User:Hachijo8/CMR

CRRC standard metro train
An SFM18 "Type A" train of the Beijing Subway.
In service	2013–present
Manufacturer	CRRC, various others
Designer	CNR Changchun Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development
Assembly	China
Capacity	200-310 passengers per car
Lines served	Urban rail transit in China
Specifications
Car body construction	Stainless steel
Car length	18–22 m (59 ft 1 in – 72 ft 2 in)
Width	2.6–3.0 m (8 ft 6 in – 9 ft 10 in)
Platform height	1,250 mm (4 ft 1 in)
Entry	Level boarding
Doors	3-5 doors per side
Maximum speed	100 km/h (62 mph)
Steep gradient	Up to 6%
Minimum turning radius	50 m (160 ft)
Coupling system	Scharfenberg coupler
Seating	Longitudinal
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)

China has a standardized classification system for its rolling stock used on its rapid transit systems as a result of a policy adopted in 2013. Different kinds of rolling stock are classified into "types" (Chinese: 编组; pinyin: biānzǔ, lit. 'to classify').

History

Rapid transit development in China began in Beijing with the Beijing Subway in the late 1960s. Two lines have been built prior to the economic boom of the country in the 1980s. During this time, the Changchun Car Company (now CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles) designed and manufactured vehicles for these two lines with the DK series. In the 1990s, other cities such as Shanghai and Guangzhou followed suit in building their own Metro systems. Since then, two designs for these high-capacity lines have emerged: an overhead line-powered EMU with five doors per side, and a third rail-powered EMU with four doors per side.

In 2013, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development started enforcing GB 50157-2013 or the Metro Design Code. This started the classification of, based on

Types

There are three major types in China: Types A, B and C. Stock classifications are then further divided into train lengths such as Type 8A (8-car Type A trains) or Type 6B (6-car Type B trains).

Type A

Type A is the highest-capacity design in the Chinese classification system. It is designed for lines with 45,000 to 70,000 passengers per hour. Based on the likes of the MTR Metro Cammell EMU (DC) of 1979, it is 22 meters (72 ft 2 in) long and 3 meters (9 ft 10 in) wide. It is also powered by 1,500 volt DC overhead line electrification system. A Type A car can carry as much as 310 passengers, seated and standing and can be easily distinguished from the other types by having 5 sliding door pairs per side.

Three subtypes also emerged out of the original Type A:

• Type A_H is a shorter variant of Type A built for Hangzhou Metro. It is 19.52 meters (64 ft 1 in) long and still has the same 3-meter width of the Type A. As a result, it only has 4 doors per side like Type B trains.
• Type A_S, as with Type A_H, is a shorter variant of Type A built for Chongqing Rail Transit but with still the same car width. It is only 19 meters (62 ft 4 in) long to negotiate the steeper terrain in Chongqing.
• Urban Type A is the long-distance commuter rail variant of the Type A. It is designed for higher speeds of up to 160 km/h (100 mph) and has fewer door pairs than the regular Type A.

Gallery

• 
  MTR CNR Changchun EMU on the Kwun Tong line, Hong Kong.
• 
  Wuhan Metro Line 6 train.
• 
  Shanghai Metro Type SHM07A02 at Meilan Lake station, Shanghai.
• 
  Type 6A_H of Hangzhou Metro Line 6.
• 
  Type 6A_S of Chongqing Line 4.
• 
  Urban Type A of Chengdu Metro Line 17.

Type B

Type B is the most common design in China, being designed for general rapid transit lines with a capacity of 25,000 to 50,000 passengers per hour. Tracing its origins to the original Beijing Subway DK series, it is 19 meters (62 ft 4 in) long and 2.8 meters (9 ft 2 in) wide. Unlike Type A, it can be powered either by 1,500 V DC overhead power or 750 volt DC power using third rail. As with the Type A, the Type Bs also have a number of variated designs:

• Type L_B is the linear induction motor variant of the Type B.
• The Urban Type B is the long-distance commuter rail variant of the Type B.

• 
  BJD01 series for the Beijing Subway Fangshan line
• 
  Fulong B2 trains for Fuzhou Metro Line 1
• 
  L5 series trains for Guangzhou Metro Line 4
• 
  Urban Type B used for the Jinyidong line in Jinhua, Zhejiang
• 
  ZX series trains for the Zhengxu line of the Zhengzhou Metro

Type C

Type C has the least capacity of all the three standards in China. Built for only two systems, the Changchun Rail Transit and Shanghai Metro, these are either light rail or regular rapid transit vehicles built for lines that can carry from 10,000 to 30,000 passengers per hour. There are two variants of this type:

• All type C vehicles in Changchun use light rail vehicles.
• All type C vehicles in Shanghai are regular rapid transit vehicles that use 1,500 volt DC through overhead lines. These trainsets are 2.6 meters (8 ft 6 in) wide and 18.9 meters (62 ft) long.

• 
  Changchun Type C LRVs used for Line 4
• 
  Shanghai Type C used for Line 6

Other types

A

Export

A CRRC Type B on the Lahore Metro.

While CRRC has been exporting rapid transit trains to various countries, there are only a few systems that were built or being constructed to Chinese standards. Type A has been adopted in Saudi Arabia for the Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro line of the Mecca Metro which uses CRRC Changchun Type 12A trains, and in the Philippines where Type 6A trains will be adopted for the under-construction Makati Intra-city Subway. Type B has been adopted in Pakistan for the Lahore Metro, specifically Type 5B trains.