List of Atlantic tropical storms
In the North Atlantic Ocean, the classification tropical storm is used to refer to a tropical cyclone with 1-minute maximum sustained wind speeds from 39 mph (63 km/h) to 72 mph (117 km/h). Tropical cyclones that attain such winds and move over land while maintaining those winds are capable of causing minor to moderate damage to human lives and infrastructure. Since HURDAT began in 1851, there have been 754 tropical storms recorded,[a][1] as well as 70 others not recognized by HURDAT, but recognized by the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) as possible tropical storms,[2] in the North Atlantic basin, which is denoted as the part of the Atlantic Ocean north of the equator. This list does not include tropical storms that later intensified into hurricanes.
The development of tropical storms in the North Atlantic basin is influenced by many factors. During the Northern Hemisphere winter and spring months of December to April, sea surface temperatures in the tropics are usually too low to support tropical cyclogenesis, and there are multiple high-pressure systems, such as the Azores High, that also inhibit tropical cyclogenesis. These effects are reduced or even disappear during hurricane season from May to November, when sea surface temperatures are also high enough to support tropical cyclogenesis; the bulk of recorded tropical storms developed during June to November. Global weather patterns may also influence hurricane development in the North Atlantic. El Niño events result in reduced numbers of powerful hurricanes through stronger wind shear and lower sea surface temperatures within the basin, while La Niña events increase the number of such hurricanes through the opposite.
Background
[edit]Saffir–Simpson scale | ||||||
TD | TS | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 |
On the Saffir–Simpson scale, a tropical cyclone reaches tropical storm status when it attains maximum sustained winds of between 34 knots (39 mph; 63 km/h; 17 m/s) and 63 knots (72 mph; 117 km/h; 32 m/s).[3] The National Hurricane Center (NHC) defines sustained winds as the average wind speed measured over the period of one minute at the height of 10 metres (33 ft) above the ground.[4] Should a tropical storm make landfall, its strongest winds are not especially damaging, and are unlikely to cause damage to any sturdy structure, but can often make trees and their branches fall. A larger danger is a tropical storm's rainfall, which can cause major flooding, as in the case of Tropical Storm Allison, and a slow-moving system can cause severe loss of life.[3]
The North Atlantic tropical cyclone basin is defined as the region of the Atlantic Ocean north of the equator, while other boundaries are mainly established by land areas. The Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) for the North Atlantic basin is the NHC, which manages the warnings of tropical cyclones there.[5] On average from 1966 to 2009, eleven tropical cyclones form in one year, though the number can range from only four in 1983 to thirty in 2020.[6] All tropical cyclones recorded by past and present RSMCs of the North Atlantic basin since 1851 are listed in the North Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT), which is compiled and maintained by the National Hurricane Center.[1]
Climatology
[edit]Month | Number of storms |
---|---|
January | |
February | |
March | |
April | |
May | |
June | |
July | |
August | |
September | |
October | |
November | |
December |
Decade | Number of storms |
---|---|
1850s | |
1860s | |
1870s | |
1880s | |
1890s | |
1900s | |
1910s | |
1920s | |
1930s | |
1940s | |
1950s | |
1960s | |
1970s | |
1980s | |
1990s | |
2000s | |
2010s | |
2020s |
Hurricane season in the Atlantic Ocean begins on June 1 and ends on November 30. Storms that do not form in this time period are known as off-season storms.[7] Since 1851, a total of 754 tropical storms have developed in the North Atlantic Ocean. 35 have occurred in the off-season, 78 in June, 64 in July, 149 in August, 222 in September, 156 in October, and 50 in November.[1]
The formation and development of tropical cyclones, termed tropical cyclogenesis, requires high sea surface temperatures of at least 26.5 °C (79.7 °F) and low vertical wind shear. When these conditions are met, a pre-existing tropical disturbance – usually a tropical wave – can develop into a tropical cyclone, provided the disturbance is far enough from the Equator to experience a sufficiently strong Coriolis force which is responsible for the counterclockwise rotation of hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere.[8] Although most storms are found within tropical latitudes, occasionally storms will form further north and east from disturbances other than tropical waves such as cold fronts and upper-level lows. These are known as baroclinically induced tropical cyclones.[9] There is a strong correlation between Atlantic hurricane activity in the tropics and the presence of an El Niño or La Niña in the Pacific Ocean. El Niño events increase the wind shear over the Atlantic, producing a less-favorable environment for formation and decreasing tropical activity in the Atlantic basin. Conversely, La Niña causes an increase in activity due to a decrease in wind shear.[10]
Tropical storms can take a variety of different tracks across the Atlantic Ocean. As they are weaker, they do not require as high a sea surface temperature, and they are more likely to form in unusual areas, such as Tropical Storm Grace, the northernmost-forming tropical cyclone in the Atlantic;[11] Tropical Storm Christine, the easternmost-forming tropical cyclone in the Atlantic;[12] or Tropical Storm Delta, which hit Morocco as an extratropical cyclone, the first storm ever to do so.[13]
Systems
[edit]1850s
[edit]Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Three | July 10, 1851 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Lesser Antilles | Unknown | Unknown | [14] |
Five | September 13–16, 1851 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [15] |
Six | October 16–19, 1851 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | New England | Unknown | Unknown | [16] |
One | August 5, 1853 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [17] |
Two | August 10, 1853 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | Lesser Antilies | Unknown | Unknown | [18] |
Five | September 21, 1853 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [19] |
Seven | September 28, 1853 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [20] |
Two | August 23, 1854 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [21] |
Five | October 20–22, 1854 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | Bermuda | Unknown | Unknown | [22] |
Four | August 24–27, 1855 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Hispaniola | Unknown | Unknown | [23] |
Three | August 19–21, 1856 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Northeastern United States | Unknown | Unknown | [24] |
Four | August 21, 1856 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Cuba | Unknown | Unknown | [25] |
One | June 30 – July 1, 1857 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [26] |
Seven | October 16–18, 1859 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas, Florida | Unknown | Unknown | [27] |
1860s
[edit]Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Five | September 18–21, 1860 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [28] |
Six | October 6–9, 1861 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [29] |
Seven | October 7, 1861 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | North Carolina | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][30] |
One | June 15–17, 1862 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [31] |
Four | October 6, 1862 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Lesser Antilles | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][32] |
Six | November 22–25, 1862 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | Panama | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][33] |
Six | September 16–19, 1863 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | United States East Coast | Unknown | Unknown | [34][35] |
Seven | September 18–19, 1863 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [36] |
Eight | September 26–27, 1863 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [37] |
Nine | September 29–30, 1863 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | United States Gulf Coast | Unknown | Unknown | [38][39] |
Two | July 25, 1864 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [40] |
Four | September 5–8, 1864 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | Unknown | Unknown | [41] |
One | May 30, 1865 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [42] |
Two | June 30 – July 1, 1865 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Texas | Minimal | None | [1][43][44] |
Three | August 20–24, 1865 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | North Carolina | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][45] |
Five | September 7, 1865 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | Louisiana | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][46] |
Seven | October 29–30, 1866 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | United States East Coast | Heavy | Unknown | [44][47] |
Five | September 8, 1867 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [48] |
Eight | October 9, 1867 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | Lesser Antilles | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][49] |
Two | October 1–8, 1868 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | United States Gulf Coast | $5 thousand | Unknown | [38][50] |
Four | September 1–2, 1869 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | Bermuda | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][51] |
Eight | September 14, 1869 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [52] |
Nine | October 1, 1869 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [53] |
1870s
[edit]Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Three | September 1–2, 1870 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [54] |
One | June 1–5, 1871 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | Cuba, Florida, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma | Unknown | 4 | [1][38][55] |
Two | June 8–10, 1871 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1007 hPa (mbar) | Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas | 1 | Unknown | [1][38][55] |
One | July 9–13, 1872 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee | 0 | Unknown | [1][38] |
One | June 1–2, 1873 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Unknown | Florida, Georgia | 0 | Unknown | [1][56] |
Four | September 22–24, 1873 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Florida | 0 | Minimal | [1] |
One | July 2–5, 1874 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Texas | Unknown | Severe | [1][55] |
Four | September 4–7, 1874 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Mexico, Texas | 1 | Unknown | [1][55] |
Five | September 8–11, 1874 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1] |
Four | September 24–28, 1875 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Louisiana, Alabama, Florida, Georgia | 0 | Unknown | [1][57] |
Three | September 16–18, 1876 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1] |
One | August 1–5, 1877 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Unknown | New Brunswick | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Five | September 24–29, 1877 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Bahamas | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Six | October 13–16, 1877 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1] |
Seven | October 24–28, 1877 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Florida | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Eight | November 28–29, 1877 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Bahamas, Atlantic Canada | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
One | July 1–3, 1878 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1008 hPa (mbar) | Florida, North Carolina | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Twelve | November 25 – December 2, 1878 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Unknown | Puerto Rico | 0 | Unknown | [1][58] |
Five | October 3–7, 1879 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Cuba, Louisiana | 0 | Unknown | [1][38] |
Six | October 9–16, 1879 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Leeward Islands, Cuba, Florida | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
1880s
[edit]Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
One | June 21–25, 1880 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Unknown | Louisiana, Texas | 0 | Unknown | [1][38][55][59] |
Eleven | October 20–23, 1880 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 991 hPa (mbar) | Atlantic Canada | 0 | None | [1] |
One | August 1–4, 1881 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Mississippi | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Two | August 11–14, 1881 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Unknown | Texas | 0 | Unknown | [1][55] |
Seven | September 18–22, 1881 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1] |
Three | September 14–16, 1882 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Louisiana, Texas | 0 | Unknown | [1][38][55] |
Four | September 21–24, 1882 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1005 hPa (mbar) | East Coast of the United States | Unknown | Unknown | [1][60] |
Four | October 22–24, 1883 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 983 hPa (mbar) | None | None | None | [1] |
Three | August 29–31, 1885 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Louisiana, Florida, South Carolina | 0 | Unknown | [1][38] |
Eight | October 10–13, 1885 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 988 hPa (mbar) | Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina | 0 | Unknown | [1][61] |
Eleven | October 10–15, 1886 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1] |
Twelve | October 21–26, 1886 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | ≤992 hPa (mbar) | Haiti | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
One | May 15–18, 1887 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | ≤997 hPa (mbar) | Newfoundland | 0 | None | [1][62] |
Two | May 17–21, 1887 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | ≤1002 hPa (mbar) | Cuba, Bahamas | 0 | Unknown | [1][62] |
Three | June 12–14, 1887 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1004 hPa (mbar) | Mississippi | "Some" | Unknown | [1][62] |
Five | July 30 – August 8, 1887 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1001 hPa (mbar) | Haiti, Cuba | 0 | Unknown | [1][62] |
Eleven | October 6–9, 1887 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Mexico | 0 | Unknown | [1][62] |
Twelve | October 8–9, 1887 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | ≤994 hPa (mbar) | Bahamas | 0 | Unknown | [1][62] |
Sixteen | October 29–31, 1887 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 993 hPa (mbar) | United States Gulf Coast, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | 2 | $7 thousand | [1][63][62] |
Nineteen | December 7–12, 1887 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Venezuela, Costa Rica | 0 | Unknown | [1][62] |
Two | July 4–6, 1888 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | ≤1008 hPa (mbar) | Texas | 0 | Unknown | [1][55][64] |
Five | September 6–11, 1888 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | Florida, East Coast of the United States | 0 | Unknown | [1][65] |
Eight | November 1–8, 1888 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1] |
Seven | September 12–19, 1889 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1] |
Eight | September 29 – October 6, 1889 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1] |
Nine | October 5–7, 1889 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | ≤1002 hPa (mbar) | Cuba, Florida, Nova Scotia | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
1890s
[edit]Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
One | May 27–29, 1890 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Cuba | 4 | Millions | [1][66] |
Two | August 18–28, 1890 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Cayman Islands, Louisiana, Mississippi | 0 | Unknown | [1][38][66] |
Seven | October 4–8, 1891 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (mbar) | Cuba, Florida | 2 | Unknown | [1][67] |
Eight | October 7–9, 1891 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | ≤1004 hPa (mbar) | Cuba, Florida, Atlantic Canada | 0 | Unknown | [1][67] |
Ten | November 3–6, 1891 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1][67] |
One | June 9–16, 1892 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | ≤1005 hPa (mbar) | Cuba, Florida, North Carolina | 16 | $1.5 million | [1][67][68] |
Four | September 8–13, 1892 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Louisiana, Mississippi | 0 | Unknown | [1][38] |
Six | September 25–27, 1892 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Mexico | 0 | Unknown | [1][67] |
Nine | October 21–29, 1892 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Unknown | Florida | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Eleven | October 20–23, 1893 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Cuba, Maryland | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Twelve | November 5–9, 1893 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Unknown | North Carolina | 0 | None | [1] |
One | June 6–9, 1894 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1][67] |
Two | August 5–9, 1894 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Alabama, Mississippi | 0 | Unknown | [1][67] |
One | August 14–17, 1895 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | ≤1009 hPa (mbar) | Alabama | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Three | September 28 – October 7, 1895 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | ≤989 hPa (mbar) | Yucatan Peninsula, Florida, Bahamas | 56 | Unknown | [1][69] |
Four | October 2–7, 1895 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Unknown | Yucatan Peninsula, Texas | 0 | Unknown | [1][55] |
Six | October 13–17, 1895 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Unknown | Florida | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Seven | November 27–29, 1896 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Trinidad, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Barbados, Montserrat | 75 | $49 thousand | [1][70][71] |
Three | September 20–25, 1897 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | ≤1003 hPa (mbar) | Florida, East Coast of the United States | 0 | Unknown | [1][61][67] |
Four | September 25–29, 1897 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | ≤1010 hPa (mbar) | Cuba | 0 | None | [1][67] |
Six | October 23–29, 1897 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | ≤993 hPa (mbar) | Bahamas, North Carolina, Virginia | 6 | Unknown | [1][61] |
Five | September 12–22, 1898 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Yucatan Peninsula, Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois | 0 | Unknown | [1][72] |
Six | September 20–28, 1898 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Nicaragua, Yucatan Peninsula, Texas | 0 | Unknown | [1][72][55] |
Eight | September 25–28, 1898 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1008 hPa (mbar) | Cuba, Bahamas | 0 | Unknown | [1][72] |
Nine | October 2–14, 1898 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Unknown | Cuba, Florida, Georgia | 2 | Extensive | [1][72] |
Ten | October 21–23, 1898 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Unknown | Cuba, Bahamas | 0 | Unknown | [1][72] |
