Plicatostylidae
| Plicatostylidae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Selection of members of the family | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Bivalvia |
| Order: | Pteriida |
| Superfamily: | Pterioidea |
| Family: | †Plicatostylidae Lupher & Packard, 1929 |
Plicatostylidae is a family of extinct large-sized epifaunal marine to brackish bivalves that inhabited Europe, Asia, Africa and America during the Jurassic, tought they survived until the Eocene.[1] This groups has been informally know as "Lithiotids" or "Lithiotid Bivalves".[2][3] They represent large reef builders, analogues to the younger Rudists and modern Crassostrea, and less extent to Tridacna.[2][4]
Ecology
[edit]
Plicatostylid bivalves were large sized, with the spoon-shaped Lithiotis reaching heights of 25-30 cm and a thickness of up to 1.5-3 cm, with the largest as high as 50 cm and some specimens of Lithioperna reaching 70 cm and 4 cm thick.[4][5] They developed in large reef systems like modern Crassostrea, but in warm, shallow seas, with some bioherms attaining lengths over 60 m and thicknesses of 3-5 m.[2][4] They were rapid growers, with their shells often made of aragonite, leading to massive shell accumulations that shaped the sea floor, known as the "Lithiotis Facies".[2][6] These bivalves were major players in their marine ecosystems, contributing to the geological structure of carbonate platforms.[4] Plicatosylids were notably widespread in the Lower Jurassic, specially within the Sinemurian-Pliensbachian, with significant occurrences in Tethyan and Panthalassan margins, from areas in Italy (Rotzo Formation of the Trento Platform, Apennine Carbonate Platform), Slovenia (Podpeč Limestone), Montenegro (Budoš Limestone) and parts of North America (e.g., Oregon).[4] In High Atlas of Morocco (ex. Aganane Formation & Tafraout Group) they are found in association with Corals, suggesting a different ecological context during their later survival.[4][7] Most of these bivalves met their end during a significant environmental upheaval known as the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, which altered ocean chemistry and made survival challenging. Yet, in some areas like Morocco or the Apennine Mountains, they persisted, showing some adaptability.[8] Gervilleioperna survived until at least the Aalenian in Chile, likely due to having a small shell.[1][9] The genus Pachyperna is know from the Eocene (Bartonian-Priabonian?), revelating the group also survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.[10]
Genera
[edit]Subfamily Pachygervilliinae:
Subfamily Plicatostylinae:
- †Cochlearites
- †Lithiotis
- †Plicatostylus (type)
References
[edit]- ^ a b Posenato, Renato; Crippa, Gaia; de Winter, Niels J.; Claeys, Philippe; Goderis, Steven; Frijia, Gianluca; Brombin, Valentina (2024-09-01). "Microstructures and sclerochronology of the Lithiotis Facies bivalves (Lower Jurassic): Paleobiological and paleoclimatic significance and their resilience to the early Toarcian extinction". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 649: 112329. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112329. ISSN 0031-0182.
- ^ a b c d Benini, Claudia Accorsi (1985). "The large Liassic bivalves: Symbiosis or longevity". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 52 (1–2): 21–33. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(85)90029-x. ISSN 0031-0182.
- ^ Posenato, Renato; Crippa, Gaia (2023-09-13). "AN INSIGHT INTO THE SYSTEMATICS OF PLICATOSTYLIDAE (BIVALVIA), WITH a DESCRIPTION OF PACHYGERVILLIA ANGUILLAENSIS N. GEN. N. SP. FROM THE LITHIOTIS FACIES (LOWER JURASSIC) OF ITALY". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 129 (3). doi:10.54103/2039-4942/20273. ISSN 2039-4942.
- ^ a b c d e f FRASER, NICOLE M.; BOTTJER, DAVID J.; FISCHER, ALFRED G. (2004-02-01). "Dissecting "Lithiotis" Bivalves: Implications for the Early Jurassic Reef Eclipse". PALAIOS. 19 (1): 51–67. doi:10.1669/0883-1351(2004)019<0051:DLBIFT>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0883-1351.
- ^ Debeljak, Irena (1997-12-30). "Lithiotid Bivalves in Slovenia and Their Mode of Life". Geologija. 40: 11–64. doi:10.5474/geologija.1997.001. ISSN 0016-7789.
- ^ Posenato, Renato; Crippa, Gaia; de Winter, Niels J.; Frijia, Gianluca; Kaskes, Pim (2022-09-15). "Microstructures and sclerochronology of exquisitely preserved Lower Jurassic lithiotid bivalves: Paleobiological and paleoclimatic significance: Paleobiological and paleoclimatic significance". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 602 (111162). doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.111162. ISSN 0031-0182.
- ^ Brame, Hannah-Maria R.; Martindale, Rowan C.; Ettinger, Nicholas P.; Debeljak, Irena; Vasseur, Raphaël; Lathuilière, Bernard; Kabiri, Lahcen; Bodin, Stéphane (2019-01-15). "Stratigraphic distribution and paleoecological significance of Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian-Toarcian) lithiotid-coral reefal deposits from the Central High Atlas of Morocco". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 514: 813–837. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.09.001. ISSN 0031-0182.
- ^ Posenato, Renato; Bassi, Davide; Trecalli, Alberto; Parente, Mariano (2018-01-01). "Taphonomy and evolution of Lower Jurassic lithiotid bivalve accumulations in the Apennine Carbonate Platform (southern Italy)". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 489: 261–271. Bibcode:2018PPP...489..261P. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.10.017. hdl:11392/2379245. ISSN 0031-0182.
- ^ Aberhan, Martin; Hillebrandt, Axel v. (1996). "Taxonomy, ecology, and palaeobiogeography of Gervilleioperna (Gervilleiognoma) aurita n. subgen. n.sp. (Bivalvia) from the Middle Jurassic of northern Chile". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 70 (1–2): 79–96. Bibcode:1996PalZ...70...79A. doi:10.1007/bf02988270. ISSN 0031-0220.
- ^ Posenato, R. (1995-03-01). "Palaeobiology and taxonomy of Pachyperna laverdana Oppenheim, an Eocene bivalve of Mesozoic heritage". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 69 (1): 31–53. doi:10.1007/BF02985972.
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