Draft:Short Lived States and Dependencies

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This article provides a comprehensive list of countries, dependencies, political and territorial entities, anarchist regions, and provisional governments that existed for five years or less. These short-lived entities emerged and disappeared under a variety of circumstances. In some cases, newly established states were overthrown by coups (e.g., the Kingdom of Tunisia), while others were formed during failed revolutionary movements (e.g., the Democratic Republic of Yemen). Additionally, some entities were created as puppet states during wartime (e.g., Napoleon's Sister Republics) or existed as provisional governments (e.g., the Provisional Government of Hawaii). The diverse nature of these political formations reflects the complexity of state formation and dissolution in times of rapid political change.

Criteria

• All countries are dated since 1 CE
• All states have to have survived for no less than Five years.
• Had de facto control over a territory or a significant portion of its territory

Africa

Name	Date	Capital	Now Part Of	Notes
Republic of Swellendam	1795	Swellendam	South Africa	The Boer Republic was declared as a revolt to the maladministration and inadequacies of the Dutch East India Company
Republic of Graaff-Reinet	1795–1796	Graaff-Reinet		In the town of Graaff-Reinet the boers were who were annoyed by the taxation of the Dutch East India Company, proclaimed themselves to be the independent "Colony of Graaff-Reinet
Republic of Klip River	1847–1848	Ladysmith		After buying land of the Zulu king Mpande a group of boers settled in an area now known as Ladysmith, KwaZulu-Natal and led by their leader Andries Spies they declared the Republic of the Klip River, later annexed by the UK the same year
Klipdrift Republic	1870–1871	Klipdrift		The Klipdrift Republic was a Boer republic declared in Griqualand West by Stafford Parker
Republic of Stellaland	1882–1883	Vryburg		A boer republic for it's short existence was an important factor in the lead up to the Second Boer War, later merged with the State of Goshen to become the United States of Stellaland
State of Goshen		Rooigrond & Mafikeng		A short lived Boer republic, later merged with the Republic of Stellaland
South African Republic	1914-1915	Pretoria		The republic was a failed attempt to recreate Transvaal during the Maritz rebellion
Western Galla Confederation	1936	Gore	Ethiopia	Also known as the Macha Oromo Confederation, it was an Oromo separatist movement in Abyssinia during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War
French Committee of National Liberation	1943–44	Algiers	Algeria	During the Second World War the Free French in the French territories in Africa declared the provisional government
Kingdom of Tunisia	1956–1957	Tunis	Tunisia	The kingdom a short lived monarchy just after Tunisian independence
Sultanate of M'Simbati	1959	?	Tanzania	A micronation declared by Englishman Latham Leslie Moore in 1959
Mali Federation	1959-1960	Dakar	Senegal & Mali	Was a short lived member of the French Community until it broke into Senegal and Mali
State of Somaliland	1960	Hargeisa	Somaliland (De Facto) Somalia (De Jure)	The state of Somaliland existed for five days as the Trust Territory of Somaliland was finalising its independence from Italy
Dominion of Uganda	1962–1963	Kampala	Uganda	After Uganda was granted independence the British monarch, Elizabeth II, remained head of state as Queen of Uganda for precisley one year
Dominion of Kenya	1963–1964	Nairobi	Kenya	After Kenya was granted independence the British monarch, Elizabeth II, remained head of state as Queen of Kenya
First Nigerian Republic	1963-1966	Lagos	Nigeria	After the Independence of Nigeria the first Nigerian Republic took over, it was disposed of after a military coup three years later.
Rhodesia	1964-1965	Harare	Zimbabwe	Was a British protectorate, now known as Zimbabwe
Niger Delta Republic	1966	?	Nigeria	A short lived state declared by Isaac Adaka Boro a soldier and Niger Delta activist
Republic of Benin	1967	Benin City		The republic was a Biafran puppet state set up in the Nigerian city of Benin City
Nile Provisional Government	1969-1970	Juba	South Sudan	Formed out of the failed Southern Sudan Provisional Government as an attempt to rebrand the nation from South Sudan to the Nile Republic
Martyazo	1972	Commune of Vugizo	Burundi	A short lived secessionist state established by Hutu rebels in the Commune of Vugizo
Republic of Cabinda	1975–1976	Cabinda	Angola	A sepratist state declared by Cabindan nationalist groups the Liberation Front of the State of Cabinda and the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda after Angolan independence
Zimbabwe Rhodesia	1979–1980	Salisbury	Zimbabwe	A transitional government established by the British to transfer authority from Rhodesia to Zimbabwe
National Revolutionary Council of the Gambia	1981	Banjul	The Gambia	The revolutionary council was set up by Kukoi Sanyang to govern The Gambia after the 1981 Gambian coup d'état attempt
Mohéli	1997-1998	Fomboni	Comoros	Along with Anjouan in 1997 they both sceded from the Comoros Anjouan lasted until 2002 and Mohéli agreed to join back to the union in 1998
Jubaland	1998-1999	Bu'ale	Somalia	During the Somali civil war General Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan declared the independence of Jubaland
Caprivi	1999	?	Namibia	A state declared by the Caprivi Liberation Army during the short lived Caprivi conflict
State of Anjouan	2007-2008	Mutsamudu	Comoros	A state declared Mohamed Bacar after holding an illegal election in June, the state was soon dissolved during the Invasion of Anjouan & Mohamed Bacar exiled
National Transitional Council	2011-2012	Tripoli	Libya	A unitary transitional government established to transition from the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the State of Libya
Azawad	2012	Timbuktu (proclaimed) Gao (provisional)	Mali	A seccionist state declared by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad in northern Mali during the Tuareg rebellion