Eleven | October 27 – November 4, 1898 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Lesser Antilles, Yucatan Peninsula | 0 | Unknown | [1][72] |
One | June 26–27, 1899 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Unknown | Texas | 284 | $9 million | [1][55][73] |
Six | October 2–6, 1899 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Florida, Georgia, East Coast of the United States | 0 | Unknown | [1][73] |
Seven | October 10–14, 1899 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1][73][74] |
Eight | October 15 – 18, 1899 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Unknown | Bahamas | 0 | None | [1][73] |
Ten | November 7–10, 1899 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Unknown | Jamaica, Cuba | 4 | Unknown | [1][73] |
1900s
[edit]Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Four | September 11–15, 1900 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Yucatan Peninsula, United States Gulf Coast | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][75] |
Five | October 4–10, 1900 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | Atlantic Canada | $100,000 | 1 | [76][77] |
Six | October 10–15, 1900 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][78] |
Seven | October 24–28, 1900 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Hispaniola, Cuba, Bahamas, Florida | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][79] |
One | June 11–15, 1901 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not Specified | Cuba, Southeastern United States | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][80] |
Two | June 30 – July 10, 1901 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | Windward Islands, Hispaniola, Cuba, Texas | Unknown | 14 | [81][82] |
Five | August 18–22, 1901 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Barbados, Venezuela | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][83] |
Nine | September 12–17, 1901 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [84] |
Ten | September 21–28, 1901 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Cuba, Eastern United States, Atlantic Canada | Unknown | Unknown | [85] |
Eleven | October 5–10, 1901 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [86] |
Twelve | October 15–18, 1901 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Cuba, The Bahamas | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][87] |
One | June 12–16, 1902 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Cuba, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][88] |
Five | November 1–6, 1902 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [89] |
Five | September 19–26, 1903 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas | Unknown | Unknown | [90] |
Eight | October 5–10, 1903 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | United States East Coast | $10 million | 26 | [91] |
Nine | October 21–24, 1903 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas, Newfoundland | Unknown | Unknown | [92] |
Five | October 19–23, 1904 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [93] |
Six | October 31 – November 4, 1904 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Southeastern United States | Unknown | Unknown | [94] |
One | September 6–8, 1905 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Lesser Antiles | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][95] |
Two | September 11–16, 1905 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [96] |
Three | September 24–30, 1905 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Yucatan Peninsula, Louisiana, Arkansas | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][97] |
Five | October 5–10, 1905 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Louisiana, Mississippi | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][98] |
One | June 8–13, 1906 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | Cuba, Florida | Unknown | Unknown | [1][99] |
Three | August 22–25, 1906 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1003 hPa (mbar) | None | None | None | [1][63][99] |
Seven | September 22 – October 1, 1906 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 994 hPa (mbar) | None | None | None | [1][100] |
Nine | October 14–17, 1906 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1003 hPa (mbar) | Florida | 0 | None | [1][100] |
Ten | October 15–20, 1906 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1][100] |
One | June 24–29, 1907 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | Florida, Georgia | 0 | Unknown | [1][63] |
Two | September 18–22, 1907 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1003 hPa (mbar) | Louisiana, Alabama | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Three | September 27–29, 1907 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (mbar) | Florida, Georgia, North Carolina | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Four | October 17–19, 1907 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1003 hPa (mbar) | None | None | None | [1][63] |
Five | November 6–12, 1907 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [1] |
Four | July 29 – August 3, 1908 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | United States Gulf Coast | 0 | Unknown | [1][101][102] |
Five | August 30 – September 2, 1908 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Unknown | North Carolina | 0 | None | [1][102] |
Seven | September 16–18, 1908 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [1][103] |
Ten | October 20–23, 1908 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not Specified | South Carolina | 0 | None | [1][103] |
1910s
[edit]Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
One | June 15–19, 1909 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | Central America | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][104] |
Three | June 26 – July 4, 1909 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas, Florida, Georgia | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][105] |
Five | August 6–10, 1909 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][106] |
Seven | August 22–25, 1909 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Louisiana, Texas, Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][107] |
Eight | August 28–31, 1909 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas, Florida, Georgia | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][108] |
Ten | September 24–29, 1909 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Cuba, Florida | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][109] |
One | August 23–26, 1910 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | The Caribbean, United States East Coast | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][110] |
Two | August 26–31, 1910 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | Texas, Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][111] |
One | August 4–12, 1911 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Southeastern United States | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][112] |
Five | September 15–20, 1911 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [113] |
Six | October 26–31, 1911 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas, Cuba, Yucatan Peninsula, Florida | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][114] |
One | June 7–17, 1912 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | Southeastern United States | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][115] |
Two | July 12–17, 1912 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Southeastern United States | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][116] |
Three | September 2–6, 1912 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Southeastern United States | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][117] |
Two | August 14–16, 1913 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [118] |
Three | August 26 – September 12, 1913 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [119] |
One | September 15–19, 1914 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas, United States Gulf Coast | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][120] |
Five | September 19–22, 1915 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [121] |
One | May 13–16, 1916 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Cuba, United States East Coast | $150,000 | Unknown | [citation needed][122] |
Five | August 4–6, 1916 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Mexico, Texas | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][123] |
Nine | September 4–7, 1916 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Georgia, North Carolina | Unknown | Unknown | [124][125] |
Twelve | October 2–5, 1916 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Georgia | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][126] |
Fifteen | November 11–15, 1916 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | Honduras | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][127] |
One | July 6–14, 1917 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Honduras, Belize, Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][128] |
Two | August 6–10, 1917 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | Massachusetts, Atlantic Canada | Severe | 41 | [citation needed][129] |
Four | August 31 – September 6, 1918 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [130] |
Six | September 9–14, 1918 | 45 mph (75 km/h)} | Not Specified | Haiti | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][131] |
One | July 2–5, 1919 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | United States Gulf Coast | $150,000 | None | [132][133] |
Four | September 29 – October 2, 1919 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | Southeastern United States | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][134] |
Five | November 10 - 15, 1919 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [citation needed][135] |
1920s
[edit]Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Four | September 23–27, 1920 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1009 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1][63] |
Five | October 15–17, 1921 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 998 hPa (mbar) | Florida | 0 | None | [1][63] |
Seven | November 19–25, 1921 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1003 hPa (mbar) | Bahamas, Cuba | 0 | None | [1][63] |
One | June 12 – 16, 1922 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1003 hPa (mbar) | Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Mexico, Texas | 100+ | $2 million | [1][63][55] |
Five | October 12–17, 1922 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (mbar) | Cuba, Alabama | 0 | Minimal | [1][63] |
One | June 22–28, 1923 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, East Coast of the United States | 0 | None | [1][63] |
Three | September 7–11, 1923 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (mbar) | Cape Verde | 0 | None | [1][63] |
Seven | October 15–19, 1923 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 987 hPa (mbar) | Massachusetts, New Hampshire | 0 | None | [1][63] |
Eight | October 16–18, 1923 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 992 hPa (mbar) | Louisiana, Mississippi | 4 | Unknown | [1][63][136] |
Nine | October 24–26, 1923 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1003 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1] |
One | June 18–21, 1924 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1005 hPa (mbar) | Belize, Mexico | 0 | None | [1][137] |
Two | July 28–30, 1924 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1] |
Six | September 20–22, 1924 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1005 hPa (mbar) | Cape Verde | 0 | None | [1] |
Seven | September 24 – October 3, 1924 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1007 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1] |
Eight | September 27–29, 1924 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | Honduras, Florida | 0 | None | [1][137] |
Nine | October 11–15, 1924 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1004 hPa (mbar) | Mexico | 0 | None | [1][137] |
Two | August 25–27, 1925 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1009 hPa (mbar) | Florida, North Carolina | 0 | None | [1] |
Three | September 6–7, 1925 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | Mexico, Texas | 0 | None | [1] |
Four | November 27 – December 1, 1925 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 995 hPa (mbar) | Honduras, Cuba, Florida | 73 | $3 million | [1][63] |
Six | September 11–17, 1926 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1004 hPa (mbar) | Cuba, Bahamas, Florida | 0 | Minimal | [1][63] |
Nine | October 3–5, 1926 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1005 hPa (mbar) | Nicaragua, Belize, Guatemala | Unknown | Unknown | [1] |
Eleven | November 12–16, 1926 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1007 hPa (mbar) | Cuba | Unknown | Unknown | [1] |
Five | September 30 – October 4, 1927 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1008 hPa (mbar) | South Carolina, North Carolina | 0 | Very minor | [1][63][138] |
Six | October 16–19, 1927 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | Honduras, Cuba, Bahamas | 0 | Minor | [1][63][139] |
Seven | October 30 – November 3, 1927 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1011 hPa (mbar) | Cayman Islands, Cuba, Bahamas | 0 | Unknown | [1][63] |
Eight | November 19–21, 1927 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1][63] |
Three | September 1–8, 1928 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Yucatán Peninsula, Tampico, Texas | Unknown | Unknown | [1][140] |
Five | September 8–10, 1928 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | ≤1015 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1][63] |
Three | September 25–27, 1929 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1][63] |
Four | October 15–19, 1929 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | ≤999 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1][63] |
1930s
[edit]Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Three | October 18–21, 1930 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 992 hPa (mbar) | Mexico | 0 | None | [1][63] |
One | June 24–28, 1931 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | Mexico, Texas | 0 | None | [1][63][141] |
Two | July 11–17, 1931 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 996 hPa (mbar) | Mexico, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma | 0 | Unknown | [1][63][142] |
Three | August 10–19, 1931 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | Windward Islands, Belize, Mexico | 0 | Unknown | [1][63] |
Four | August 16–21, 1931 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Unknown | Lesser Antilles, New Jersey | 1 | Unknown | [1][63][143] |
Five | September 1–4, 1931 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 992 hPa (mbar) | Lesser Antilles, Hispaniola | 30 | Unknown | [1][63][144] |
Nine | October 13–16, 1931 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1000 hPa (mbar) | Bahamas | 0 | None | [1][63] |
Ten | October 18–20, 1931 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (mbar) | Bahamas, Cuba | 0 | Unknown | [1][63] |
Eleven | November 1–5, 1931 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1011 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1][63] |
Twelve | November 11–16, 1931 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1003 hPa (mbar) | Nicaragua, Honduras, Belize, Mexico | 0 | Unknown | [1][63][145] |
Thirteen | November 22–25, 1931 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 998 hPa (mbar) | Lesser Antilles, Bahamas | 0 | Unknown | [1][63][146] |
One | May 5–11, 1932 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 995 hPa (mbar) | Hispaniola | 0 | None | [1][63][147] |
Five | September 4–7, 1932 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 992 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1][63][148] |
Six | September 9–15, 1932 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | Gulf Coast of the United States, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada | 0 | $10 thousand | [1][63][149] |
Seven | September 16–22, 1932 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (mbar) | Atlantic Canada | 0 | Unknown | [1][63][150] |
Eight | September 18–21, 1932 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 998 hPa (mbar) | Louisiana, Ohio River Valley | 0 | Unknown | [1][63][151] |
Ten | September 28–30, 1932 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1][63][152] |
Eleven | October 7–15, 1932 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 990 hPa (mbar) | Belize, Mexico, Southeastern United States, Ohio River Valley | 0 | $30 thousand | [1][63][153] |
Twelve | October 8–12, 1932 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 997 hPa (mbar) | Bermuda | 0 | None | [1][63][154] |
Thirteen | October 18–21, 1932 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1][63][155] |
One | May 14–19, 1933 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1001 hPa (mbar) | Honduras, Mexico | 0 | None | [156] |
Three | July 14–27, 1933 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | Jamaica, Belize, Yucatán Peninsula, Texas | 0 | $1.5 million | [157] |
Four | July 24–27, 1933 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1008 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [158] |
Seven | August 14–21, 1933 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1007 hPa (mbar) | Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Cuba | 83 | $2.5 million | [159] |
Nine | August 23–31, 1933 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [160] |
Ten | August 26–30, 1933 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | Mexico | 0 | None | [161] |
Sixteen | October 1–4, 1933 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1012 hPa (mbar) | Bahamas | 0 | None | [162] |
Nineteen | October 26–29, 1933 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 990 hPa (mbar) | Atlantic Canada | 0 | Unknown | [163] |
Twenty | November 15–17, 1933 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 996 hPa (mbar) | Nicaragua | 0 | Unknown | [164] |
Four | August 20–23, 1934 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not Specified | Leeward Islands | 0 | None | [165] |
Six | September 1–4, 1934 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1008 hPa (mbar) | North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland | 0 | Minor | [166] |
Eight | September 16–23, 1934 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1010 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [167] |
Nine | September 18–25, 1934 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [168] |
Eleven | October 4–6, 1934 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1004 hPa (mbar) | Southeast United States | 0 | Minor | [169] |
Twelve | October 19–23, 1934 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1001 hPa (mbar) | Jamaica, Cuba, Bahamas | 0 | None | [170] |
One | May 15–19, 1935 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1003 hPa (mbar) | Hispaniola | 0 | Minimal | [171] |
Four | August 30 – September 2, 1935 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1001 hPa (mbar) | Mexico | 0 | Minimal | [172] |
Eight | November 3–14, 1935 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1001 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [173] |
One | June 12–17, 1936 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 996 hPa (mbar) | Mexico, Florida, Bahamas | 3 indirect | Unknown | [174][175] |
Two | June 19–22, 1936 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (mbar) | Mexico | 0 | None | [175][176] |
Four | July 26–28, 1936 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1003 hPa (mbar) | Louisiana | 0 | Minor | [175][177] |
