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This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Gan Chinese on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Gan Chinese in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing
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Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Gan Chinese
The following tables list the International phonetic Alphabet used for Gan Chinese (贛語).
Initial consonants
IPA[ i]
Pinyin[ i]
Examples[ ii]
ɕ x
[ɕ jɛn˨˩˧ it꜊ ɕ jɛn˨˩˧]
f f
[f ɨt˨ tʰɛw꜊ tjɛn˦˨ law˨˩˧]
h h
[h a˩ tɕiw˧˥]
k g
[k aj˨˩˧ waj˦˨ k aw꜊ tsɿ꜊]
kʰ k
[ho˨˦ kʰ u˨˩˧ laj˧˥]
l l
[l a˧˥ tɕʰjɛw˨˩˧]
m m
[tsʰa˦˨ m aw˧˥ tsʰaw˨˩˧]
ŋ ng
[ŋ jɛw˧˥ lɛt˥]
ɲ [ iii] n
[ɲ it˥ tʰjɛn˦˨]
p b
[p jɛn˧˥ ɕjɔŋ˧˥]
pʰ p
[ta˨˩˧ pʰ u˨˦ tɕʰiw꜊]
s s
[ɲit˥ s ɔŋ˩]
t d
[it˥ ŋaj˦˨ t aw꜊]
tɕ j
[tɕʰjaʔ˥ tɕ iw˧˥ fan˩]
tɕʰ q
[tɕʰ jaʔ˥ ka˧˥]
tʰ t
[tjaʔ˥ ka꜊ tʰ aj˩ tsɿ꜊]
ts z
[ts ɔʔ˥ tʰjɛn˨˦ ko꜊]
tsʰ c
[tsʰ ɔʔ˨ tɕʰi˨˩˧]
Vowels
IPA[ i]
Pinyin[ i]
Examples[ ii]
a a
[ta ˨˩˧ ma ˨˩˧ ma ꜊ tɕjɛn˦˨]
a j ai
[ɲit˥ saj ˧˥ ja˩ lu˩]
a w au
[kaj˨˩˧ kaw ˦˨]
e e
[he ˨˩˧ ɲit˥]
ɛ w eu
[tsʰɔʔ˨ taw꜊ ljɛw ꜊]
i i
[tʰi ˨˩˧ tʰɛw˨˦]
j a ia
[tʰon˩ ja ˩]
j e ie
[tɕʰje ˨˩˧ kwj˦˨]
j ɛ u ieu
[lɔʔ˥ kʰjɛw ˨˩˧ ɕjɛw ˦˨ jɔŋ˧˥]
ɨ j i
[fɨj ˦˨ kwn˨˩˧]
ɨ w eru
[jaŋ˧˥ sɨw ꜊]
i w iu
[tiw ˦˨ kɔŋ˦˨ kʰjɛw˨˩˧]
o o
[ko ˨˩˧ sɿ꜊ kʰjɛt˥]
ɵ er
[ɵ ˧˥ tɕin꜊]
ɹ̩ [ iii] ii
[sɨw˨˩˧ ɲɨɛt˥ tsɿ ꜊]
u u
[tʰo˨˦ tʰu ˩]
u j ui
[suj ˧˥ mi꜊ tsɿ꜊ tsuj ˨˩˧]
w a ua
[wa ˩ pɨt꜊ tsɔŋ˦˨]
w a j uai
[kwaj ˦˨ tsaj˨˩˧]
w o uo
[ɕjaŋ˦˨ tsɿ꜊ kwo ˧˥ uj˩]
y yu
[tɔʔ˥ y ˨˩˧]
ɥ e yue
[tɕɥe ˦˨ tsɿ꜊]
Final consonants
IPA[ i]
Pinyin[ i]
Examples[ ii]
Rhyme
m /
m
[m ma]
-n
/
n
[n ˨˩˧ wa˩ pɨt꜊ tsɔʔ˥]
a n an
[tsa˦˨ san ˨˩˧]
ɛ n en
[sɔŋ˩ lɛn ˩]
j ɛ n ien
[tʰjɛn ˦˨ fan˩]
ɨ n ern
[kʰaj˦˨ jɔŋ˧˥ fɨn ˦˨]
i n in
[pin ˦˨ laŋ˨˩˧ suʔ tɕin ˩]
o n on
[pʰon ˨˦ tɕin꜊ pʰon˨˦ tsʰɨt˥]
u n un
[pʰuʔ˨ taw꜊ kʰun ˨˩˧]
w a n uan
[wan ˧˥ fa˦˨ tʰɛw꜊]