Asia

Name	Date	Capital	Now Part Of	Notes
Free Ilocos	1762–1763	Vigan	Philippines	A short lived revolutionary state declared by Diego Silang in Northern Luzon during the British occupation of Manila
Republic of Ezo	1869	Hakodate	Japan	Also known as the Republic of Japan the Republic of Ezo was a short lived separatist state established in the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido
Kingdom of Sedang	1888-1889	Kon Gung	Vietnam	A ephemeral state declared by French explorer Marie-Charles David de Mayréna after the governor of French Indochina sent him to negotiate treaties with the Kingdom of Siam after they started claiming parts of French Indochina, but instead allied with other tribes to declare the Kingdom of Sedang, the kingdom was dissolved shortly after when Marie was captured by the French Navy
Republic of Formosa	1895	Taipei & Tainan	Taiwan	The inhabitants of the island of Taiwan declared themselves independent in response to the Qing Dynastys move to scecede the island to Japan
Tejeros Revolutionary Government	1897	General Trias	Philipines
Republic of Biak-na-Bato		San Miguel		The republic of Biak-na-bato was a philipino revolutionary government declared by solier Emilio Aguinaldo during the Philippine Revolution
Dictatorial Government of the Philippines	1898	Bacoor		The Government was a filipino insurgent government in Bacoor during the Spanish–American War
Revolutionary Government of the Philippines		Bacoor & Malolos		A revolutionary government set up by Emilio Aguinaldo during Spanish–American War
Republic of Negros	1898–1899	Bacolod		The republic was a short lived revolutionary state on the island, it later became the Federal State of the Visayas
Heavenly Kingdom of the Great Mingshun	1903	Guangzhou	China	A short lived attempt at establashing a Westernised Monarchy in china by the Revive China Society
Empire of China	1915–1916	Peking		A short lived attempt to reinstate monarchy in China by Yuan Shikai
Yakutia	1918	Yakutsk	Russia	A short lived uprising by Yakuts in support of the White Army
Provisional Siberian Government		Omsk		Short lived attempts of a government set up by the White Army
Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia		Vladivostok
Siberian Republic		Omsk		An short lived attempt attempt at Siberian regionalism
Provisional Regional Government of the Urals		Yekaterinburg		An anti-Bolshevik government set up in Yekaterinburg
Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus	1918–1919	Kars	Turkey	A pro-Turkish provisional government established in the aftermath of the Armistice of Mudros to stop the area being incorporated into the First Republic of Armenia
Mughan Soviet Republic	1919	Lankaran	Azerbaijan	A short lived pro-Bolshevik state in southeastern Azerbaijan
Ferghana Provisional Government	1919-1920	Osh	Kyrgyzstan	A polity set up by the Basmachi movement led by Madame Bey
Arab Kingdom of Syria		Damascus	Syria	A short lived constitutional monarchy led by Faisal I of Iraq
Provisional Government of the Far East	1920	Vladivostok	Russia	An Anti-White state established around Vladivostok later incorporated into the pro-Bolsheviks Far Eastern Republic and the pro-White Provisional Priamurye Government
South Russian Government		Novorossiysk		The Successsor of Anton Denikin's General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia
Government of South Russia		Sevastopol		A short lived White Government established as the successor of Anton Denikin's South Russian Government by Pyotr Wrangel in Crimea
Eastern Okraina		Chita		After the defeat of White forces in Western Siberia Alexander Kolchak ordered Grigory Mikhaylovich Semyonov to evacuate their forces to the territory of Russia's eastern outskirts
Azadistan		Tabriz	Iran	A short lived state in Iranian Azerbaijan established by Mohammad Khiabani
Persian Socialist Soviet Republic	1920–1921	Rasht		A soviet republic declared by revolutionary leader Mirza Kuchik Khan and the Jungle Movement of Gilan
Republic of China Military Government		Guangzhou	China	A military government centered around the Second Constitutional Protection Movement
Autonomous Government of Khorasan	1921	Rasht	Iran	A short lived military state established by warlord Mohammad Taqi Pessian
Sharifian Caliphate	1924-1925	Mecca	Saudi Arabia	A caliphate declared by the Hejaz as the successor of the Ottoman Caliphate
Hunan Soviet	1927	?	China	A Communist-controlled China (1927–1949) insurrection led by Mao Zedong and Li Zhen in the Hunan and Jiangxi areas
Guangzhou Commune		Guangzhou		A political structure established in Guangzhou during the Guangzhou Uprising, also called the Soviet of Workers, Soldiers and Peasant Deputies
Emirate of Afghanistan	1929	Kabul	Afghanistan	An unrecognised state declared by Saqqawists on the territory that they held during the Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)
Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviet	1930–1931	?	Vietnam	A series of uprisings against French Indochina in the Nghệ An and Hà Tĩnh Provinces
Kumul Khanate	1931-1934	Kumul	China	A rebellion led by Uyghur chieftain and Kuomintang general Yulbars Khan to restore the Kumul Khanate and the heir to the throne, Nasir.
Northeast Supreme Administrative Council	1932	Changchun		The forerunner of Japanese puppet state Manchukuo
First East Turkestan Republic	1933–1934	Kashgar		The republic was a short lived unrecognized breakaway Islamic Uyghur state in northwestern China
People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China		Fuzhou		Also known as the Fujian People's Government, it was a short lived anti-Kuomintang socialist state established in the Fujian Province
Northwest Chinese Soviet Federation	1935–1936	Mao County, Barkam, Jinchuan County & Garzê County		A confederation of two ethnic minority governments, the Tibetan People's Republic and Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Geledesha
Great Way Government	1937–1938	Pudong		A puppet government established to govern Japanese occupied Shanghai in the early stages of the Second Sino-Japanese War
Hatay State	1938–1939	Antakya	Turkey	A transitional government located in the territory of the Sanjak of Alexandretta before becomig the Hatay Province of Turkey
Free Republic of Nias	1942	Gunungsitoli	Indonesia	A short lived state established by escaped Nazis after their ship that they were being held on was bombed by the Japanese.
Inner Mongolian People's Republic	1945	Sonid Right Banner	China	After the dissolution of the Japanese puppet Mengjiang, A congress of "People's Representatives" was held and the socialist Inner Mongolian People's Republic was declared, it was later conquered by China fearing separatism.
Kingdom of Luang Phrabang		Luang Prabang	Laos	A short lived Japanese puppet state, lead by Prince Phetsarath Ratanavongsa
Empire of Vietnam		Huế	Vietnam	A puppet state of Japan in the French protectorates of Annam and Tonkin
Kingdom of Kampuchea		Phnom Penh	Cambodia	A short lived Japanese puppet state
Lao Issara	1945–1946	Vientiane & Luang Prabang	Laos	An anti-French state established in the aftermath of World War Two
Azerbaijan People's Government		Tabriz	Iran	A short lived Soviet satellite state in the Iranian Azerbaijan area.
People's Republic of Korea		Seoul	South Korea & North Korea	A provisional government established in the withdrawl of the Japanese in Korea, later occupied by the Soviet Union in the north and the United States in the south
Republic of Mahabad	1946–1947	Mahabad	Iran	A Kurdish Soviet satellite state established alongside the Azerbaijan People's Government
Provisional People's Committee for North Korea		Pyongyang	North Korea	A provisional government established as the successor of the Soviet Civil Administration
Khanate of Kalat	1947–1948	Kalat	Pakistan	A Princely state that was briefly independent before Ahmad of Kalat the ruler of the Khanate acceded to Pakistan
Hyderabad State		Hyderabad	India	During the independence of India all Princely States were given the option to join India or Pakistan or have independence. The Muslim Nizams who ruled the predominantly Hindu state chose independence. The Indians later invaded and annexed Hyderabad during Operation Polo
Junagadh State		Junagadh		During the independence of India all Princely States were given the option to join India or Pakistan or have independence. The Nawab of Junagadh Muhammad Mahabat Khan III chose for Junagadh and it's vassal Bantva Manavadar to go with Pakistan until later that year they chose to remain independent until the Indian invasion of them during that year
Bantva Manavadar		Junagadh
People's Committee of North Korea		Pyongyang	North Korea	A pro-Soviet Provisional Government that oversaw the transition from Soviet occupation in northern Korea to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
Government of the National Front of the Region of Madiun	1948	Madiun	Indonesia	A failed attempt at a communist uprising.
Provisional Central Government of Vietnam	1948–1949	Ho Chi Minh City	Vietnam	A French-associated transitional government established in the protectorates of Tonkin and Annam until Cochinchina reunited and founded the State of Vietnam
United States of Indonesia	1949–1950	Jakarta	Indonesia	A short lived federal state established after Indonesia's independence from the Netherlands, succeeded by the unitary Republic of Indonesia
Arab Federation	1958	Baghdad	Iraq & Jordan	A short lived confederation between the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq and Kingdom of Jordan.
Second Republic of Korea	1960–1961	Seoul	South Korea	Founded during the April Revolution against the current president Syngman Rhee