Six | August 4–9, 1936 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1001 hPa (mbar) | Nova Scotia | 0 | None | [175][178] |
Seven | August 7–12, 1936 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1008 hPa (mbar) | Louisiana, Mexico | 0 | Minor | [175][179] |
Nine | August 20–23, 1936 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | Bahamas, United States Gulf Coast | 0 | Minimal | [175][180] |
Twelve | September 7–8, 1936 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1008 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [175][181] |
Fourteen | September 9–14, 1936 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 998 hPa (mbar) | Mexico, Texas | 0 | None | [175][182] |
Sixteen | October 9–11, 1936 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1006 hPa (mbar) | Mexico | 0 | Unknown | [175][183] |
Seventeen | December 2–7, 1936 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 996 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [175][184] |
One | July 29 – August 2, 1937 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 996 hPa (mbar) | Florida, North Carolina, Nova Scotia | 0 | Unknown | [185] |
Two | August 2–9, 1937 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1005 hPa (mbar) | Bahamas | 0 | None | [186] |
Three | August 24 – September 2, 1937 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 995 hPa (mbar) | Southeast United States | 18 | $62.5 million | [187][188] |
Five | September 10–12, 1937 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 988 hPa (mbar) | Nova Scotia | 0 | None | [189] |
Seven | September 16–21, 1937 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | Florida | 2 | Unknown | [190] |
Nine | September 26–28, 1937 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1010 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [191] |
Ten | October 2–4, 1937 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | Louisiana | 0 | Unknown | [192] |
Two | August 8–9, 1938 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | Greater Antilles | 0 | None | [193] |
Five | September 9–14, 1938 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1009 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [194] |
Seven | October 10–17, 1938 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 996 hPa (mbar) | Belize, Mexico, Florida, Texas | 0 | Minimal | [195][196] |
Eight | October 16–21, 1938 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1004 hPa (mbar) | Bahamas, Atlantic Canada | 4 | $7 thousand | [197][198] |
Nine | November 6–10, 1938 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1000 hPa (mbar) | Bahamas, Florida, Cuba | 0 | $100 thousand | [199][200] |
One | June 12–18, 1939 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | Mexico, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi | 1 | Minor | [201][202] |
Three | August 15–19, 1939 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1000 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [203][202] |
Four | September 23–27, 1939 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (mbar) | Louisiana | 0 | Minimal | [202][204] |
1940s
[edit]Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
One | May 19–24, 1940 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [205][206] |
Six | September 18–25, 1940 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Central America, Southern United States | $39,000 | 2 | [206][207] |
Nine | October 24 - 26, 1940 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [208] |
One | September 11–16, 1941 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Louisiana, Texas | Minor | None | [209][210] |
Six | October 15–22, 1941 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | The Bahamas, Cuba, Florida | Unknown | 1 | [209][211] |
One | August 3–5, 1942 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | Belize, Mexico, Texas | Minor | None | [63][212] |
Five | September 15–23, 1942 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | Lesser Antilles, Belize, Guatemala | Unknown | None | [63][213] |
Six | September 18–21, 1942 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | Newfoundland | None | None | [63][214] |
Seven | September 27–29, 1942 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [63][215] |
Eight | October 1–4, 1942 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [216] |
Nine | October 10–11, 1942 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | North Carolina, Virginia | Unknown | 1 | [217] |
Ten | October 13–18, 1942 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | Cuba, Bahamas | Unknown | Unknown | [218] |
Two | August 13–19, 1943 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [219] |
Five | September 13–15, 1943 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | Bahamas, Atlantic Canada | Minor | None | [220][221] |
Seven | September 28 – October 1, 1943 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey | $20,000 | 1 | [222][223] |
Eight | October 1–3, 1943 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | Atlantic Canada | None | None | [63][224][223] |
Ten | October 20–26, 1943 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | Belize | None | None | [225] |
Two | July 24–27, 1944 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not specified | Windward Islands, Haiti | None | None | [226][227] |
Five | August 18–23, 1944 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | Mexico, Texas | Minimal | None | [228][229] |
Six | September 9–11, 1944 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Louisiana | $500[63] | Unknown | [63][230] |
Ten | September 30 – October 2, 1944 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [231] |
Eleven | September 30 – October 3, 1944 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | Barbados | None | None | [227][232] |
Fourteen | November 1–4, 1944 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [233] |
Two | July 19–22, 1945 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not specified | Texas, Louisiana | None | None | [234][235] |
Three | August 2–4, 1945 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | Greater Antilles | Unknown | Unknown | [236][237] |
Four | August 17–21, 1945 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | Greater Antilles | Unknown | Unknown | [238][239] |
Six | August 29 – September 1, 1945 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Belize, Nicaragua, Honduras | Minimal | None | [240][239] |
Seven | September 3–6, 1945 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not specified | United States Gulf Coast | Minimal | None | [241][239] |
Eight | September 9–12, 1945 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [242] |
One | June 13–16, 1946 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not specified | Texas, Louisiana | None | None | [243][244] |
Three | August 25–26, 1946 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not specified | Mexico | None | None | [245][244] |
Five | October 1–3, 1946 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | Azores | "Catastrophic"[63] | None | [246][63] |
Seven | October 31 – November 3, 1946 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | Florida | >$1 million[63] | None | [63][247][248] |
One[b] | July 31 – August 2, 1947 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | Texas, Mexico | $2 million | None | [250][251] |
Five[c] | September 7–9, 1947 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | United States Gulf Coast | Minimal | None | [63][252] |
Six[d] | September 20–24, 1947 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) | Cayman Islands, Cuba, Florida, Georgia | $100 thousand | None | [63][253][254] |
Seven[e] | October 7–9, 1947 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | Florida, Georgia | $100 thousand | None | [255][256] |
Eight | October 8–11, 1947 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [257] |
One | May 22–29, 1948 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | Hispaniola, Bermuda | Unknown | 80 | [258][259] |
Two | July 7–11, 1948 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not specified | United States Gulf Coast | Minimal | None | [260][259] |
Four[f] | August 30 – September 1, 1948 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Lesser Antilles | Minimal | None | [262][259] |
Seven | September 7–10, 1948 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [263][259] |
Three | August 30 – September 3, 1949 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | Lesser Antilles | Unknown | 7[264] | [265][266] |
Five | September 3–5, 1949 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | Louisiana, Mississippi | $50 thousand | None | [267][266] |
Six | September 5–12, 1949 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | None | None | None | [268] |
Seven | September 11–14, 1949 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | North Carolina, Virginia | Unknown | None | [269] |
Eight | September 13–17, 1949 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [270] |
Twelve | October 2–7, 1949 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [271] |
Fourteen | October 13–17, 1949 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [272] |
Fifteen | November 1–5, 1949 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [273] |
Sixteen | November 3–5, 1949 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | Honduras, Nicaragua | None | None | [274][266] |
1950–2000
[edit]Regular naming of Atlantic storms began in 1950.
Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
How | October 1–4, 1950 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | Texas, Mexico | None | None | [275][276] |
Twelve | October 17–24, 1950 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [277] |
Mike | October 25–28, 1950 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [278] |
Fifteen | October 27–29, 1950 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [279] |
Sixteen | November 10–12, 1950 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [280] |
One | January 4 – 9, 1951 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [281] |
Baker | August 2–5, 1951 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | None | None | None | [282][283] |
George | September 19–22, 1951 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Mexico | None | None | [284][283] |
Item | October 12–17, 1951 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Cuba | None | None | [285][283] |
One | February 3–4, 1952 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | Mexico, Cuba, United States East Coast | Minimal | None | [286][287] |
Three | August 27–28, 1952 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | The Carolinas | Unknown | None | [288] |
Five | September 8–11, 1952 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | Azores, Iberian Peninsula | Unknown | None | [289] |
Dog | September 24–30, 1952 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | None | None | None | [290][291] |
Eight | September 25–30, 1952 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | Cape Verde | None | None | [292] |
Eleven | November 26–30, 1952 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | None | None | None | [293] |
Alice | May 25 – June 7, 1953 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Central America, Cuba, Florida, Alabama | Minimal | None | [294][295] |
Two | July 11–15, 1953 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | Florida | None | None | [296] |
Five | August 29 – September 1, 1953 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Florida, Georgia | None | None | [297][298] |
Eight | September 15–21, 1953 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Florida | Minor | None | [299][300] |
Eleven | October 3–6, 1953 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not specified | Cuba, Bahamas, Atlantic Canada | Minor | 2 | [301][302] |
Thirteen | November 23–26, 1953 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | None | None | None | [303] |
Fourteen | December 7–9, 1953 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [304][g] |
One | May 28–30, 1954 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | None | None | None | [305] |
Two | June 18–25, 1954 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | Florida, Nova Scotia | None | None | [306] |
Four | July 10–14, 1954 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [307] |
Barbara | July 27–30, 1954 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Louisiana, Texas | None | None | [308][309] |
Nine | September 6–7, 1954 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [310] |
Florence | September 10–12, 1954 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Mexico | $1.5 million | 5 | [311][309] |
Eleven | September 15–18, 1954 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [312] |
Gilda | September 24–30, 1954 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Honduras, Belize, Mexico | Unknown | 29 | [313][309] |
Fifteen | November 16–21, 1954 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | None | None | None | [314] |
Brenda | July 31 – August 3, 1955 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | Louisiana | Unknown | 2 | [315][316] |
Five | August 25–28, 1955 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Louisiana | Minor | None | [316][317] |
Eleven | September 23–28, 1955 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [318] |
Twelve | October 10–14, 1955 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [319] |
One | June 7–10, 1956 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | [320] |
Two | June 12–15, 1956 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Louisiana, Mississippi | $50 thousand | 4 | [321][322] |
Carla | September 7–10, 1956 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [321][323] |
Dora | September 10–13, 1956 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Mexico | Minor | 27 | [321][324] |
Ethel | September 11–14, 1956 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | The Bahamas | None | None | [321][325] |
Nine | October 9–12, 1956 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [326] |
Ten | October 14–17, 1956 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Florida, Outer Banks | $3 million | 2 | [321][327] |
Twelve | November 19–21, 1956 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [328] |
One | June 8–10, 1957 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Florida, Georgia | $52 thousand | 5 | [329][330] |
Bertha | August 8–11, 1957 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas | $925 thousand | 2 | [331][330] |
Debbie | September 7–9, 1957 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Florida | Minor | 4 | [332][330] |
Esther | September 16–19, 1957 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Louisiana | $2.5 million | 3 | [333][330] |
Eight | October 23–27, 1957 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | None | None | None | [334] |
One | May 25–27, 1958 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Florida, Nova Scotia | None | None | [335][336] |
Alma | June 14–16, 1958 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not specified | Mexico, Texas | Unknown | 3 | [337][338] |
Becky | August 8–17, 1958 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Cape Verde | None | None | [339][338] |
Gerda | September 14–22, 1958 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Mexico, Texas | Unknown | 3 | [340][338] |
Twelve | October 15–17, 1958 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [341] |
Arlene | May 28 – June 2, 1959 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | Southeastern United States | $500 thousand | 1 | [342][343] |
Beulah | June 15–19, 1959 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Mexico | None | None | [344][343] |
Six | August 2–3, 1959 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | Outer Banks | None | None | [345][346] |
Edith | August 18–19, 1959 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Lesser Antilles | None | None | [347][343] |
Eight | August 29 – September 4, 1959 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [348][346] |
Nine | September 9–11, 1959 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | [349][346] |
Irene | October 6–9, 1959 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Florida, Alabama, Georgia | Unknown | None | [350][343] |
One | June 22–28, 1960 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois | $3.6 million | 18 | [351][352] |
Brenda | July 27–31, 1960 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | Florida, United States East Coast, Eastern Canada | $5 million | 1 | [353][352] |
Six | September 1–3, 1960 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [354][346] |
Florence | September 17–26, 1960 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, United States Gulf Coast | Minimal | None | [355][352] |
Six | September 12–15, 1961 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | The Bahamas, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | Minimal | None | [356][357] |
Gerda | October 17–20, 1961 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | Jamaica, Cuba, The Bahamas, New England | Unknown | 7 | [358][359] |
Inga | November 4–8, 1961 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Mexico | None | None | [360][359] |
Twelve | November 17–21, 1961 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [361][362] |
One | June 30 – July 2, 1962 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | North Carolina | None | None | [363][362] |
Becky | August 27–31, 1962 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | Cape Verde, Azores | None | None | [364][365] |
Celia | September 12–21, 1962 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | None | None | None | [366][365] |
One | June 1–4, 1963 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | The Bahamas, North Carolina, Mid-Atlantic states | Unknown | None | [367][362] |
Cindy | September 16–20, 1963 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Louisiana, Texas | $12.5 million | 3 | [368][369] |
Helena | October 25–30, 1963 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Lesser Antilles | $500 thousand | 5 | [370][369] |
One | June 3–11, 1964 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Yucatán Peninsula, Cuba, Southeastern United States | $1 million | None | [371][372] |
Two | July 23–26, 1964 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Atlantic Canada | Unknown | None | [373][362] |
Abby | August 5–8, 1964 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | United States Gulf Coast | $750 thousand | None | [374][372] |
Brenda | August 8–10, 1964 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | Bermuda | $275 thousand | None | [375][372] |
Florence | September 5–10, 1964 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Cape Verde | None | None | [376][372] |
Thirteen | November 5–10, 1964 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Central America | $5 million | None | [377][372] |
One | June 13–15, 1965 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Southeastern United States | Minimal | None | [378][379] |
Four | September 7–9, 1965 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | None | None | None | [380][379] |
Debbie | September 24–30, 1965 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Mexico, United States Gulf Coast | $25 million | None | [381][379] |
Seven | October 2–3, 1965 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | None | None | None | [382][362] |
Nine | October 16–19, 1965 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | The Bahamas, Florida | $4.5 million | None | [383][384] |
Ten | November 29 – December 2, 1965 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | None | None | None | [385][362] |
Two | June 28 – July 2, 1966 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Cuba, Florida | $50 thousand | None | [386][387] |
