User:Cicognac
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Happy editing! MinorProphet (talk) 19:43, 19 November 2020 (UTC)
Welcome again
[edit]Hi, Cicognac,
Many many moons ago I timidly started editing on Wikipedia. It takes a very long time to feel confident here. Do tiny things to start with, don't make a fuss. Be prepared to have your ideas shot down in flames, crash and burn. In general, try not to get involved in controversial subjects. The swift way to fame is: Reliable Sources and References. There is no single preferred way to create a reference on WP, which is one of its overriding faults. As they all say, trying to create your first article is the almost the hardest thing you can do on WP. If you enjoy dispute, there is no shortage of other editors who will doubt you and your sources. The talk pages will determine whether you can hold your point of view, backed up by reliable sources. These days I feel I can cope with anything that any WP editor can throw at me. It was not always the case, but then I've been here since 2008. Feel free to ask me anything about WP, I certainly don't pretend to have all the answers. My talk page is here. Best of luck. MinorProphet (talk) 19:43, 19 November 2020 (UTC)
Sandbox
[edit]https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%92%84%BF%F0%92%8C%91%F0%92%83%B7#Hittite
Personal pronouns (nominative case)
[edit]| Pronoun | PIE | PC |
|---|---|---|
| I | *éǵ > *me [acc.] | *mī |
| You | *túh₂ | *tū |
| He | *ís | *se |
| She | *só [m.] > *séh₂ [f.] > variant *sih₂ | *sī |
| It | *íd | *ed |
| We | *wéy > *nos [acc.] > variant *nēs | *snīs; *snīsnīs |
| You (all) | *yū́ > *wos [acc.] > variant *wēs | *swīs; *swīswīs |
| They (m.) | *éyes | *eyes |
Three examples of verbs
[edit](The following examples lack the dual plural and are conjugated in the present tense)
| Pronoun | PIE | PC |
|---|---|---|
| I | *bʰéroh₂ | *berū |
| You | *bʰéresi | *beresi |
| He, she, it | *bʰéreti | *bereti |
| We | *bʰéromos | *beromosi |
| You (all) | *bʰérete | *beretesi |
| They | *bʰéronti | *beronti |
| Pronoun | PIE | PC |
|---|---|---|
| I | *h₁ésmi | *esmi |
| You | *h₁ési | *esi |
| He, she, it | *h₁ésti | *esti |
| We | *h₁smós | *esomosi |
| You (all) | *h₁sté | *esetesi |
| They | *h₁sénti | *esonti |
Examples of noun declension
[edit](The following examples lack the dual number)
Masculine noun
[edit]| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | PIE *h₂ŕ̥tḱos > PC *artos | PIE *h₂ŕ̥tḱoes > PC *artoi |
| Gen. | *h₂ŕ̥tḱosyo > *artī | *h₂ŕ̥tḱoHom > *artom |
| Dat. | *h₂ŕ̥tḱoey > *artūi | *h₂ŕ̥tḱomos > *artobos |
| Acc. | *h₂ŕ̥tḱom > *artom | *h₂ŕ̥tḱoms > *artoms |
| Voc. | *h₂ŕ̥tḱe > *arte | *h₂ŕ̥tḱoes > *artūs |
| Loc. | *h₂ŕ̥tḱey > *artei | *h₂ŕ̥tḱoysu > ? |
| Instr. | *h₂ŕ̥tḱoh₁ > *artū | *h₂ŕ̥tḱōys > *artūis |
Feminine noun
[edit]| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | PIE *ln̥dʰéh₂ > PC *landā | PIE *ln̥dʰéh₂es > PC *landās |