United Nations Temporary Executive Authority	1962-1963	Jayapura	Indonesia	A civil administration established to facilitate the transition of Dutch New Guinea to Indonesia
Shanghai People's Commune	1967	Shanghai	China	A Maoist commune established during the January Storm by future Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China, Zhang Chunqiao.
Emirate of Abu Dhabi	1971	Abu Dhabi	UAE	After the independence of the Trucial States, Six of the Emirates—Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain and Fujairah—formed the United Arab Emirates, with Ras Al Khaimah joining later in 1972
Emirate of Ajman		Ajman
Emirate of Dubai		Dubai
Emirate of Fujairah		Fujairah
Emirate of Sharjah		Sharjah
Emirate of Umm Al Quwain		Umm Al Quwain
Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah	1971-1972	Ras Al Khaimah
People's Republic of Tyre	1975-1976	Tyre	Lebanon	A short lived, PLO controlled, state-within-a-state during the Lebanese Civil Warafter the takeover of the city of Tyre.
Republic of South Vietnam		Tây Ninh (1969–1972) Lộc Ninh (1972–1973) Cam Lộ (1973–1975) Saigon – Gia Dinh (1975–1976)	Vietnam	A puppet government of North Vietnam formed from the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam shadow government.
Provisional Government of East Timor		Dili	East Timor	An Indonesian puppet provisional government, that was formed following the Indonesian invasion of East Timor in December 1975, and disbanded after the annexation of the area by Indonesia in July 1976 to become the Timor Timur province.
Interim Government of Iran	1979	Tehran	Iran
Islamic Revolutionary State of Afghanistan	1980	?	Afghanistan	A small Salafist state located in the northern Bashgal Valley founded by cleric Mawlawi Afzal during the Afghan mujahideen insurgency.
Federal Republic of Mindanao	1986	Cagayan de Oro	Philippines	A Breakaway state state declared by former Mayor of Cagayan de Oro and leader of the Mindanao People's Democratic Movement, Reuben Canoy.
Republic of Kuwait	1990	Kuwait City	Kuwait	A self-styled Iraqi puppet government established in the aftermath of the Invasion of Kuwait by Ba'athist Iraq and was later annexed to become the Iraqi governate of Kuwait and the military occupied Saddamiyat al-Mitla' District.
Second Federal Republic of Mindanao		Cagayan de Oro	Philippines	A revolt led by Alexander Noble, a dissident Philippine Army colonel and his supporters after seized two garrisons in Cagayan de Oro and Butuan as an attempted coup against president Corazon Aquino
Islamic Emirate of Kunar	1991	Asadabad	Afghanistan	A short lived, Salafist, quasi-state in the Kunar Province led by Jamil al-Rahman and his group Jamaat al-Dawah ila al-Quran wal-Sunnah
Kurdish Republic of Lachin	1992	Lachin	Azerbaijan	A state declared by Kurdish nationalists in the former region of Kurdistan Uezd, but was dissolved later that year during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.
Gorno-Badakhshan Republic		Khorugh	Tajikistan	After the outbreak of the Tajikistani Civil War, the local government of Gorno-Badakhshan declared itself independent, but later backed down on the declaration.
United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia	1992-1993	Phnom Penh	Cambodia	A United Nations peacekeeping administration formed after the 1991 Paris Peace Agreements.
Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic	1993	Lankaran	Azerbaijan	A automomous republic declared by Talysh nationalist Colonel Alikram Hummatov during the 1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état against, the first and only democratically elected President in post-Soviet Azerbaijan, Abulfaz Elchibey
Democratic Republic of Yemen	1994	Aden	Yemen	Also known as South Yemen, the Democratic Republic of Yemen, declared during the 1994 Yemeni Civil War, encompassed the entirety of the former state of South Yemen.
Islamic Emirate of Badakhshan	1996	Badakhshan	Afghanistan	n unrecognised Islamic State in the Badakhshan Province of Afghanistan established by supporters of Burhanuddin Rabbani & Ahmad Shah Massoud.
Islamic Emirate of Byara	2001-2003	Byara	Iraq	A Kurdish Islamic state established by Ansar al-Islam, Kurdistan Islamic Group and Kurdistan Islamic Movement. It was dissolved in 2003 by Operation Viking Hammer
Islamic Emirate of Rafah	2009	Rafah	Gaza Strip	A short-lived unrecognized Islamic state established two years after the Hamas takeover of Gaza and later collapsed after the 2009 Battle of Rafah
Bangsamoro Republik	2013	Davao City (de jure) Zamboanga City (de facto)	Philipines	A breakaway state declared by Nur Misuari, the leader of the Moro National Liberation Front in an attempt to create a nation for the Moro people
Goyce Zengezur Turkish Republic	2022	?	Azerbaijan	The Goyce-Zengezur Turkish Republic was a short-lived, self-proclaimed state declared in 2022 in Southern Armenia region, aiming to establish Turkish governance.