Ella | July 22–28, 1966 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) | None | None | None | [388][387] |
Greta | September 1–6, 1966 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Lesser Antilles | Minor | None | [389][390] |
Hallie | September 20–21, 1966 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Mexico | None | None | [391][387] |
Judith | September 27–30, 1966 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Lesser Antilles | None | None | [392][387] |
Kendra | October 3–9, 1966 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not specified | Cape Verde | None | None | [393][390] |
Fourteen | November 13–17, 1966 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Iceland | None | None | [394][390] |
Fifteen | November 22–26, 1966 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | None | None | None | [395][390] |
One | June 15–19, 1967 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | The Carolinas | $15 thousand | None | [396][397] |
Two | June 20–23, 1967 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | None | None | None | [398][390] |
Four | September 1–5, 1967 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [399][390] |
Eight | September 25 – October 1, 1967 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [400][390] |
Edith | September 26 – October 1, 1967 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Lesser Antilles | Minimal | None | [401][397] |
Ginger | October 5–8, 1967 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1011 hPa (29.85 inHg) | Senegal, Cape Verde | None | None | [402][397] |
Twelve | October 14–18, 1967 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Atlantic Canada | None | None | [403][390] |
Candy | June 22–25, 1968 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Midwestern states | $2.7 million | None | [404][405] |
Five | September 10–11, 1968 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | None | None | [406][390] |
Edna | September 13–17, 1968 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1012 hPa (29.88 inHg) | None | None | None | [407][405] |
Frances | September 23–29, 1968 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | None | None | None | [408][405] |
Anna | July 25 – August 4, 1969 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Lesser Antilles | None | None | [409][410] |
Eve | August 24–27, 1969 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | None | None | None | [411][410] |
Eleven | September 25–30, 1969 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [412][390] |
Jenny | October 1–5, 1969 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Cuba, Florida | None | None | [413][410] |
Sixteen | October 28–31, 1969 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | [414][390] |
Becky | July 19–23, 1970 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Southeastern United States | $500 thousand | 1 | [415][416] |
Dorothy | August 18–22, 1970 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Lesser Antilles | $34 million | 51 | [417][416] |
Six | September 3–13, 1970 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | None | None | None | [418][390] |
Felice | September 12–18, 1970 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Florida, Louisiana, Texas | Minimal | None | [419][416] |
Nine | September 19–23, 1970 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [420][390] |
Greta | September 26 – October 4, 1970 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Florida, Mexico | Unknown | None | [421][416] |
Fourteen | November 28 – December 1, 1970 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) | None | None | None | [422][390] |
Arlene | July 4–7, 1971 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | The Carolinas, Newfoundland | Minimal | None | [423][424] |
Chloe | August 18–25, 1971 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Belize | Minimal | None | [425][424] |
Doria | August 20–28, 1971 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) | United States East Coast, Canada | $148 million | 7 | [426][424] |
Heidi | September 11–15, 1971 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Northeastern United States | Minimal | None | [427][424] |
Janice | September 21–24, 1971 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Leeward Islands | None | None | [428][424] |
Kristy | October 18–21, 1971 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | None | None | None | [429][424] |
Laura | November 12–22, 1971 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Cayman Islands, Cuba, Central America | Minimal | 1 | [430][424] |
Carrie | August 29 – September 3, 1972 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | Northeastern United States | $1.78 million | 4 | [431][432] |
Christine | August 25 – September 4, 1973 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico | Minor | 1 | [433][12] |
Delia | September 1 – 7, 1973 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | Texas, Mexico | $6 million | 5 | [434][12] |
Gilda | October 16–27, 1973 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | Cuba, The Bahamas, Atlantic Canada | Unknown | 6 | [435][12] |
Alma | August 12–15, 1974 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela | $5 million | 51 | [436][437] |
Dolly | September 2–5, 1974 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | None | None | None | [438][437] |
Elaine | September 4–13, 1974 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | None | None | None | [439][437] |
Amy | June 27 – July 4, 1975 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) | United States East Coast | Minimal | 1 | [440][441] |
Hallie | October 24–27, 1975 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | United States East Coast | Minimal | None | [442][441] |
Anna | July 28 – August 1, 1976 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Azores | None | None | [443][444] |
Dottie | August 18–21, 1976 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | The Bahamas, Southeastern United States | Minor | 4 | [445][444] |
Frieda | October 16–19, 1977 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Cayman Islands, Belize | None | None | [446][447] |
Amelia | July 30 – August 1, 1978 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Texas | $110 million | 33 | [448][449] |
Bess | August 5–8, 1978 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Mexico | None | None | [450][449] |
Debra | August 26–29, 1978 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Southeastern United States | Minimal | 2 | [451][449] |
Hope | September 12–21, 1978 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) | None | None | None | [452][449] |
Irma | October 2–5, 1978 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Azores | None | None | [453][449] |
Juliet | October 7 – 11, 1978 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Puerto Rico, Bermuda | None | None | [454][449] |
Ana | June 19–24, 1979 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Lesser Antilles | None | None | [455][456] |
Claudette | July 15–29, 1979 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Greater Antilles, West South Central states | $400 million | 2 | [457][456] |
Elena | August 30 – September 2, 1979 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Texas | $10 million | 5 | [458][456] |
Danielle | September 4–7, 1980 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Texas | $277,500 | 2 | [459][460] |
Hermine | September 20–26, 1980 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | Central America, Mexico | Unknown | 38 | [461][460] |
Arlene | May 6–9, 1981 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Greater Antilles, The Bahamas | Minimal | None | [462][463] |
Bret | June 29 – July 1, 1981 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Virginia, North Carolina | Minimal | 1 | [464][465] |
Cindy | August 2–5, 1981 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | [466][467] |
Jose | October 29 – November 1, 1981 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Azores | None | None | [468][469] |
Beryl | August 28 – September 6, 1982 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) | Cape Verde | $3 million | 3 | [470][471] |
Chris | September 9–12, 1982 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Southern United States | $2 million | None | [472][473] |
Ernesto | September 30 – October 2, 1982 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | None | None | None | [474][475] |
Dean | September 26–30, 1983 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | North Carolina, Virginia, Mid-Atlantic states | Minor | None | [476][477] |
Arthur | August 28 – September 5, 1984 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [478][479] |
Bertha | August 30 – September 4, 1984 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | None | None | None | [480][481] |
Cesar | August 31 – September 2, 1984 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | None | None | None | [482][483] |
Edouard | September 14–15, 1984 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Mexico | None | None | [484][485] |
Fran | September 15–20, 1984 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Cape Verde | $2.8 million | 29–32 | [486][487] |
Gustav | September 16–19, 1984 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | Bermuda | None | None | [488][489] |
Isidore | September 25 – October 1, 1984 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | The Bahamas, Florida | $1 million | 1 | [490][491] |
Ana | July 15–19, 1985 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Atlantic Canada | None | None | [492][493] |
Fabian | September 15–19, 1985 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | None | None | None | [494][495] |
Henri | September 21–25, 1985 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | United States East Coast | Minimal | None | [496][497] |
Isabel | October 7–15, 1985 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Greater Antilles, Southeastern United States | $125 million | 180 | [498][499] |
Andrew | June 5–8, 1986 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | The Carolinas | Minimal | 1 | [500][501] |
Danielle | September 7–10, 1986 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Leeward Islands | $10.5 million | None | [502][503] |
Two | August 9–17, 1987 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | United States Gulf Coast | $7.4 million | None | [504][505] |
Bret | August 18–24, 1987 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Cape Verde | None | None | [506][507] |
Cindy | September 5–10, 1987 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [508][509] |
Dennis | September 8–20, 1987 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [510][511] |
Alberto | August 5–8, 1988 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | None | None | [512][513] |
Beryl | August 8–10, 1988 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | United States Gulf Coast | $3 million | 1 | [514][515] |
Chris | August 21–29, 1988 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | The Caribbean, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | $2.2 million | 6 | [516][517] |
Ernesto | September 3–5, 1988 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | None | None | None | [518][519] |
Eleven | September 7–10, 1988 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Cape Verde | None | None | [520][521] |
Isaac | September 28 – October 1, 1988 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Trinidad and Tobago | Unknown | 2[522] | [523][524] |
Keith | November 17–24, 1988 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) | Central America, Florida | $7.3 million | None | [525][526] |
Allison | June 24–27, 1989 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Texas, Louisiana | $560 million | 11 | [527][528] |
Barry | July 9–14, 1989 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | None | None | None | [529][530] |
Iris | September 16–21, 1989 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | United States Virgin Islands | None | None | [531][532] |
Karen | November 28 – December 4, 1989 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Cuba | None | None | [533][534] |
Arthur | July 22–27, 1990 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Windward Islands, Greater Antilles | Mimimal | None | [535][536] |
Cesar | July 31 – August 7, 1990 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [537][538] |
Edouard | August 2–11, 1990 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Portugal | None | None | [539][540] |
Fran | August 11–14, 1990 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Windward Islands, Venezuela | Minimal | None | [541][542] |
Hortense | August 25–31, 1990 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | None | None | None | [543][544] |
Marco | October 9–12, 1990 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) | Florida, United States East Coast | $57 million | 12 | [545][546] |
Ana | July 2–5, 1991 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Southeastern United States | Minimal | None | [547][548] |
Danny | September 7–11, 1991 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | None | None | None | [549][550] |
Erika | September 8–12, 1991 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | None | None | None | [551][552] |
Fabian | October 15–16, 1991 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Cuba, Florida | Minimal | None | [553][554] |
Danielle | September 22–26, 1992 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | United States East Coast | Minor | 2 | [555][556] |
Earl | September 26 – October 3, 1992 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Florida, Georgia, North Carolina | None | None | [557][558] |
Arlene | June 18–21, 1993 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | El Salvador, Mexico, Texas, Louisiana | $60.8 million | 26 | [559][560] |
Bret | August 4–11, 1993 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Windward Islands, Venezuela, Colombia, Central America | $35.7 million | 213 | [561][562] |
Cindy | August 14–17, 1993 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Martinique, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico | $19 million | 4 | [563][564] |
Dennis | August 23–28, 1993 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [565][566] |
Alberto | June 30 – July 7, 1994 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | Florida, Georgia, Alabama | $1.03 billion | 32 | [567][568] |
Beryl | August 14–19, 1994 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Eastern United States | $74.22 million | 5 | [569][570] |
Debby | September 9–11, 1994 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | Leeward Islands | $115 million | 9 | [571][572] |
Ernesto | September 21–26, 1994 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | None | None | None | [573][574] |
Barry | July 5–10, 1995 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) | Atlantic Canada | None | None | [575][576] |
Chantal | July 12–20, 1995 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | None | None | None | [577][578] |
Dean | July 28 – August 2, 1995 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | Texas | $500 thousand | None | [579][580] |
Gabrielle | August 9–12, 1995 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | Mexico | Unknown | 6 | [581][582] |
Jerry | August 22–28, 1995 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Southeastern United States | $26.5 million | 6 | [583][584] |
Karen | August 26 – September 3, 1995 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [585][586] |
Pablo | October 4–8, 1995 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | None | None | None | [587][588] |
Sebastien | October 20–25, 1995 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico | None | None | [589][590] |
Arthur | June 17–21, 1996 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | North Carolina | $1 million | None | [591][592] |
Gustav | August 26 – September 2, 1996 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | None | None | None | [593][594] |
Josephine | October 4–8, 1996 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) | United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | $130 million | 3 | [595][596] |
Kyle | October 11–12, 1996 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Central America, Mexico | None | None | [597][598] |
Ana | June 30 – July 4, 1997 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [599][600] |
Claudette | July 13–16, 1997 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | United States East Coast | None | None | [601][602] |
Fabian | October 4–8, 1997 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Lesser Antilles | None | None | [603][604] |
Grace | October 16–17, 1997 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | United States Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola | $1.46 million | 1 | [605][606][607] |
Alex | July 27 – August 2, 1998 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | [608][609] |
Charley | August 21–24, 1998 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Louisiana, Texas, Mexico | $50 million | 13 | [610][611] |
Frances | September 8–13, 1998 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Mexico, United States Gulf Coast | $500 million | 2 | [612][613] |
Hermine | September 17–20, 1998 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama | Minor | None | [614][615] |
Arlene | June 11–18, 1999 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | Bermuda | Minimal | None | [616][617] |
Emily | August 24–28, 1999 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [618][619] |
Harvey | September 19–22, 1999 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Southeastern United States, Atlantic Canada | $22.6 million | None | [620][621] |
Katrina | October 28 – November 1, 1999 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Central America, Mexico | $9 thousand | None | [622][623] |
2000–present
[edit]Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Beryl | August 13–15, 2000 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Mexico, Texas | $27 million | 1 | [624][625] |
Chris | August 17–19, 2000 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) | None | None | None | [626][627] |
Ernesto | September 1–3, 2000 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) | None | None | None | [628] |
Helene | September 15–25, 2000 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Cuba, Isle of Youth, Eastern United States, Atlantic Canada | $16 million | 1 | [629] |
Leslie | October 4–7, 2000 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | Cuba, Bahamas, Florida, Bermuda, Atlantic Canada, Europe | $950 million | 3 | [630] |
Nadine | October 19–22, 2000 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | None | None | None | [631] |
Allison | June 5–17, 2001 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Gulf Coast of the United States, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada | $9 billion | 55 | [632] |
Barry | August 2–7, 2001 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Gulf Coast of the United States, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada | $30 million | 9 | [633] |
Chantal | August 14–22, 2001 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Windward Islands, Jamaica, Belize, Mexico | $3 million | 2 | [634] |
Dean | August 22–28, 2001 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, Lucayan Archipelago, Eastern Canada | $7.7 million | None | [635] |
Jerry | October 6–8, 2001 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Barbados, Windward Islands, Eastern Caribbean Sea | None | None | [636] |
Lorenzo | October 27–31, 2001 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | None | None | None | [637] |
Arthur | July 14–16, 2002 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Southeastern United States | Minimal | 1 | [638] |