| Gen. | *ln̥dʰéh₂s > *landās | *ln̥dʰéh₂oHom > *landom |
| Dat. | *ln̥dʰéh₂ey > *landāi | *ln̥dʰéh₂mos > *landābos |
| Acc. | *ln̥dʰā́m > *landam | *ln̥dʰéh₂m̥s > *landāms |
| Voc. | *ln̥dʰéh₂ > *landā | *ln̥dʰéh₂es > *landās |
| Loc. | *ln̥dʰéh₂i > *landai | *ln̥dʰéh₂su > ? |
| Instr. | *ln̥dʰéh₂h₁ > ? | *ln̥dʰéh₂mis > *landābis |
Neuter noun
[edit]| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | PIE *yugóm > PC *yugom | PIE *yugéh₂ > PC *yugā |
| Gen. | *yugósyo > *yugī | *yugóHom > *yugom |
| Dat. | *yugóey > *yugūi | *yugómos > *yugobos |
| Acc. | *yugóm > *yugom | *yugéh₂ > *yugā |
| Voc. | *yugóm > *yugom | *yugéh₂ > *yugā |
| Loc. | *yugéy > *yugei | *yugóysu > ? |
| Instr. | *yugóh₁ > *yugū | *yugṓys > *yugūis |
An example of adjectival declension
[edit](The following example lacks the dual number)
| Case | Masculine
(singular) |
Feminine
(singular) |
Neuter
(singular) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | PIE *h₂ḱrós > PC *akros | PIE *h₂ḱréh₂ > PC *akrā | PIE *h₂ḱróm > PC *akrom |
| Gen. | *h₂ḱrósyo > *akrī | *h₂ḱréh₂s > *akrās | *h₂ḱrósyo > *akrī |
| Dat. | *h₂ḱróey > *akrūi | *h₂ḱréh₂ey > *akrai | *h₂ḱróey > *akrūi |
| Acc. | *h₂ḱróm > *akrom | *h₂ḱrā́m > *akram | *h₂ḱróm > *akrom |
| Voc. | *h₂ḱré > *akre | *h₂ḱréh₂ > *akrā | *h₂ḱróm > *akrom |
| Instr. | *h₂ḱróh₁ > *akrū | *h₂ḱréh₂h₁ > ? | *h₂ḱróh₁ > *akrū |
| Case | Masculine
(plural) |
Feminine
(plural) |
Neuter
(plural) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | PIE *h₂ḱróes > PC *akroi | PIE *h₂ḱréh₂es > PC *akrās | PIE *h₂ḱréh₂ > PC *akrā |
| Gen. | *h₂ḱróHom > *akrom | *h₂ḱréh₂oHom > *akrom | *h₂ḱróHom > *akrom |
| Dat. | *h₂ḱrómos > *akrobos | *h₂ḱréh₂mos > *akrābos | *h₂ḱrómos > *akrobis |
| Acc. | *h₂ḱróms > *akroms | *h₂ḱréh₂m̥s > *akrams | *h₂ḱréh₂ > *akrā |
| Voc. | *h₂ḱróes > *akroi | *h₂ḱréh₂es > *akrās | *h₂ḱréh₂ > *akrā |
| Instr. | *h₂ḱrṓys > *akrobis | *h₂ḱréh₂mis > *akrābis | *h₂ḱrṓys > *akrobis |
Numerals
[edit]All know numerals in Hittite are inflected in the nominative case.
| Numeral | PIE | PAn | Hitt |
|---|---|---|---|
| One (1) | *h₁óynos > h₁óyn̥ki
*is + (h₁)yós ? |
*ayanki
? ? |
a-an-ki (𒀀𒀭𒆠)
šia-[1] ās |
| Two (2) | *dwóh₁ | ? | dā-; tuwa/i-; ta-us[2]; ta-el |
| Three (3) | *tréyes | *trḗs | tri-es |
| Four (4) | *kʷetwóres | *gʷetʷóres | meyawas, mēwas (Lycian teteri) |
| Five (5) | *pénkʷe | ? | (Luwian paⁿta) |
| Six (6) | *swéḱs | ? | ? |
| Seven (7) | *septḿ̥ | *septam | šiptam- |
| Eight (8) | *(h₁)oḱtṓw | ? | (Lycian aitãta) |
| Nine (9) | *h₁néwn̥ | *ʔnū́n | (Luwian nuntata)
(Lycian nuwa[n?]) |
| Ten (10) | *déḱm̥ | ? | (Lycian sñta?) |
- ^ Shields, Kenneth (2010-12-12). "Hittite šia-'1' and its implications for the etymology of Indo-European numerals". Indogermanische Forschungen. 115 (2010): 110–117. doi:10.1515/9783110222814.1.110. ISSN 1613-0405.
- ^ "Hittite Grammar - Numbers". www.assyrianlanguages.org. Retrieved 2024-08-19.