w o n uon
[ɕjɔʔ˥ suj˨˩˧ won ꜊ tsɿ꜊]
y n yun
[ko˦˨ yn ˩ tuj˧˥]
ɥ o n yuon
[ɲit˥ tɕɥon ˨˩˧ ja˩ pʰu˦˨]
-ŋ
/
ng
[ŋ ˧˥ tsʰaj꜊]
a ŋ ang
[wa˩ pɨt꜊ tsaŋ ˧˥]
j a ŋ jang
[tɕʰjaʔ˥ ljaŋ ˧˥ suj꜊]
j ɔ ŋ iong
[fɔʔ˥ sɛn꜊ ɲjɔŋ ˧˥ ɲjɔŋ ꜊]
j u ŋ iung
[tʰo˨˦ ɕjuŋ ˧˥]
ɔ ŋ ong
[tɔŋ ˦˨ tɕiw˧˥]
u ŋ ung
[mjɛn˨˦ muŋ ˩]
w a ŋ uang
[waŋ ˧˥ tsʰɨt꜊]
w ɔ ŋ uong
[tʰjɛn˦˨ kwɔŋ ˦˨]
-t
a t at
[kat ˥ pan˨˩˧ tɕʰi˨˩˧]
ɛ t et
[laj˩ tɛt ho˨˦]
j ɛ t iet
[ŋaw˧˥ ljɛt ꜊]
i t it
[ɲit ˥ tʰɛw꜊]
ɨ t ert
[pɨt ˥ kan˦˨ pɨt ˥ kaj˧˥]
o t ot
[mot ˨ tɕɥ˦˨ li˨˦]
u t ut
[ŋa˦˨ pʰo꜊ ut ˥ li꜊]
w a t uat
[kwat ˥ jɔŋ˧˥ fo˨˩˧]
w ɛ t uet
[kwɛt ˥ ɲy˨˩˧]
w o t uot
[wot ˨ fan꜊]
ɥ o t yuot
[ɕɥot ˥ jɔŋ˧˥ ljɛw꜊]
ɥ t yt
[tɕɥt ˥ tsɿ꜊]
-ʔ
a ʔ ah
[sat˥ pʰaʔ ˨]
j a ʔ iah
[tsʰa˦˨ tjaʔ ˥ tsɿ꜊]
j ɔ ʔ ioh
[tɕjɔʔ ˥ ku꜊ tsɿ꜊]
j u ʔ iuh
[ɕjuʔ ˥ tʰɛw˨˦ fat꜊]
ɔ ʔ oh
[tsʰɔʔ ˨ sɛt˥]
u ʔ uh
[tɕʰi˨˩˧ uʔ ˥]
Tones
IPA[ i]
Numeric
Tonal Examples[ ii]
˦˨ ◌42
陰平 (◌1 )
[it˥ tsʰɨn˦˨ ka꜊ tsɿ꜊]
˨˦ ◌24
陽平 (◌2 )
[he˨˩˧ tsʰɔŋ˨˦ tsuŋ˦˨]
˨˩˧ ◌213
上 (◌3 )
[tjet˥ ljɛn˨˩˧ ]
˧˥ ◌35
陰去 (◌4 )
[tɛw˧˥ fuŋ˨˩˧]
˩ ◌11
陽去 (◌5 )
[tɔŋ˩ kaj˦˨]
˥ ◌55
陰入 (◌6 )
[tsʰɨt˥ kuj˨˩˧]
˨ ◌22
陽入 (◌7 )
[jɛt˨ paŋ꜊]
꜊ ◌0
輕 (◌0 )
[ta˨˩˧ saw˧˥ kʰa꜊ ]
^ a b c d e f g The vowels, consonants and tones are based on 南昌方言词典 (1995).[ 1] 南昌話拼音方案 (2011).[ 2]
^ a b c d Glosses are displayed over the dotted line. (Instructions: for desktop computers, hover your mouse cursor over it; for iOS mobile browsers, request desktop website on your toolbar and then click on the dotted line; for Android mobile browsers, it is unavailable). Vocabulary are drawn from 南昌方言词典 (1995)[ 1] 南昌方言研究 (2007).[ 3]
^ a b In sinological phonetic notation , the IPA [ɹ̩ ] is represented as ⟨ɿ ⟩, [ɻ̩ ] is represented as ⟨ʅ ⟩, [ɲ ] is represented as ⟨ɲ ⟩.
^ a b 熊正辉 (1995). 南昌方言词典 . 江苏教育出版社. ^ 高莽夏木 (2011-11-22). "南昌話拼音方案" . Archived from the original on 2023-10-21. ^ 张燕娣 (2007). 南昌方言研究 . 文化艺术出版社.
Comparisons Introductory guides