Bertha | August 4–9, 2002 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Mississippi | $200 000 | 1 | [639] |
Cristobal | August 5–8, 2002 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Bermuda, New York | Minimal | 3 | [640] |
Edouard | September 1–6, 2002 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Florida | Minimal | None | [641] |
Fay | September 5–8, 2002 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Texas, Northern Mexico | $4.5 million | None | [642] |
Hanna | September 12–15, 2002 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | lorida, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, Southeast U.S., Mid-Atlantic | $20 million | 3 | [643] |
Josephine | September 17–19, 2002 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | None | None | None | [644] |
Ana | April 20–24, 2003 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Florida, Bermuda, Azores, British Isles | Minimal | 2 | [645] |
Bill | June 28 – July 2, 2003 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Mexico, Gulf Coast of the United States, Southeastern United State | $50.5 million | 4 | [646] |
Grace | August 30 – September 2, 2003 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Texas, Oklahoma, Ohio Valley, Mid-Atlantic State | $113 000 | None | [647] |
Henri | September 3–8, 2003 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Florida, Delaware, Pennsylvania | $19.6 million | None | [648] |
Larry | October 1–6, 2003 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | Central America | $53.6 million | 5 | [649] |
Mindy | October 10–14, 2003 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Gulf Coast of the United States, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada | $50.000 | None | [650] |
Nicholas | October 13–23, 2003 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | [651] |
Odette | December 4–7, 2003 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | Greater Antilles | $8 million | 10 | [652] |
Peter | December 7–11, 2003 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | [653] |
Bonnie | August 3–14, 2004 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | esser Antilles, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Cuba, Yucatán Peninsula, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maine | $1.27 million | 4 | [654] |
Earl | August 13–15, 2004 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1009 hPa (29.80 inHg) | Windward Islands | Minimal | 1 | [655] |
Hermine | August 27–31, 2004 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | New England (Massachusetts), Atlantic Canada | Minimal | None | [656] |
Matthew | October 8–10, 2004 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Gulf Coast of the United States, Midwestern United States, Great Plains | Minimal | None | [657] |
Otto | November 29 – December 3, 2004 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | None | None | None | [658] |
Arlene | June 8–13, 2005 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) | ucatán Peninsula, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Eastern United States, Eastern Canada | $11.8 million | 2 | [659] |
Bret | June 28–30, 2005 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Central Mexico | $9.3 million | 3 | [660] |
Franklin | July 21–29, 2005 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Bahamas, Bermuda, Newfoundland | None | None | [661] |
Gert | July 23–25, 2005 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Mexico | $6 million | 1 | [662] |
Harvey | August 2–8, 2005 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Bermuda | None | None | [663] |
Jose | August 22–23, 2005 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Eastern Mexico | $45 million | 16 | [664] |
Lee | August 28 – September 2, 2005 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | None | None | None | [665] |
Tammy | October 5–6, 2005 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Bahamas, Florida, Georgia, South Carolin | $30 million | 10 | [666] |
Alpha | October 22–24, 2005 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Hispaniola, Bahamas | Unknown | 26 | [667] |
Gamma | November 14–22, 2005 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Honduras, Beliz | $18 million | 39 | [668] |
Delta | November 22–28, 2005 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Canary Islands, Morocco, Algeria, parts of North Africa, Mediterranean Se | $364 million | 7 | [669] |
Zeta | December 30, 2005 – January 6, 2006 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | None | None | None | [670] |
Alberto | June 10–14, 2006 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Southeastern United States | $420.000 | 3 | [671] |
Beryl | July 18–21, 2006 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Long Island, Massachusetts, Atlantic Canada | Minimal | None | [672] |
Chris | August 1–4, 2006 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Turks & Caicos Islands, Hispaniola, Bahamas, eastern Cuba | Minimal | None | [673] |
Debby | August 21–26, 2006 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Cape Verde | None | None | [674] |
Barry | June 1–2, 2007 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | El Salvador, western Cuba, Florida, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada | $118.000 | 3 | [675] |
Chantal | July 31 – August 1, 2007 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | lorida, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, Southeast U.S., Mid-Atlantic | $24.3 million | None | [676] |
Erin | August 15–17, 2007 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | exas, Oklahoma, central United States | $248 million | 21 | [677] |
Gabrielle | September 8–11, 2007 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | North Carolina | Minimal | 1 | [678] |
Ingrid | September 12– 17, 2007 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | [679] |
Jerry | September 23–24, 2007 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | None | none | none | [680] |
Melissa | September 28–30, 2007 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | None | None | None | [681] |
Olga | December 11–13, 2007 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Yucatan Peninsula, central Florida | $45 million | 40 | [682] |
Arthur | May 31 – June 1, 2008 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | onduras, Belize, Mexico, Guatemala | $78 million | 9 | [683] |
Cristobal | July 19–23, 2008 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | lorida, The Carolinas, Atlantic Canada | None | $10.000 | [684] |
Edouard | August 3–6, 2008 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Gulf Coast of the United States | $800.000 | 6 | [685] |
Fay | August 15–27, 2008 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Cuba, Isle of Youth, Eastern United States, Atlantic Canada | $560 million | 36 | [686] |
Josephine | September 2–6, 2008 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Cabo Verde, Leeward Islands | Minimal | None | [687] |
Laura | September 29 – October 1, 2008 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Azores, Atlantic Canada, Greenland, Europe | Minimal | None | [688] |
Marco | October 6–7, 2008 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Mexico | Minimal | None | [689] |
Nana | October 12–14, 2008 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [690] |
Ana | August 11–16, 2009 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Cuba and The Bahama | Minimal | None | [691] |
Claudette | August 16–18, 2009 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Southeastern United States | $350.000 | 2 | [692] |
Danny | August 26–29, 2009 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | North Carolina, Northeastern United States and Atlantic Canad | Minimal | 1 | [693] |
Erika | September 1–3, 2009 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | esser Antilles, Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic | $35.000 | None | [694] |
Grace | October 4–6, 2009 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | zores, Portugal, Ireland, United Kingdom | Minimal | None | [11] |
Henri | October 6–8, 2009 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles | None | None | [695] |
Bonnie | July 22–24, 2010 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | uerto Rico, Hispaniola, Turks and Caicos, Bahamas, Florida | $1.36 million | 1 | [696] |
Colin | August 2–8, 2010 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Leeward Islands, Bermuda, The Carolinas and New England | Minimal | 1 | [697] |
Fiona | August 30 – September 3, 2020 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Leeward Islands, Bermuda | Minimal | None | [698] |
Gaston | September 1–2, 2010 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico | None | None | [699] |
Hermine | September 3–9, 2010 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) | Central America, Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas | $740 million | 102 | [700] |
Matthew | September 23–26, 2010 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Venezuela, Central America, Mexico, Jamaica | $171 million | 126 | [701] |
Nicole | September 28– 29, 2010 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Cayman Islands, Jamaica, Cuba, Florida, Bahamas, United States East Coas | $245 million | 20 | [702] |
Arlene | June 28 – July 1, 2011 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | Central America, Mexico, Gulf Coast of the United States | $223 million | 22 | [703] |
Bret | July 17–22, 2011 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Bahamas, Bermuda, East Coast of the United States | Minimal | None | [704] |
Cindy | July 20–22, 2011 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Bermuda | None | None | [705] |
Don | July 27–30, 2011 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Greater Antilles, Yucatán Peninsula, Northeastern Mexico | None | None | [706] |
Emily | August 2–7, 2011 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Antilles, Florida, Bahamas | $5 million | 5 | [707] |
Franklin | August 12–13, 2011 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Bermuda | None | None | [708] |
Gert | August 13–16, 2011 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Bermuda | None | None | [709] |
Harvey | August 19–22, 2011 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, Central America, East Mexico | Minimal | 5 | [710] |
Jose | August 27–29, 2011 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | Bermuda | None | None | [711] |
Lee | September 2–5, 2011 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | United States Gulf Coast and Eastern United States | $2.8 billion | 18 | [712] |
Sean | November 8–11, 2011 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) | Bermuda | Minimal | 1 | [713] |
Alberto | May 19–22, 2012 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Southeastern United States | Minimal | None | [714] |
Beryl | May 26–30, 2012 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Cuba, The Bahamas, Southeastern United States | Minimal | 3 | [715] |
Debby | June 23–27, 2012 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Cuba, Central America, Southeastern United States, Bermuda | $250 million | 8 | [716] |
Florence | August 3–6, 2012 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Cape Verde | None | None | [717] |
Helene | August 9–18, 2012 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Windward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, Central America, Mexico | $17 million | 2 | [718] |
Joyce | August 22–24, 2012 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | None | None | None | [719] |
Oscar | October 3–5, 2012 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | None | None | None | [720] |
Patty | 11–13, 2012 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | The Bahamas | None | None | [721] |
Tony | October 22–25, 2012 | 55 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [722] |
Andrea | June 5–7, 2013 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Yucatán Peninsula, Cuba, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | $86.000 | 4 | [723] |
Barry | June 17–20, 2013 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Central America, Mexico | $256 million | 5 | [724] |
Chantal | July 7–10, 2013 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles, US Virgin Islands, Haiti | $10 million | 1 | [725] |
Dorian | July 23 – August 3, 2013 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | The Bahamas, Florida | None | None | [726] |
Erin | August 15–18, 2013 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | Cape Verde | None | None | [727] |
Fernand | August 25–26, 2013 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Eastern Mexico | $1 million | 14 | [728] |
Gabrielle | September 4–13, 2013 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Bermuda, Atlantic Canada | Minimal | None | [729] |
Jerry | September 29 – October 3, 2013 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Azores | None | None | [730] |
Karen | October 3–6, 2013 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Yucatán Peninsula, Gulf Coast of the United States, Eastern United States | $18.000 | None | [731] |
Lorenzo | October 21–24, 2013 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [732] |
Melissa | November 18–21, 2013 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Azores | None | None | [733] |
Dolly | September 1–3, 2014 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Eastern and Northeastern Mexico, Texas | $22.2 million | 1 | [734] |
Tropical Storm Hanna | October 22–28, 2014 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Southeastern Mexico, Central America | Unknown | None | [735] |
Ana | May 8–11, 2015 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Southeastern United States | Minimal | 2 | [736] |
Bill | June 16–18, 2015 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Central America, Yucatán Peninsula, Southern and Midwestern United States, Northeastern United States, Atlantic Canada | $100 million | 9 | [737] |
Claudette | July 13–14, 2015 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | East Coast of the United States, Newfoundland | None | None | [738] |
Erika | August 25–29, 2015 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, Florida | $511 million | 35 | [739] |
Grace | September 5–9, 2015 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [740] |
Henri | September 8–11, 2015 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | None | None | None | [741] |
Ida | September 18–27, 2015 | 55 mph (85 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | None | None | None | [742] |
Bonnie | May 27 – June 4, 2016 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | The Bahamas, Southeastern United States | $640.000 | 2 | [743] |
Colin | June 5–7, 2016 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Yucatán Peninsula, Greater Antilles, East Coast of the United States | $1.04 million | 6 | [744] |
Danielle | June 19–21, 2016 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Yucatán Peninsula, Eastern Mexico | Minimal | 1 | [745] |
Fiona | August 16–23, 2016 | 55 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [746] |
Ian | September 12–16, 2016 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | None | none | None | [747] |
Julia | September 13– 18, 2016 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | The Bahamas, Southeastern United States | $6.1 million | None | [748] |
Karl | September 14–25, 2016 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | Cape Verde, Bermuda | Minimal | None | [749] |
Lisa | September 19–25, 2016 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | None | None | None | [750] |
Arlene | April 19–21, 2017 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | [751] |
Bret | June 19–20, 2017 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Venezuela, Windward Islands | $3 million | 2 | [752] |
Cindy | June 20–23, 2017 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | Central America, Yucatán Peninsula, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Southern United States, Eastern United States | $25 million | 3 | [753] |
Don | June 28 – July 2, 2003 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Windward Islands, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago | None | None | [754] |
Emily | July 30 – August 2, 2017 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Florida | $10 million | None | [755] |
Philippe | October 28–29, 2017 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Central America, Cayman Islands, Yucatán Peninsula, Cuba, East Coast of the United States | $100 million | 5 | [756] |
Rina | November 5– 9, 2017 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | None | None | None | [757] |
Alberto | May 25–31, 2018 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Yucatán Peninsula, Cuba, Eastern United States, Canad | $125 million | 18 | [758] |
Debby | August 7–9, 2018 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | None | None | None | [759] |
Ernesto | August 15–17, 2018 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Western Europe | None | None | [760] |
Gordon | September 3–6, 2018 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, Gulf Coast of the United States, Eastern United States, Ontario | $200 million | 4 | [761] |
Joyce | September 12– 18, 2018 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | None | None | None | [762] |
Kirk | August 13–15, 2004 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Barbados, Windward Islands, Guadeloupe | $6.2 million | 2 | [763] |
Nadine | October 9–12, 2018 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | None | None | None | [764] |
Chantal | August 20–23, 2019 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | None | None | None | [765] |
Erin | August 26–29, 2019 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Cuba, The Bahamas, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada | Minimal | None | [766] |
Fernand | September 3–5, 2019 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Northeastern Mexico, South Texas | $11.3 million | 1 | [767] |
Gabrielle | September 3– 10, 2019 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | None | None | None | [768] |
Imelda | September 17–19, 2019 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas | $5 billion | 7 | [769] |
Karen | September 22–27, 2019 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Windward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, US Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico | $3.5 million | None | [770] |
Melissa | October 11–14, 2019 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Southeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic States, New England, Atlantic Canada | $24.000 | None | [771] |
Nestor | October 18–19, 2019 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Central America, Yucatan Peninsula, Southeastern United States | $150 million | 3 | [772] |
Olga | October 25, 2019 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Central United States, Great Lakes region | $400 million | 2 | [773] |
Sebastien | November 19–24, 2019 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | Leeward Islands, Azores, British Isles | Minimal | None | [774] |
Arthur | May 16–19, 2020 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Southeastern United States, The Bahamas, Bermuda | $112.000 | None | [775] |
Bertha | May 27–28, 2020 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Southeastern United States, The Bahamas | $130.000 | 1 | [776] |
Cristobal | June 1–9, 2020 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | Central America, Mexico, Central United States, Great Lakes region, Northern Ontario | $665 million | 6 | [777] |
Dolly | June 22–24, 2020 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [778] |