Europe

Name	Date	Capital	Now Part Of	Description
Anabaptist Dominion of Münster	1534-1535	Münster	Germany	An attempt by radical Anabaptists, led by John of Leiden, to to establish a communal sectarian government in the German city of Münster
Commonwealth of England	1659-1660	London	United Kingdom	A transitional government led by the Rump Parliament after the resignation of Richard Cromwell, and dissolved after the Declaration of Breda
Kingdom of Corsica	1736	Cervione & Corte	France	A kingdom on the island of Corsica established by Corsican rebels and exiles led by German explorer Theodor Stephan Freiherr von Neuhoff overthrowing the ruling Republic of Genoa until infighting among the rebels soon led to their defeat.
Kingdom of Finland	1742–1743	Turku	Finland	After the Russian occupation of Finland during the Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743), the Finns armed with vague promises of making Finland independent, elected Duke Peter of Holstein-Gottorp as their king. However it soon evaporated when Peter became the heir to the throne of Russia.
Republic of Liège	1789–1791	Liège	Belgium	A Republic established in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège during the Liège Revolution but was quickly annexed by French revolutionary forces
United Belgian States	1789–1790	Brussels	Belgium	A confederate republic established in the Southern Netherlands during the Brabant Revolution against the Habsburg Emperor, Joseph II.
Republic of Mainz	1793	Mainz	Germany	One of the first French Sister Republics and the first democratic state in modern day Germany but was soon retaken by Prussian forces.
Republic of Bouillon	1794-1795	Bouillon?	Switzerland	A possible French client state formed out of the former Duchy of Bouillon but was soon incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
Republic of Alba	1796	Alba	Italy	Italian Sister republics established during the Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars but were later annexed of turned into monarchies ruled by the House of Bonaparte.
Bolognese Republic		Bologna
Republic Reggiana		Reggio Emilia
Cispadane Republic	1796–1797	Bologna
Transpadane Republic		Milan
Republic of Crema	1797	Crema
Astese Republic		Asti
Republic of Brescia		Brescia
Republic of Bergamo		Bergamo
Anconine Republic	1797–1798	Ancona
Tiberina Republic	1798	Perugia
Lemanic Republic		Lausanne	Switzerland	A state orchestrated by, the tutor of the children of Tsar Paul I of Russia, Frédéric-César de La Harpe to regain the independence of the Vaud
Tellgovie		Schwyz		One of the three Swiss states created in 1798 from the Canton of Waldstätten and the Three Leagues, but was later reincorporated into the Helvetic Republic due public outcry.
Republic of Connacht		Castlebar	Ireland	A Sister Republic of France established during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 by the Society of United Irishmen led by Wolfe Tone
Roman Republic	1798–1799	Rome	Italy	A state established after Louis-Alexandre Berthier occupied the Papal states however it proved short lived as the Kingdom of Naples invaded an restored the Papacy
State of Lucca	1799	Lucca		French Sister Republics established during the Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars
Republic of Pescara		Pescara
Republic of Altamura		Altamura
Kingdom of Poland	1812-1813	Warsaw	Poland	A puppet state of France that was made from the reorganised Duchy of Warsaw during Napoleon's Russian campaign
Kingdom of Norway	1814	Oslo	Norway	A short lived monarchy established by Norwegian nationalists when Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden, due to its alliance with France during the Napoleonic Wars, The Norwegian state was quickly defeated in the two week long Swedish–Norwegian War.
State of Franche-Comté		Vesoul	France	A short lived buffer state established between Germany and First French Empire after the latters fall. It was soon dissolved following the Treaty of Paris.
General-Government of Belgium	1814-1815	Brussels	Belgium	A provisional government established by the 1814 Treaty of Paris in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars. Later united with the Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands to form the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Republic of Genoa		Genoa	Italy
Principality of Elba		Portoferraio	Italy	A brief monarchy established on the Italian island Elba granted to Napoleon Bonaparte and would be returned to France after his death, but was ultimately ephemeral with Napoleon's return to France during the Hundred Days and ultimate exile to St Helena
Polish National Government	1830–1831	Warsaw	Poland	A provisional government established by Polish revolutionaries during the November Uprising
Italian United Provinces	1831	Bologna	Italy	A revolutionary government established during the Revolutions of 1830, when the temporal power of the Pope and the Emilian Dukes were declared to be revoked, and lasted until Austrian troops took the city of Ancona.
Polish National Government	1846	Kraków	Poland	An attempt at creating a Polish government during the Kraków uprising.
Republic of Mosina	1848	Mosina	Poland	A short-lived microstate centred around the Polish city of Mosina during the Greater Poland Uprising.
Kingdom of Sicily		Palermo	Italy	Italian revolutionary states established during the Revolutions of 1848.
Provisional Government of Milan		Milan
Republic of San Marco	1848–1849	Venice
Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune		Roquebrune & Menton	France	A union of two cities who seceded from Monaco due to high tax rates and increasing poverty, later absorbed by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia
German Empire		Frankfurt	Germany	A failed attempt to unify the states of the states of the German Confederation.
Serbian Vojvodina		Sremski Karlovci Zemun Veliki Bečkerek Timișoara	Serbia
Roman Republic	1849	Rome	Italy	A republican government established when Pope Pius IX fled to Gaeta due to riots and protests by liberals because of the assassination of minister of justice Pellegrino Rossi.
Tuscan Republic		Florence		A republican government established when Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany fled Florence joining Pope Pius IX in Gaeta.
Hungarian State		Buda	Hungary	An unrecognized state established during the last four months of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