Edouard | July 4–6, 2020 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Bermuda, southern Ireland, southern United Kingdom | Minimal | None | [779] |
Fay | July 9–11, 2020 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Eastern Southeastern United States, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada | $220 million | 6 | [780] |
Gonzalo | July 21–25, 2020 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Windward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela | Minimal | None | [781] |
Josephine | August 11–16, 2020 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [782] |
Kyle | August 14–15, 2020 | 55 mph (85 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | The Carolinas | None | None | [783] |
Omar | August 31 – September 5, 2020 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Southeastern United States, Bermuda | None | None | [784] |
Rene | September 7–14, 2020 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Cabo Verde | Minimal | None | [785] |
Vicky | September 14–17, 2020 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Cabo Verde | Minimal | 1 | [786] |
Wilfred | September 17–21, 2020 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | None | None | None | [787] |
Beta | September 17–22, 2020 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | Mexico, Gulf Coast of the United States | $225 million | 1 | [788] |
Theta | November 10–15, 2020 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) | Canary Islands, Madeira | Minimal | None | [789] |
Ana | May 22–23, 2021 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Bermuda | Minimal | None | [790] |
Bill | June 14–15, 2021 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada | None | None | [791] |
Claudette | June 19–22, 2021 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Oaxaca, Veracruz, Gulf Coast of the United States, Georgia, Carolinas, Atlantic Canada | $375 million | 14 | [792] |
Danny | June 27–29, 2021 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1009 hPa (29.80 inHg) | Southeastern United States | $5.000 | None | [793] |
Fred | August 11–17, 2021 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, Southeastern United States, Great Lakes region, Northeastern United States, Atlantic Canada | $1.3 billion | 7 | [794] |
Kate | August 28 – September 1, 2003 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [795] |
Julian | August 28–30, 2021 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | None | None | None | [796] |
Mindy | September 8–9, 2021 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Colombia, Central America, Mexico, Southeastern United State | $76 million | 23 | [797] |
Odette | September 17–18, 2021 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada | None | None | [798] |
Peter | September 19–22, 2021 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Hispaniola, Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico | $12.000 | None | [799] |
Rose | September 19–22, 2021 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [800] |
Victor | September 29 – October 4, 2021 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | None | None | None | [801] |
Wanda | October 30 – November 7, 2021 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) | East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada | $200 million | 2 | [802] |
Alex | June 5– 6, 2022 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | Yucatán Peninsula, Western Cuba, Florida, Northern Bahamas, Bermuda | $375 million | 4 | [803] |
Bonnie | July 1–2, 2022 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, ABC Islands, Venezuela, Colombia, San Andres Island, Costa Rica, Nicaragua | $25 million | 4 | [804] |
Colin | July 1–2, 2022 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1011 hPa (29.85 inHg) | Southeastern United States (South Carolina) | Minimal | 1 | [805] |
Gaston | September 20–25, 2022 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Azores | None | None | [806] |
Hermine | September 23–24, 2022 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Canary Islands | $9.8 million | None | [807] |
Karl | October 11–14, 2022 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Southern Mexico | $76.9 million | 3 | [808] |
Arlene | June 1–3, 2023 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | South Florida, Western Cuba | $50.000 | None | [809] |
Bret | June 19–24, 2023 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Windward Islands (mainly Barbados), Aruba, Colombia | $445.000 | None | [810] |
Cindy | June 22–26, 2023 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [811] |
Gert | August 19 – September 4, 2023 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | None | None | None | [812] |
Emily | August 20–21, 2023 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | None | None | None | [813] |
Harold | August 21–23, 2023 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Southwestern United States, Northern Mexico | $505.000 | 1 | [814] |
Jose | August 29 – September 1, 2023 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | None | none | None | [815] |
Katia | August 31 – September 4, 2023 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | None | none | None | [816] |
Ophelia | September 22–23, 2023 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) | East Coast of the United States | $450 million | None | [817] |
Philippe | September 23 – October 6, 2023 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Northern Leeward Islands, Bermuda | $3.4 million | None | [818] |
Rina | September 28 – October 1, 2023 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | None | None | None | [819] |
Sean | October 10–15, 2023 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | None | None | None | [820] |
Alberto | June 19–20, 2024 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Yucatán Peninsula, Northeastern Mexico, Texas, Louisiana | $179 million | 5 | [821] |
Chris | June 30 – July 1, 2024 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Yucatán Peninsula, Northeastern Mexico, Texas, Louisiana | $1 million | 6 | [822] |
Gordon | September 11–17, 2024 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Cape Verde | None | None | [823] |
Joyce | September 27–30, 2024 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | None | None | None | [824] |
Nadine | October 19 – 20, 2024 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras | Minimal | 5 | [825][826] |
Patty | November 2 – 4, 2024 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) | Azores | Unknown | None | [827][828] |
Sara | November 14 – 18, 2024 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Dominican Republic, Central America | Unknown | 4 | [829][830] |
Other systems
[edit]Michael Chenoweth
[edit]Climate researcher Michael Chenoweth has suggested that the following systems were tropical storms, however, they do not appear in the Atlantic hurricane database:[831]
Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Unnamed | August 1 – 7, 1851 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not Specified | Lesser Antilles | Unknown | Unknown | [832] |
Unnamed | August 28 – September 4, 1851 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | United States East Coast | Unknown | Unknown | [833] |
Unnamed | September 6 – 8, 1851 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas, Cuba, Florida, United States East Coast | Unknown | Unknown | [834] |
Unnamed | September 10 – 12, 1851 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [835] |
Unnamed | September 12 – 16, 1851 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Texas | Unknown | Unknown | [836] |
Unnamed | September 16 – 27, 1851 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [837] |
Unnamed | October 9 – 14, 1851 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | Northeastern United States, Atlantic Canada | Unknown | Unknown | [838] |
Unnamed | November 4 – 19, 1851 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas, Jamaica, Cuba | Unknown | Unknown | [839] |
Unnamed | August 28 – 31, 1852 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | United States East Coast | Unknown | Unknown | [840] |
Unnamed | September 2 – 6, 1852 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [841] |
Unnamed | September 21 – 24, 1852 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | Yucatán Peninsula | Unknown | Unknown | [842] |
Unnamed | September 28 – October 3, 1852 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Venezuela, Nicaragua | Unknown | Unknown | [843] |
Unnamed | November 26 – 27, 1852 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Florida | Unknown | Unknown | [844] |
Unnamed | August 3 – 5, 1853 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Florida | Unknown | Unknown | [845] |
Unnamed | August 25 – 27, 1853 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Jamaica | Unknown | Unknown | [846] |
Unnamed | August 26 – September 3, 1853 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | The Caribbean, Florida | Unknown | Unknown | [847] |
Unnamed | September 7–11, 1853 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Southeastern United States | Unknown | Unknown | [848] |
Unnamed | September 20 – 22, 1853 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [849] |
Unnamed | September 26 – 28, 1853 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | None | None | None | [850] |
Unnamed | September 9 – 15, 1854 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [851] |
Unnamed | October 5 – 15, 1854 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | Lesser Antilles | Unknown | Unknown | [852] |
Unnamed | November 4 – 5, 1854 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [853] |
Unnamed | July 24 – 25, 1855 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not Specified | Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [854] |
Unnamed | August 3 – 7, 1855 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Louisiana | Unknown | Unknown | [855] |
Unnamed | August 31 – September 2, 1855 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | [856] |
Unnamed | September 19 – 27, 1855 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | [857] |
Unnamed | November 3 – 8, 1855 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | None | None | None | [858] |
Unnamed | September 27 – October 1, 1856 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [859] |
Unnamed | October 13 – 16, 1856 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | Azores | Unknown | Unknown | [860] |
Unnamed | June 22 – 25, 1857 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Louisiana | Unknown | Unknown | [861] |
Unnamed | July 3 – 4, 1857 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not Specified | Florida | Unknown | Unknown | [862] |
Unnamed | September 7 – 16, 1857 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | Central America | Unknown | Unknown | [863] |
Unnamed | October 16 – 22, 1857 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [864] |
Unnamed | June 10 – 15, 1858 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [865] |
Unnamed | August 11 – 20, 1858 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Virginia | Unknown | Unknown | [866] |
Unnamed | October 16 – 20, 1858 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [867] |
Unnamed | November 14 – 18, 1858 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [868] |
Unnamed | August 23 – 25, 1859 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [869] |
Unnamed | September 28 – October 7, 1859 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [870] |
Unnamed | October 10 – 18, 1859 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas | Unknown | None | [871] |
Unnamed | November 8 – 15, 1859 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | Central America, Cuba, Florida | Unknown | None | [872] |
Unnamed | August 13 – 18, 1860 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [873] |
Unnamed | September 14 – 15, 1860 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [874] |
Unnamed[h] | July 20 – 25, 1861 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | North Carolina | Unknown | None | [875] |
Unnamed | July 28 – August 1, 1861 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Central America, Mexico | Unknown | None | [876] |
Unnamed | October 1 – 10, 1861 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Lesser Antilles | Unknown | None | [877] |
Unnamed | October 16 – 22, 1861 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Outer Banks | Unknown | None | [878] |
Unnamed | October 31 – November 3, 1861 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Southeastern United States | Unknown | None | [879] |
Unnamed[h] | May 26 – 30, 1862 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [880] |
Unnamed | July 7 – 8, 1862 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not Specified | Florida | Unknown | None | [881] |
Unnamed | July 16 – 18, 1862 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | Texas | Unknown | None | [882] |
Unnamed | August 24 – 25, 1862 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Mexico | Unknown | None | [883] |
Unnamed | September 12 – 18, 1862 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas, Southeastern United States | Unknown | None | [884] |
Unnamed | October 5 – 9, 1863 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [885] |
Unnamed | July 23 – 25, 1864 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not Specified | United States East Coast | Unknown | None | [886] |
Unnamed | August 26 – 31, 1864 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [887] |
Unnamed | August 29 – September 2, 1864 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Canary Islands | Unknown | None | [888] |
Unnamed | September 2 – 13, 1864 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Lesser Antilles, Hispaniola, The Bahamas | Unknown | None | [889] |
Unnamed | October 8 – 10, 1864 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Hispaniola, The Bahamas, Azores | Unknown | None | [890] |
Unnamed | August 26 – 30, 1865 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not Specified | Florida, The Bahamas | Unknown | None | [891] |
Unnamed | September 30 – October 4, 1865 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Cuba, Florida, The Bahamas, Newfoundland | Unknown | None | [892] |
Unnamed | October 8 – 13, 1865 | 55 mph (90 km/h) | Not Specified | Hispaniola | Unknown | None | [893] |
Unnamed | June 1 – 6, 1866 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | Louisiana | Unknown | None | [894] |
Unnamed | September 26 – 30, 1866 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas, North Carolina | Unknown | None | [895] |
Unnamed | July 19 – 20, 1867 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not Specified | Mexico | Unknown | None | [896] |
Unnamed | August 10 – 16, 1867 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Florida, United States East Coast | Unknown | None | [897] |
Unnamed | August 30 – September 1, 1867 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | North Carolina | Unknown | None | [898] |
Unnamed | September 15 – 17, 1867 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not Specified | Louisiana, Mississippi | Unknown | None | [899] |
Unnamed | September 24 - October 3, 1867 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [900] |
Subtropical storms
[edit]A subtropical storm is a cyclone with winds equivalent to a tropical storm, but without all the characteristics of a tropical cyclone. It is a type of subtropical cyclone. Such storms are usually weak, short-lived, form at mid-latitudes, and rarely affect land.[901]
In the Atlantic Ocean, subtropical storms often form, with an average rate of one per season.[901] Since they started being tracked in the 1960s, there have been 28 of them.[1] Subtropical storms started being named as a part of the regular season in 2002, though they were briefly given names from a different list in the 1970s.[901]
This list does not include subtropical hurricanes, which are included here, subtropical depressions, which are included here, or subtropical storms that later became tropical, which are included in the main list.
Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
One | September 29 – October 3, 1969 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Florida | None | None | [902][903] |
Alpha | May 23–29, 1972 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | American Southeast | $100,000 | 2 | [904][905] |
Charlie | September 19–21, 1972 | 65 mph (105 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | None | None | None | [906][432] |
Delta | November 1–7, 1972 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | None | None | None | [907][432] |
Alfa | July 30 – August 2, 1973 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | New England | None | None | [908][12] |
One | June 24–25, 1974 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Florida | $10 million | 3 | [909][910] |
Two | July 16–19, 1974 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | None | None | None | [911][437] |
Three | August 10–15, 1974 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | None | None | None | [912][437] |
Four | October 4–8, 1974 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | The Bahamas, Florida | $600,000 | None | [913][437] |
Two | December 9–13, 1975 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None | [914][441] |
One | May 21–25, 1976 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Florida | $628,000 | None | [915][444] |
Three | September 13–17, 1976 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1011 hPa (29.85 inHg) | American Southeast | None | None | [916][444] |
One | January 18–23, 1978 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | [917][449] |
Three | November 12–17, 1981 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) | U.S. East Coast | None | None | [918][919] |
One | June 18–20, 1982 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | Florida, U.S. East Coast | $10 million | 3 | [920][921] |
One | August 18–21, 1984 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [922][923] |
One | April 21–24, 1992 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | [924][925] |
Unnumbered | June 1–2, 1997 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | None | None | None | [926][927] |
Unnamed | October 25–29, 2000 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | New England, Atlantic Canada | None | None | [928] |
Nicole | October 10–11, 2004 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | Bermuda, Atlantic Canada, New England | None | None | [929] |
Unnamed | October 4–5, 2005 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Azores | none | None | [930] |
Andrea | May 9–11, 2007 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Virginia, Southeastern U.S., Bahamas | Minimal | 6 | [931] |
Unnamed | December 5–7, 2013 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Azores | None | None | [932] |
Andrea | May 20–21, 2019 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | Bermuda | None | None | [933] |
Rebekah | October 30 – November 1, 2019 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) | Azores | None | None | [934] |
Alpha | September 17–19, 2020 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Portugal, Spain | $24.2 million | 1 | [935] |
Teresa | September 24–25, 2021 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) | Bermuda | None | None | [936] |
Unnamed | January 16–17, 2023 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | New England, Atlantic Canada | None | None | [937] |
- Statistics
Month | Number of storms |
---|---|
January | |
February | |
March | |
April | |
May | |
June | |
July | |
August | |
September | |
October | |
November | |
December |
Landfalls
[edit]This table includes all tropical storms from 1851 onward that are verified by HURDAT to have made landfall. Tropical storms that are not marked as having made landfall are omitted.
1800s
[edit]Name | Year | Tropical storm | Tropical depression | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Six | 1851 | Rhode Island (October 19) | – | [1] |
Three | 1856 | North Carolina (August 19) | – | [1] |
Seven | 1859 | Florida (October 17) | – | [1] |
Seven | 1861 | North Carolina (October 7) | – | [1] |
Six | 1863 | North Carolina (September 18) | – | [1] |
Nine | 1863 | Texas (September 29) | – | [1] |
Two | 1865 | Texas (June 30) | – | [1] |
Seven | 1865 | Louisiana (September 7) | – | [1] |
Two | 1868 | Florida (October 4) | – | [1] |
One | 1871 | Texas (June 4) | – | [1] |
Two | 1871 | Texas (June 9) | – | [1] |
One | 1872 | Louisiana (July 11), Mississippi (July 11) | – | [1] |
One | 1873 | Florida (June 2) | – | [1] |
Four | 1873 | Florida (September 23) | – | [1] |
One | 1874 | Texas (July 4) | – | [1] |
Four | 1875 | Florida (September 27) | – | [1] |
Seven | 1877 | Florida (October 26) | – | [1] |
One | 1878 | Florida (July 2) | – | [1] |
Five | 1879 | Louisiana (October 7) | – | [1] |
Six | 1879 | Florida (October 16) | – | [1] |
One | 1880 | Texas (June 24) | – | [1] |
One | 1881 | Mississippi (August 3) | – | [1] |
Two | 1881 | Texas (August 13) | – | [1] |
Three | 1882 | Louisiana (September 15) | – | [1] |
Four | 1882 | North Carolina (September 22), New Jersey (September 24) | – | [1] |
Three | 1885 | Florida (August 30) | – | [1] |
Eight | 1885 | Florida (October 11) | – | [1] |
Three | 1887 | Mississippi (June 14) | – | [1] |
Sixteen | 1887 | Florida (October 30) | – | [1] |
Two | 1888 | Texas (July 5) | – | [1] |
Five | 1888 | Florida (September 8) | – | [1] |
Nine | 1889 | Florida (October 5), Florida (October 6) | – | [1] |
Two | 1890 | Louisiana (August 27) | – | [1] |
Seven | 1891 | Florida (October 7) | – | [1] |
One | 1892 | Florida (June 10) | – | [1] |
Four | 1892 | Louisiana (September 12) | – | [1] |
Nine | 1892 | Florida (October 24) | – | [1] |
Eleven | 1893 | North Carolina (October 23), Delaware (October 23) | – | [1] |
Two | 1894 | Alabama (August 7) | – | [1] |
One | 1895 | Louisiana (August 15), Alabama (August 16) | – | [1] |
Four | 1895 | Texas (October 7) | – | [1] |
Six | 1895 | Florida (October 16) | – | [1] |
Three | 1897 | Florida (September 21), North Carolina (September 23), New York (September 24), Connecticut (September 24) | – | [1] |
Six | 1897 | North Carolina (October 25) | – | [1] |
Five | 1898 | Louisiana (September 20) | – | [1] |
Six | 1898 | Texas (September 28) | – | [1] |
One | 1899 | Texas (June 27) | – | [1] |
Six | 1899 | Florida (October 5) | – | [1] |
1900s
[edit]Name | Year | Tropical storm | Tropical depression | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Four | 1900 | Louisiana (September 13), Mississippi (September 13) | – | [1] |
Six | 1900 | Florida (October 12) | – | [1] |
One | 1901 | Florida (June 13) | – | [1] |
Two | 1901 | Texas (July 10) | – | [1] |
Ten | 1901 | Florida (September 28) | – | [1] |
One | 1902 | Florida (June 14) | – | [1] |
Six | 1904 | Florida (November 3) | – | [1] |
Three | 1905 | Louisiana (September 29) | – | [1] |
Five | 1905 | Louisiana (October 9) | – | [1] |
One | 1906 | Florida (June 12) | – | [1] |
One | 1907 | Florida (June 28) | – | [1] |
Two | 1907 | Mississippi (September 21) | – | [1] |
Three | 1907 | Florida (September 28) | – | [1] |
Four | 1908 | Louisiana (July 31) | – | [1] |
Five | 1908 | North Carolina (September 1) | – | [1] |
Three | 1909 | Florida (June 28), Florida (June 30) | – | [1] |
Eight | 1909 | Florida (August 29) | – | [1] |
One | 1912 | Louisiana (June 13) | – | [1] |
Two | 1912 | Georgia (July 15) | – | [1] |
One | 1914 | Florida (September 17) | – | [1] |
2000s
[edit]Name | Year | Tropical storm | Tropical depression | Refs |
---|
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ This total does not include subtropical storms.
- ^ The United States Air Force identified One by the next name on the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet, which was Baker. The name was not known to the public until after the season.[249]
- ^ The United States Air Force identified Five by the next name on the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet, which was Fox. The name was not known to the public until after the season.[249]
- ^ The United States Air Force identified Six by the next name on the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet, which was How. The name was not known to the public until after the season.[249]
- ^ The United States Air Force identified Seven by the next name on the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet, which was Item. The name was not known to the public until after the season.[249]
- ^ The United States Air Force identified Four by the next name on the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet, which was Baker. The name was not known to the public until after the season.[261]
- ^ HURDAT does not give the system a name, calling it simply AL14.[1] IBTRACS echoes this.[304] However, the reanalysis project gives the storm the name Irene, though its records of the storm call it "Not Named".[63] This article uses Fourteen.
- ^ a b Chenoweth identified this storm as subtropical.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2024. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Landsea, Chris (April 2022). "The revised Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT2) - Chris Landsea – April 2022" (PDF). Hurricane Research Division – NOAA/AOML. Miami: Hurricane Research Division – via Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory.
- ^ "International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
- ^ a b Schott, Timothy; Landsea, Christopher W; Hafale, Gene; Lorens, Jeffrey; Taylor, Arthur; Thurm, Harvey; Ward, Bill; Willis, Mark; Zaleski, Walt (February 1, 2012). "The Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale" (PDF). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-12-13. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
- ^ Landsea, Christopher W (April 21, 2006). "TCFAQ D4) What does "maximum sustained wind" mean? How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2014-10-09. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
- ^ Landsea, Christopher W (June 1, 2018). "TCFAQ F1) What regions around the globe have tropical cyclones and who is responsible for forecasting there?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on November 13, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
- ^ "Hurricanes: Frequently Asked Questions". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. June 1, 2023. Retrieved July 30, 2023.
- ^ Dorst, Neal (June 2, 2016). "TCFAQ G1) When is hurricane season?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on May 6, 2009. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
- ^ Landsea, Christopher W (2014). "TCFAQ A15) How do tropical cyclones form?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on August 27, 2009. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
- ^ Christopher A. Davis & Lance F. Bosart (November 2003). "Baroclinically Induced Tropical Cyclogenesis". Monthly Weather Review. 131 (11). American Meteorological Society: 2730. Bibcode:2003MWRv..131.2730D. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2730:BITC>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.
- ^ Marc C. Cove, James J. O'Brien, et al. Effect of El Niño on U.S. Landfalling Hurricanes, Revisited. Retrieved on 2006-10-28.
- ^ a b Robbie Berg (28 November 2009). "Tropical Storm Grace Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Paul J. Herbert; Neil L. Frank (January 28, 1974). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1973" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
- ^ National Hurricane Center. "Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Delta" (PDF). NOAA. Retrieved 2006-05-29.
- ^ "1851 Tropical Storm Not Named (1851192N12300)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "1851 Tropical Storm Not Named (1851256N33287)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "1851 Tropical Storm Not Named (1851289N29282)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "1853 Tropical Storm Not Named (1853218N33291)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "1853 Tropical Storm Not Named (1853223N12300)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "1853 Tropical Storm Not Named (1853265N20265)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "1853 Tropical Storm Not Named (1853272N15323)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "1854 Tropical Storm Not Named (1854236N33305)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "1854 Tropical Storm Not Named (1854293N25292)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "1855 Tropical Storm Not Named (1855236N12304)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1856 Tropical Storm Not Named (1856232N33285)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1856 Tropical Storm Not Named (1856235N23278)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1857 Tropical Storm Not Named (1857181N34286)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1859 Tropical Storm Not Named (1859289N25285)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1860 Tropical Storm Not Named (1860262N22294)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1861 Tropical Storm Not Named (1861279N20314)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1861 Tropical Storm Not Named (1861281N35285)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1862 Tropical Storm Not Named (1862166N32284)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1862 Tropical Storm Not Named (1862166N32284)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1862 Tropical Storm Not Named (1862326N11280)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1863 Tropical Storm Not Named (1863259N25280)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "The Equinoctial Storm–A Flood on the Lehigh and Delaware Rivers". The Baltimore Sun. Easton, Pennsylvania. September 19, 1863. p. 1. Retrieved November 7, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "1863 Tropical Storm Not Named (1863262N23264)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1863 Tropical Storm Not Named (1863270N21267)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k David M. Roth (April 8, 2010). "Louisiana Hurricane History" (PDF). Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved August 6, 2022.
- ^ "1863 Tropical Storm Not Named (1863270N21267)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1864 Tropical Storm Not Named (1864208N24271)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 7, 2022.
- ^ "1864 Tropical Storm Not Named (1864249N33288)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
- ^ "1865 Tropical Storm Not Named (1865150N13280)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ José Fernández Partagás (2003). "Year 1865" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ^ a b Hurricane Research Division (2011). "Continental United States Tropical Storms: 1851–1930, 1983–2010". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2011-06-09.
- ^ "1865 Tropical Storm Not Named (1865232N30282)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1865 Tropical Storm Not Named (1865250N30268)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1866 Tropical Storm Not Named (1866302N33285)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1867 Tropical Storm Not Named (1867252N17302)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1867 Tropical Storm Not Named (1867283N18297)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1868 Tropical Storm Not Named (1868275N27265)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1869 Tropical Storm Not Named (1869244N28287)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1869 Tropical Storm Not Named (1869258N16317)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1869 Tropical Storm Not Named (1869275N17293)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1870 Tropical Storm Not Named (1870244N16332)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l David M. Roth (17 January 2010). Texas Hurricane History (PDF) (Report). National Weather Service Southern Region Headquarters. pp. 19–20. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
- ^ Al Sandrik & Chris Landsea (2003). "Chronological Listing of Tropical Cyclones affecting North Florida and Coastal Georgia 1565–1899". Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on 6 December 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
- ^ Jose Fernández-Partagás and Henry F. Diaz (1995). A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources 1851-1880 Part II: 1871-1880 (PDF). Climate Diagnostics Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - ^ Mújica-Baker, Frank. Huracanes y Tormentas que han afectadi a Puerto Rico (PDF). Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, Agencia Estatal para el manejo de Emergencias y Administracion de Desastres. p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 1, 2015. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ Chenoweth, Michael (December 2014). "A New Compilation of North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1851–98". Journal of Climate. 27 (12). American Meteorological Society: 8674–8685. Bibcode:2014JCli...27.8674C. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00771.1.
- ^ David Roth & Hugh Cobb. "Virginia Hurricane History". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on January 8, 2008. Retrieved January 14, 2008.
- ^ a b c Hudgins, James E. (2000). "Tropical cyclones affecting North Carolina since 1586 - An Historical Perspective" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
- ^ a b c d e f g h José Fernandez-Partagas. Year 1887 in the Atlantic (PDF) (Report).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd Chris Landsea (May 2015). "Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
- ^ "Meteorological record of voluntary observers, &c" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 16 (7). Washington, D.C.: 181–184 1888. Bibcode:1888MWRv...16..181.. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1888)16[181:MROVOC]2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
- ^ United States Army Corps of Engineers (1945). Storm Total Rainfall In The United States. War Department. p. SA 3–2.
- ^ a b Jose F. Partagas (1996). Year 1890 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). Virginia Key, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. pp. 41–48. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Fernández-Partagás, José; Diaz, Henry F. (1997). A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources Part IV: 1891-1900. Boulder, Colorado: Climate Diagnostics Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
- ^ "Great Damage by Floods in Cuba". Chicago Tribune. Matanzas, Cuba. June 13, 1892. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
- ^ "The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration.
- ^ "The floods in Montserrat". The Times. January 13, 1897. Retrieved February 15, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Disasters in Montserrat". The Guardian. December 28, 1896. p. 6. Retrieved February 15, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d e f Jose Fernandez Partagas and Henry F. Diaz (1996). Year 1898 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e Jose F. Partagas (1996). Year 1899 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. pp. 39–53. Retrieved May 22, 2013.
- ^ 1899 Storm 7 (XLS). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). Virginia Key, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
- ^ "1900 Tropical Storm Not Named (1900254N20275)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1900 Tropical Storm Not Named (1900277N21299)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ 1900-5 (Report). Environment Canada. November 20, 2009. Archived from the original on July 3, 2013. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1900 Tropical Storm Not Named (1900277N21299)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1900 Tropical Storm Not Named (1900297N15296)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1901 Tropical Storm Not Named (1901162N19278)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
- ^ "Disastrous Storm in Haiti". The New York Times. July 8, 1901. p. 5. Retrieved August 9, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "1901 Tropical Storm Not Named (1901183N09306)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
- ^ "1901 Tropical Storm Not Named (1901231N12307)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
- ^ "1901 Tropical Storm Not Named (1901255N11332)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
- ^ "1901 Tropical Storm Not Named (1901264N14287)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
- ^ "1901 Tropical Storm Not Named (1901278N12309)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
- ^ "1901 Tropical Storm Not Named (1901288N21280)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
- ^ "1902 Tropical Storm Not Named (1902164N18276)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
- ^ "1902 Tropical Storm Not Named (1902305N20293)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
- ^ "1903 Tropical Storm Not Named (1903262N21288)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1903 Tropical Storm Not Named (1903278N26288)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1903 Tropical Storm Not Named (1903262N21288)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1904 Tropical Storm Not Named (1904293N26315)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1904 Tropical Storm Not Named (1904306N20269)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1905 Tropical Storm Not Named (1905250N12302)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1905 Tropical Storm Not Named (1905255N20309)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1905 Tropical Storm Not Named (1905267N18276)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1905 Tropical Storm Not Named (1905278N23271)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ a b Fernández-Partagás, José; Diaz, Henry F. (1997). A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources (part 1) (PDF). Boulder, Colorado: Climate Diagnostics Center, NOAA. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
- ^ a b c Fernández-Partagás, José; Diaz, Henry F. (1997). A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources (part 2) (PDF). Boulder, Colorado: Climate Diagnostics Center, NOAA. Retrieved 2011-10-23.