United Provinces of Central Italy	1859–1860	Modena	Italy	A client state of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. It was formed as a union of the pro-Piedmontese governments of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Duchy of Parma, the Duchy of Modena and the Papal Legations after the Second Italian War of Independence. The United Provinces were soon annexed to Piedmont-Sardinia
Polish National Government	1863–1864	Warsaw Vilnius Kiev	Poland	A Polish shadow government established during the January Uprising
First Paris Commune	1870	Paris	France	Socialist regimes established during a wave of intense revolutionary fevour in France, the communes are credited, especially the Second Paris Commune with being the first Socialist government.
Lyon Commune	1870-1871	Lyon
Besançon Commune	1871	Besançon
Second Paris Commune		Paris
Third Paris Commune
Commune of Creusot		Creusot
Commune of Marseilles		Marseilles
Central municipality of the district of Narbonne		Narbonne
Catalan State	1873	Barcelona	Spain	A federated state, encompassing Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands, established in order to defenf the unity the Spanish Federal Republic
Canton of Algeciras		Algeciras		Radical Cantonalist juntas formed during the Cantonal rebellion.
Canton of Alicante		Alicante
Canton of Málaga		Málaga
Canton of Cartagena	1873–1874	Cartagena
First Spanish Republic		Madrid		A political regime that was founded after the abdication of Amadeo I of Spain and lasted until the January 1874 coup of Pavía.
Strandzha Commune	1903	Malko Tarnovo	Bulgaria & Türkiye	Rebel polities in the Ottoman Empire region during the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising.
Kruševo Republic		Kruševo	Montenegro
Shuliavka Republic	1905	Shuliavka	Russia	Revolutionary socialist states estabished during the Russian Revolution of 1905
Liubotyn Republic		Liubotyn
Chita Republic	1905–1906	Chita
Stary Buyan Republic		Volzhskiy
Markovo Republic		Markovo
Comrat Republic	1906	Comrat	Moldova
Free State of Ikaria	1912	Agios Kirykos	Greece	In the leadup to the First Balkan War the island of Icaria expelled the Ottoman garrisson on the island and declared independance and liberated the nearbye archipelago of Fournoi Korseon. The free state was later annexed by Greece and recognised as Greek territory by the Ottomans in the Treaty of London (1913).
Provisional Government of Western Thrace	1913	Komotini		An Ottoman backed autonomous state in Western Thrace when Bulgaria was awarded the region in the Treaty of Bucharest (1913), it was then occupied by French forces and later annexed by Greece
Republic of Central Albania	1913–1914	Durrës	Albania	A short lived state established, by future president of Albania, Essad Toptani in the aftermath of the Balkan Wars and lasted until William of Wied arrived and established the Principality of Albania.
Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus	1914	Gjirokastër		A provisional government established by Greeks in southern Albania after the First Balkan War.
Provisional Government of the Irish Republic	1916	Dublin	Ireland	The revolutionary government declared by Padraig Pearse in the Proclamation of the Irish Republic during the Easter Rising of 1916 and lasted until the supression of the uprising.
State of Thessaloniki		Thessaloniki	Greece	A parallel government established by former Greek Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos over King Constantine I's policy of neutrality during World War I.
Samarina Republic	1917	Samarina		An Italian backed attempt at creating an Aromanian state.
Special Transcaucasian Committee		Tbilisi	Georgia
Provisional Land Council of Courland		Tartu	Latvia	The Provisional Land Councils were temporary governing bodies formed amid revolutionary upheaval to address urgent land reforms and local self-governance.
Provisional Land Council of Vidzeme		Valmiera
Provisional Land Council of Latgale	1917-1918	Latgale
Iskolat		Cēsis & Valka		A pro-Communist governing body in Latvia established during the early stages of the Russian Revolution but soon fled to Moscow when the Germans occupied all of Latvia.
Borcali Karapapak Turkish Republic		Borcali	Georgia	A short-lived self-declared state established by Karapapak Turks amid regional upheaval and ethnic strife.
Russian Republic		Saint Petersburg	Russia	A short-lived state declared by the Russian Provisional Government after the fall of the Russian Empire soon desposed by the Bolsheviks.
Soviet Republic of Soldiers and Fortress-Builders of Naissaar		?	Estonia	A Soviet Republic, declared by Anarcho-syndicalist and future leader of the Kronstadt rebellion, Stepan Petrichenko and the crew of the battleship Petropavlovsk, on the Estonian island of Naissaar.
Moldavian Democratic Republic		Chișinău	Moldova	After the February Revolution the Sfatul Țării, a council of political, public, cultural, and professional organizations in the Governorate of Bessarabia, declared Moldova a autonomous state of the Russian Democratic Federative Republic until it was dissolved in the October Revolution. The Sfatul Țării fearing a Bolshevik invasion voted to unite with Romania.
Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets		Kharkiv	Ukraine	A short lived Soviet Republic of the Russian SFSR it later merged with the Odessa Soviet Republic to form the Ukrainian Soviet Republic.
Crimean People's Republic		Bakhchysarai
Ukrainian State	1918	Kyiv
Republic of Zakopane		Zakopane	Poland
Kingdom of Lithuania		Vilnius	Lithuania
United Baltic Duchy		Riga	Lithuania, Estonia & Latvia
Duchy of Courland and Semigallia		Riga	Latvia
Idel-Ural State		Ufa	Russia
Supreme Administration of Northern Region		Arkhangelsk	Russia
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs		Zagreb	Balkans
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic		Tbilisi	Georgia, Azerbaijan & Armenia
Republic of Heinzenland		Mattersburg	Austria
First Republic of Pińczów		Pińczów	Poland
Republic of Vorarlberg		Bregenz	Austria
Alsace Soviet Republic		Strasbourg	France
Banat Republic		Timișoara	Romania
Belarusian People's Republic		Minsk, Vilnius & Grodno	Belarus & Lithuania
Terek Soviet Republic		Pyatigorsk & Vladikavkaz	Russia
Don Soviet Republic		Rostov-on-Don	Russia
Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic		Kharkiv & Luhansk	Ukraine
Soldiers' Council of Strasbourg		Strasbourg	France
Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly		Samara	Russia
Mainz Workers' and Soldiers' Council		Mainz	Germany
Stavropol Soviet Republic		Stavropol	Russia
Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic		Simferopol	Ukraine
Crimean Regional Government		Simferopol	Ukraine
Provisional Government of the Amur Region		Blagoveshchensk	Russia
Republic of Ostrów		Ostrów Wielkopolski	Poland
Second Kingdom of Finland		Helsinki	Finland
Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic		Krasnodar	Russia
Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland		Warsaw	Poland
Centrocaspian Dictatorship		Baku	Azerbaijan
Baku Commune		Baku	Azerbaijan
People's State of Bavaria	1918 –1919	Munich	Germany
Free Socialist Republic of Germany		Berlin	Germany
Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government of Ukraine		Kharkiv	Ukraine
Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic		Vilnius	Lithuania
General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia		Novorossiysk	Russia
Finnish Democratic Republic		Helsinki, Terijoki	Finland
Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic		Helsinki	Finland
Republic of Tarnobrzeg		Tarnobrzeg	Poland
Komancza Republic		Komancza	Poland
West Ukrainian People's Republic		Lviv (to 21 November 1918) Ternopil (to end of 1918) Stanislaviv (Ivano-Frankivsk) Zalishchyky (early June 1919)	Ukraine
Commune of the Working People of Estonia		Narva	Estonia
South Russia		Ekaterinodar (January 1919–March 1920) Novorossiysk (March 1920) Sevastopol (from April 1920)	Russia
Republic of German-Austria		Vienna	Austria & Germany
Military Dictatorship of Mughan		Goytepe	Azerbaijan
Limerick Soviet	1919	Limerick	Ireland
Hutsul Republic		Yasinia	Ukraine
Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic		Vilnius Minsk	Lithuania & Belarus
Hungarian Soviet Republic		Budapest	Hungary
Slovak Soviet Republic		Prešov	Slovakia
Kingdom of Portugal		Porto	Portugal
Free State of Schwenten		Schwenten	Poland
Republic of Batumi		Batumi	Georgia
Provisional Government of White Karelia		Uhtua	Russia
People's State of Reuss		Gera	Germany
Bavarian Soviet Republic		Munich
Bremen Soviet Republic		Bremen
Republic of Prekmurje		Murska Sobota	Slovenia
Saxon Soviet Republic		Dresden	Germany
Würzburg Soviet Republic		Würzburg
Polish Soviet Socialist Republic		Warsaw	Poland
Knocklong Soviet		Knocklong	Ireland
Chigirin Soviet Republic		Chigirin	Ukraine
Hungarian Republic	1919 -1920	Budapest	Hungary
North Caucasian Emirate		Vedeno	Russia
Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee	1920	Smolensk	Poland
Galician Soviet Socialist Republic		Ternopil	Ukraine
Cork Harbour Soviet		Cork	Ireland
Soviet Government in Waterford		Waterford
Republic of Mirdita	1921	Prizren	Albania
Republic of Mountainous Armenia		Goris	Armenia
Lajtabánság		Oberwart	Hungary
Labin Republic		Labin	Croatia
Serbian-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic		Pécs	Hungary & Croatia
Bruree Soviet		Bruree	Ireland
Messenian Senate		Kalamata	Greece
Munster Republic	1922	?	Ireland
Rhenish Republic	1923	Aachen	Germany
Autonomous Palatinate	1924	Speyer
Tungus Republic	1924–1925	Ayan	Russia
Republic of Galicia	1931	Santiago de Compostela	Spain
Second Catalan Republic		Barcelona
Asturian Socialist Republic	1934	Oviedo
Catalan State		Barcelona
Popular Executive Committee of Valencia	1936-1937	Valencia
Madrid Defense Council		Madrid
Málaga Public Health Committee		Málaga
Regional Defence Council of Aragon	1936–1937	Fraga (until December 1936) Caspe (from December 1936)
Interprovincial Council of Santander, Palencia and Burgos	1937	Santander
Free City of Asch	1938	Asch	France
Autonomous Land of Slovakia	1938-1939	Bratislava	Slovakia
Second Czechoslovak Republic		Prague	Czechia & Slovakia
Military Administration in Poland	1939	Warsaw	Poland
Carpatho-Ukraine		Khust	Ukraine
National Legionary State	1940-1941	Bucharest	Romania
Provisional Popular Revolutionary Government of Chechnya-Ingushetia	1941-1944	Galanchozh	Russia	A provisional government established by Chechen ex-communist intellectual Hasan Israilov during the 1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya
Ukrainian National Government	1941	Lviv	Ukraine
Republic of Užice		Užice	Serbia
Provisional Government of Lithuania		Vilnius	Lithuania
French Governmental Commission for the Defense of National Interests		Sigmaringen Castle	France
Italian Corsica	1942-1943	Ajaccio
Bihać Republic		Bihać	Serbia
German-occupied territory of Montenegro	1943-1944	Cetinje	Montenegro
Belarusian Central Council		Minsk	Belarus
German occupation of Albania		Tirana	Albania
Polish Committee of National Liberation	1944	Warsaw	Poland
Free Republic of Vercors		Vassieux-en-Vercors	France
Republic of Alto Monferrato		Nizza Monferrato	Italy
Republic of Bobbio		Bobbio
Independent Macedonia		Skopje	Macedonia
Second Republic of Pińczów		Pińczów	Poland
Republic of Ossola		Ossola	Italy
Republic of Alba		Alba
Republic of the Taro Valley		Compile
Reichskommissariat of Belgium and Northern France		Brussels	Belgium
Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland	1944–1945	Warsaw (de jure) Lublin (de facto)	Poland
Provisional National Government of Hungary		Budapest	Hungary
Flensburg Government	1945	Flensburg	Germany
Greater Hesse	1945-1946	Wiesbaden
Enclave of Police		Police	Poland
State of Hanover	1946	Hanover	Germany
Faroe Islands		Tórshavn	Denmark
Republic of Rose Island	1968	None	Italy
Republic of Sbarre Centrali	1970-1971	Reggio Calabria
Autonomous Turkish Cypriot Administration	1974-1975	Nicosia	Northern Cyprus
National Salvation Junta	1974–1975	Lisbon	Portugal
Free Republic of Wendland	1980	N/A	Germany
Czechoslovak Federative Republic	1990	Prague	Czechia & Slovakia
Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic	1990-1991	Tiraspol	Moldova
SAO Bosanska Krajina		Banja Luka	Bosnia and Herzegovina
SAO Krajina		Knin
SAO North-East Bosnia		Bijeljina
SAO Northern Bosnia		Doboj
SAO Romanija		Pale
SAO Herzegovina		Trebinje
SAO Ozren-Posavina		Orašje
SAO Birač		?
Polish National-Territorial Region		Naujoji Vilnia	Lithuania
Dubrovnik Republic	1991-1992	Dubrovnik	Croatia
Ilirida	1992	Tetovo	Macedonia
Islamic Djamaat of Dagestan	1998-1999	Kadar	Russia	An Islamist political entity established in the Buynaksky District, Dagestan during the War in Dagestan
Tatarstan	2008	Kazan	Russia
Gezi Park Commune	2013	Gezi Park	Turkey
Republic of Crimea	2014	Simferopol	Ukraine
Second Republic of Ilirida		Tetovo	Macedonia
Odessa People's Republic		Odesa	Ukraine
Kharkov People's Republic		Kharkiv
Republic of Stakhanov	2014-2015	Stakhanov
Novorossiya		Donetsk & Luhansk
Third Catalan Republic	2017	Barcelona	Spain
Kherson	2022	Kherson	Ukraine
Zaporozhye		Melitopol