- ^ United States Army Corps of Engineers (1945). Storm Total Rainfall In The United States. War Department. p. LMV 3–14.
- ^ a b Jose Fernandez Partagas & Henry F. Diaz (1997). Year 1908 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). Miami: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
- ^ a b Jose Fernandez Partagas & Henry F. Diaz (1997). Year 1908 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
- ^ "1909 Tropical Storm Not Named (1909166N11278)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1909 Tropical Storm Not Named (1909178N21288)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1909 Tropical Storm Not Named (1909218N17281)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1909 Tropical Storm Not Named (1909234N23274)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1909 Tropical Storm Not Named (1909240N24287)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1909 Tropical Storm Not Named (1909267N22277)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1910 Tropical Storm Not Named (1910235N15298)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1910 Tropical Storm Not Named (1910239N27268)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1911 Tropical Storm Not Named (1911217N31274)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1911 Tropical Storm Not Named (1911259N34305)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1911 Tropical Storm Not Named (1911299N23285)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1912 Tropical Storm Not Named (1912160N28272)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1912 Tropical Storm Not Named (1912195N25286)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1912 Tropical Storm Not Named (1912160N28272)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1913 Tropical Storm Not Named (1913227N32292)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1913 Tropical Storm Not Named (1913239N13339)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1914 Tropical Storm Not Named (1914258N25284)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1915 Tropical Storm Not Named (1915263N26297)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
- ^ "1916 Tropical Storm Not Named (1916135N21280)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
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{{cite journal}}
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- ^ "1955 Tropical Storm Brenda (1955212N28273)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 1, 2022.
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- ^ "1955 Tropical Storm Not Named (1955238N25275)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 1, 2022.
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- ^ "1956 Tropical Storm Not Named (1956164N20269)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
- ^ "1956 Tropical Storm Carla (1956251N25285)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
- ^ "1956 Tropical Storm Dora (1956254N20269)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
- ^ "1956 Tropical Storm Ethel (1956256N24284)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
- ^ "1956 Tropical Storm Not Named (1956283N15314)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
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- ^ "1957 Tropical Storm Bertha (1957220N27273)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
- ^ "1957 Tropical Storm Debbie (1957250N24270)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
- ^ "1957 Tropical Storm Esther (1957259N21267)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
- ^ "1957 Tropical Storm Not Named (1957296N23302)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
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- ^ "1958 Tropical Storm Alma (1958165N21266)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
- ^ a b c "The Hurricane Season of 1958" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 86 (12). Miami Weather Bureau Office: 477–485. December 1958. Bibcode:1958MWRv...86..477.. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1958)086<0477:thso>2.0.co;2. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
- ^ "1958 Tropical Storm Becky (1958221N17340)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
- ^ "1958 Tropical Storm Gerda (1958257N17293)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
- ^ "1958 Tropical Storm Not Named (1958289N21291)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
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- ^ a b c d Dunn, Gordon E. (1959). "The Hurricane Season of 1959". Monthly Weather Review. 87 (12): 441–450. Bibcode:1959MWRv...87..441D. doi:10.1175/1520-0493-87.12.441 (inactive 2 December 2024). S2CID 124901540.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2024 (link) - ^ "1959 Tropical Storm Beulah (1959167N21265)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
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- ^ "1961 Tropical Storm Inga (1961290N20282)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
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- ^ "1962 Tropical Storm Celia (1962255N16314)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
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- ^ "1963 Tropical Storm Helena (1963298N15302)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
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- ^ "1964 Tropical Storm Not Named (1964205N34279)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
- ^ "1964 Tropical Storm Abby (1964219N27272)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
- ^ "1964 Tropical Storm Brenda (1964221N33293)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
- ^ "1964 Tropical Storm Florence (1964249N15342)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
- ^ "1964 Tropical Storm Not Named (1964310N12280)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
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- ^ "1965 Tropical Storm Not Named (1965247N36306)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
- ^ "1965 Tropical Storm Debbie (1965268N17275)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
- ^ "1965 Tropical Storm Not Named (1965272N32285)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
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- ^ "1965 Tropical Storm Not Named (1965331N26302)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
- ^ "1966 Tropical Storm Not Named (1966180N20278)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
- ^ a b c d Arnold L. Sugg (March 1967). The Hurricane Season of 1966 (PDF). National Hurricane Center; Weather Bureau (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
- ^ "1966 Tropical Storm Ella (1966204N10325)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
- ^ "1966 Tropical Storm Greta (1966245N14312)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
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- ^ "1966 Tropical Storm Hallie (1966264N22265)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
- ^ "1966 Tropical Storm Judith (1966270N11317)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
- ^ "1966 Tropical Storm Kendra (1966277N14338)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
- ^ "1966 Tropical Storm Not Named (1966318N31333)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
- ^ "1966 Tropical Storm Not Named (1966324N23308)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
- ^ "1967 Tropical Storm Not Named (1967167N29286)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
- ^ a b c Arnold L. Sugg; Joseph M. Pelissier (April 1968). "The Hurricane Season of 1967" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 96 (4): 242–250. Bibcode:1968MWRv...96..242S. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1968)096<0242:THSO>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
- ^ "1967 Tropical Storm Not Named (1967171N30282)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 13, 2022.
- ^ "1967 Tropical Storm Not Named (1967245N15335)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 13, 2022.
- ^ "1967 Tropical Storm Not Named (1967268N12333)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 13, 2022.
- ^ "1967 Tropical Storm Edith (1967270N13313)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 13, 2022.
- ^ "1967 Tropical Storm Ginger (1967279N17342)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 13, 2022.
- ^ "1967 Tropical Storm Not Named (1967287N27289)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 13, 2022.
- ^ "1968 Tropical Storm Candy (1968174N20265)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 13, 2022.
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- ^ "1968 Tropical Storm Not Named (1968254N32282)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
- ^ "1968 Tropical Storm Edna (1968258N15330)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
- ^ "1968 Tropical Storm Frances (1968268N26287)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
- ^ "1969 Tropical Storm Anna (1969206N09333)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
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- ^ "1969 Tropical Storm Eve (1969237N29281)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
- ^ "1969 Tropical Storm Not Named (1969267N41325)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
- ^ "1969 Tropical Storm Jenny (1969275N19276)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
- ^ "1969 Tropical Storm Not Named (1969302N31318)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
- ^ "1970 Tropical Storm Becky (1970200N19277)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 20, 2022.
- ^ a b c d Robert H. Simpson; Joseph M. Pelissier (April 1971). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1970" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 99 (4): 269–277. Bibcode:1971MWRv...99..269S. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1971)099<0269:AHSO>2.3.CO;2. Retrieved November 20, 2022.
- ^ "1970 Tropical Storm Dorothy (1970230N12316)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 20, 2022.
- ^ "1970 Tropical Storm Not Named (1970247N17316)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 20, 2022.
- ^ "1970 Tropical Storm Felice (1970255N25283)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 20, 2022.
- ^ "1970 Tropical Storm Not Named (1970263N27305)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 20, 2022.
- ^ "1970 Tropical Storm Greta (1970270N22285)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 22, 2022.
- ^ "1970 Tropical Storm Not Named (1970330N35300)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
- ^ "1971 Tropical Storm Arlene (1971186N34285)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g R. H. Simpson; John R. Hope (April 1972). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1971" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 100 (4): 256–267. Bibcode:1972MWRv..100..256S. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1972)100<0256:AHSO>2.3.CO;2. S2CID 119771736. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
- ^ "1971 Tropical Storm Chloe (1971231N13308)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
- ^ "1971 Tropical Storm Doria (1971233N12313)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
- ^ "1971 Tropical Storm Heidi (1971254N27288)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
- ^ "1971 Tropical Storm Janice (1971264N12321)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
- ^ "1971 Tropical Storm Kristy (1971291N25302)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
- ^ "1971 Tropical Storm Laura (1971317N12282)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
- ^ "1972 Tropical Storm Carrie (1972243N29282)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
- ^ a b c R. H. Simpson; Paul J. Herbert (April 1973). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1972" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2011. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
- ^ "1973 Tropical Storm Christine (1973238N11346)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
- ^ "1973 Tropical Storm Delia (1973245N21274)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
- ^ "1973 Tropical Storm Gilda (1973289N16278)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
- ^ "1974 Tropical Storm Alma (1974225N11317)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 25, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f John R. Hope (1975). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1974". National Hurricane Center. 103 (4). American Meteorological Society: 285–293. Bibcode:1975MWRv..103..285H. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1975)103<0285:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved November 25, 2022.
- ^ "1974 Tropical Storm Dolly (1974246N27292)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 25, 2022.
- ^ "1974 Tropical Storm Elaine (1974248N15310)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 25, 2022.
- ^ "1975 Tropical Storm Amy (1975178N28281)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 25, 2022.
- ^ a b c Paul J. Hebert (April 1976). Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1975 (PDF). Monthly Weather Review (Report). American Meteorological Society. Retrieved November 25, 2022.
- ^ "1975 Tropical Storm Hallie (1975298N29281)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 26, 2022.
- ^ "1976 Tropical Storm Anna (1976211N28308)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 26, 2022.
- ^ a b c d Miles B. Lawrence (1977). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1976" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. 105. American Meteorological Society: 497–507. Retrieved November 26, 2022.
- ^ "1976 Tropical Storm Hallie (1976231N26276)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 26, 2022.
- ^ "1977 Tropical Storm Frieda (1977290N17277)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 26, 2022.
- ^ Miles B. Lawrence (April 1978). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1977" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 106 (4). National Hurricane Center: 534. Bibcode:1978MWRv..106..534L. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1978)106<0534:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved November 26, 2022.
- ^ "1978 Tropical Storm Amelia (1978212N26263)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g Miles B. Lawrence (April 1979). Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1978 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 23, 2008. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
- ^ "1978 Tropical Storm Bess (1978218N25270)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
- ^ "1978 Tropical Storm Debra (1978239N23272)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
- ^ "1978 Tropical Storm Hope (1978255N30280)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
- ^ "1978 Tropical Storm Irma (1978276N32329)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
- ^ "1978 Tropical Storm Juliet (1978281N18304)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
- ^ "1979 Tropical Storm Ana (1979171N10315)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
- ^ a b c Neil L. Frank and Gilbert B. Clark (July 1980). "Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1979". Monthly Weather Review. 108 (7): 967, 971–972. Bibcode:1980MWRv..108..966F. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<0966:ATSO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
- ^ "1979 Tropical Storm Claudette (1979197N13314)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
- ^ "1979 Tropical Storm Elena (1979242N26271)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
- ^ "1980 Tropical Storm Danielle (1980249N28269)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
- ^ a b Lawrence, Miles B; Pelissier, Joseph M (1981). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1980". Monthly Weather Review. 109 (7): 1567. Bibcode:1981MWRv..109.1567L. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1981)109<1567:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.
- ^ "1980 Tropical Storm Hermine (1980265N15283)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
- ^ "1981 Tropical Storm Arlene (1981127N18276)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
- ^ Joseph M. Pelissier (1981). "Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Arlene: May 6–9, 1981". National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
- ^ "1981 Tropical Storm Bret (1981181N36295)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
- ^ Miles B. Lawrence (July 11, 1981). "Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Bret: 29 June – 1 July 1981". National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
- ^ "1981 Tropical Storm Cindy (1981215N36292)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
- ^ John R. Hope. "Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Cindy: August 2–5, 1981". National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
- ^ "1981 Tropical Storm Jose (1981303N25313)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
- ^ Miles B. Lawrence (November 16, 1981). "Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Jose: October 29 – November 1, 1981". National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
- ^ "1982 Tropical Storm Beryl (1982241N14338)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
- ^ National Hurricane Center (1983). "Tropical Storm Beryl Preliminary Report, Page One". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 19, 2008. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
- ^ "1982 Tropical Storm Chris (1982252N26269)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
- ^ Gilbert B. Clark (September 27, 1982). "Tropical Storm Chris Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
- ^ "1982 Tropical Storm Ernesto (1982274N25295)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
- ^ Miles B. Lawrence (October 13, 1982). Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Ernesto (Report). National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
- ^ "1983 Tropical Storm Dean (1983270N28287)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
- ^ Miles B. Lawrence (October 14, 1983). "Tropical Storm Dean Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 2, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
- ^ "1984 Tropical Storm Arthur (1984242N11309)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ Gilbert B. Clark (1984). "Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Arthur: 28 August to 5 September 1984". National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ "1984 Tropical Storm Bertha (1984244N13319)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Bertha: 30 August to 4 September (Report). National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ "1984 Tropical Storm Cesar (1984244N37293)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Cesar: 31 August to 02 September 1984 (Report). National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ "1984 Tropical Storm Edouard (1984258N20264)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ "Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Edouard – 13 to 15 September 1984". National Hurricane Center. 1984. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ "1984 Tropical Storm Fran (1984260N14339)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ Gilbert B. Clark (1984). Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Fran: 15–20 September, 1984 (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ "1984 Tropical Storm Gustav (1984261N29295)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ Gilbert B. Clark (1984). Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Gustav: 16–19 September, 1984 (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ "1984 Tropical Storm Isidore (1984261N29295)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
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