North America

Name	Date	Capital	Now Part Of	Notes
Trans-Oconee Republic	1794	?	United States
Republic of West Florida	1810	St. Francisville
Republic of South Haiti		Port-au-Prince	Hati and Dominican Republic
Republic of East Florida	1812	Amelia Island	United States
First Republic of Texas	1812-1813	San Antonio
Northern America	1813	Chilpancingo	Mexico
Republic of the Floridas	1817	Fernandina Beach	United States
Republic of Texas	1819	Nacogdoches
Republic of Spanish Haiti	1821–1822	Santo Domingo	Hati
United Provinces of Central America	1823-1824	Guatemala City	Central America
Provisional Government of Mexico		Mexico City	Mexico
Republic of Madawaska	1827	?	Canada
Republic of Canada	1837–1838	Navy Island
Republic of Lower Canada	1838	Napierville
Republic of the Rio Grande	1840	Laredo	United States
Republic of the Sierra Madre		?	Mexico
Republic of Tabasco	1841, 1845 & 1846	Villahermosa	Mexico
State of Deseret	1846	Salt Lake City	United States
California Republic		?
State of Los Altos	1848–1849	Quetzaltenango	Guatemala
The Great Republic of Rough and Ready	1850	Rough and Ready	United States
Republic of Sonora	1853–1854	La Paz	Mexico
Republic of Baja California
Palmetto Republic	1861	Columbia	United States
Alabama Republic		Montgomery
Republic of Louisiana		Baton Rouge, Opelousas, Shreveport
North Carolina		Raleigh
Tennessee		Nashville
Mississippi		Jackson
Virginia		Richmond
Kingdom of Callaway		Fulton
Republic of Puerto Rico	1868 & 1898	Lares
Provisional Government of Saskatchewan	1885	Batoche	Canada
United States of Central America	1898	Amapala	Central America
Republic of Tule	1925	Gaigirgordub	Panama
McDonald Territory	1961-1962	Anderson	United States
Provisional Government of the Republic of Texas	c.1996-1997	?	United States	Group started by Richard Lance "Rick" McLaren that had a presence in the Davis Mountain Resort. See Davis Mountain Resort hostage crisis

Oceania

Name	Date	Capital	Now Part Of
Australian Empire	1804	Castle Hill, New South Wales	Australia
Independent Commune of Franceville	1889–1890	Port Vila	Vanutu
Provisional Government of Hawaii	1893–1894	Honolulu	United States
Republic of Minerva	1972	none	Tonga
Tanna Nation	1974	Lenakel	Vanuatu
Republic of the North Solomons	1975–1976	Arawa	Papua New Guinea
People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu	1977–1978	Port Vila	Vanutu
Tafea Nation	1980	Lenakel
Republic of Vemerana		Luganville
N'Makiaute		Lakatoro
Republic of Rotuma	1987–1988	Ituʻtiʻu	Fiji
Republic of West Melanesia	1988	Jayapura	Indonesia

South America

Name	Date	Capital	Now Part Of
Supreme Junta	1810	Caracas	Venezuela
First Republic of Venezuela	1811–1812	Valencia
Second Republic of Venezuela	1813–1814	Caracas
Pernambuco	1817	Recife	Brazil
Republic of Entre Ríos	1820–1821	Concepción del Uruguay	Argentina
Republic of Tucumán	1820–1821	San Miguel de Tucumán
Zulia	1821	Maracaibo	Venezuela
Protectorate of Peru	1821–1822	Lima	Peru
Independent Republic of Hualqui	1823	Hualqui	Chile
Confederation of the Equator	1824	Recife?	Brazil
State of Upper Peru	1825	La Paz	Bolivia
Republic of Bolivar
Republic of Alto Perú	1828
United Government of Casanare	1830-1831	Pore	Colombia
Peruvian Republic	1837	Lima & Arequipa	Peru
Bahia Republic	1837-1838	Salvador	Brazil
Peruvian Republic	1838–1839	Lima	Peru
Juliana Republic	1839	Laguna	Brazil
Provisional Government of Atacama	1859	Copiapo	Chile
Sovereign State of Quindío	1860	Cartago	Colombia
Transatlantic Republic of Mato Grosso	1892	Corumba	Brazil
Manhuassu Republic	1896	Manhuassu, Minas Gerais
Federal State of Loreto		Iquitos	Peru
Jungle Nation	1899–1900	Moyobamba
Republic of Acre	1903	Porto Acre	Brazil
Republic of Arauca	1916-1917	Arauca	Columbia
Third Federal State of Loreto	1921-1922	Iquitos	Peru & Ecuador
Socialist Republic of Chile	1932	Santiago	Chile
State of Maracaju		Campo Grande	Brazil
State of São Paulo		São Paulo
Socialist Republic of Brazil	1935	Rio de Janeiro
State Union of Jeová	1952-1953	Cotaxé
Provisional Government Committee of Rupununi	1969	Lethem	Guyana
Military Administration of the Malvinas, South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands	1982	Puerto Argentino	United Kingdom
Republic of Airrecú	1993	?	Nicaragua

Antartica

Name	Date	Capital	Now Part Of	Description
Yamato Yukihara	1912	N/A	Ross Dependency	An unrecognised Japanese Antarctic claim made by Imperial Japanese Army Lieutenant Nobu Shirase, spanning the entirety of the Ross Ice Shelf, but was not recognised by the Japanese government.

See also

• List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies
• List of former sovereign states
• Provisional government

References

Category:Lists of countries Category:Former unrecognized countries