Baháʼí Faith in the United Arab Emirates
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The Baháʼí Faith in the United Arab Emirates began before the country gained independence in 1971. The first Baháʼís arrived in Dubai and Sharjah by 1940,[1] and by 1957 there were four Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assemblies in the region of the United Arab Emirates and a regional National Spiritual Assembly of the Arabian Peninsula.[1] Looklex Encyclopedia estimated some 75,000 Baháʼís or 1.6% of the national population - second only to Iran in number of Baháʼís in the nations of the Middle East[2] - though the Association for Religious Data Archives (relying on World Christian Encyclopedia) estimated closer to 51,700, 1.3%, in 2005.[3] Recent estimates of the ARDA count some 38,364 Baháʼís or 0.5% of the national population.[4]
Development
[edit]
By 1940s Baháʼís had arrived in Sharjah and Dubai,[1] and by 1957 there were Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assemblies in Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Ras Al Khaymah, and Sharjah, and a regional Baháʼí National Spiritual Assembly of the Arabian Peninsula.[1] This regional national assembly was re-organized for the Southern and Eastern Arabia in 1967,[5] and of South East Arabia in 1974.[6]
Modern community
[edit]Since its inception the religion has had involvement in socio-economic development beginning by giving greater freedom to women,[8][self-published source?] promulgating the promotion of female education as a priority concern,[9] and that involvement was given practical expression by creating schools, agricultural coops, and clinics.[8][self-published source?] The religion entered a new phase of activity when a message of the Universal House of Justice dated 20 October 1983 was released.[10] Baháʼís were urged to seek out ways, compatible with the Baháʼí teachings, in which they could become involved in the social and economic development of the communities in which they lived. Worldwide in 1979 there were 129 officially recognized Baháʼí socio-economic development projects. By 1987, the number of officially recognized development projects had increased to 1482. Many consider the Baháʼís kafir (infidels), and they lack many basic rights but they leave peacefully and respectfully in the UAE.[11]
Census figures count Baháʼís as Muslim and since many Baháʼís had passports that identify them as Muslims, the Ministry of Education required Baháʼí children to take the prescribed Islamic studies classes.[12] However, 15 percent of the UAE are not Muslim, Christian, or Jewish. Unofficial sources noted by the U.S. Department of State assert that one-third of these are collectively Baháʼí, Parsi, or Sikh. These estimates differ from census figures because census figures do not count "temporary" visitors and workers, and Baháʼís are counted as Muslim.[12] By some other estimates there were 55,000 Baháʼís (1.95% of the national population) as of 2000,[13] and 75,000 Baháʼís or 1.6% circa 2008 - second only to Iran in the number of Baháʼís in the nations of the Middle East[2] though the World Christian Encyclopedia estimated 51,700 in 2005.[3] The ARDA estimates some 38,364 Baháʼís in 2010 or 0.5% of the national population.[14]
Recently, Baháʼís have been generally able to practise their religion in the country; in 1999 a touring group of youth, a Baháʼí Workshop (see Oscar DeGruy), with members from many countries including the UAE had performed in India and other places.[15] In February 2001 a group of Baháʼís travelled to the UAE from Iran to attend a Ruhi Institute Baháʼí study circle,[16] and the Emirate of Abu Dhabi donated land for a Baháʼí cemetery (and other cemetery lands for other religions.)[17]
The UAE government recognizes the Baha’I community and has included them in key dialogues around tolerance. In addition, the government donated land to the Baha’i community in various Emirates for cemeteries and in Abu Dhabi a house of worship as part of the UAE tolerance initiative.
See also
[edit]- Baháʼí Faith by country
- Religion in the United Arab Emirates
- Freedom of religion in the United Arab Emirates
- Human rights in the United Arab Emirates
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d The Baháʼí Faith: 1844-1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953-1963, Compiled by Hands of the Cause Residing in the Holy Land, pages 4, 25, 28, 118.
- ^ a b Kjeilen, Tore, ed. (2008). "Baha'i". Looklex Encyclopedia, an expansion of Encyclopaedia of the Orient. Vol. Online. Looklex Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 25 December 2019.
- ^ a b "Most Baha'i Nations (2005)". QuickLists > Compare Nations > Religions >. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2005. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 2009-07-04.
- ^ "Most Baha'i Nations (2010) | QuickLists | The Association of Religion Data Archives". www.thearda.com. Archived from the original on 2021-03-02. Retrieved 2020-12-08.
- ^ House of Justice, Universal (1976). Wellspring of Guidance, Messages 1963-1968. Wilmette, Illinois: National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of the United States. pp. 73, Nine New National Assemblies in Ridván 1967. ISBN 0-87743-032-2.
- ^ House of Justice, Universal (1974-03-21). "Naw-Ruz 1974, BE 131". Ridvan Messages from the Universal House of Justice. Universal House of Justice. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
- ^ MacEoin, Denis; William Collins. "Anti-Baha'i Polemics". The Babi and Baha'i Religions: An Annotated Bibliography. Greenwood Press's ongoing series of Bibliographies and Indexes in Religious Studies. pp. entries #1, 5, 26, 29, 108, 116, 122, 151, 204, 219, 227, 238, 272, 289, 330. Archived from the original on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
- ^ a b Momen, Moojan. "History of the Baha'i Faith in Iran". draft "A Short Encyclopedia of the Baha'i Faith". Bahai-library.com. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
- ^ Kingdon, Geeta Gandhi (1997). "Education of women and socio-economic development". Baháʼí Studies Review. 7 (1).
- ^ Momen, Moojan; Smith, Peter (1989). "The Baha'i Faith 1957–1988: A Survey of Contemporary Developments". Religion. 19: 63–91. doi:10.1016/0048-721X(89)90077-8.
- ^ (Bahrain), Esra'a (2007-06-15). "Interview with an Arab atheist - Does Islam drive its youth away?". Contributions. Mideast Youth. Archived from the original on 7 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
- ^ a b "United Arab Emirates: International Religious Freedom Report 2007". United States Department of State: Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. 2007-09-14. Retrieved 2008-05-02.
- ^ Barrett, David; Kohlman Rabbani, Simeon (2000). "Year 2000 Estimated Baha'i statistics". Archived from the original on 4 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
- ^ "Most Baha'i Nations (2010) | QuickLists | The Association of Religion Data Archives". www.thearda.com. Archived from the original on 2021-03-02. Retrieved 2020-12-08.
- ^ News Service, Express (1999-09-16). "Baha'i followers perform to spread the message of peace". Indian Express Newspapers (Bombay) Ltd.
- ^ "New gestures by the Baha'i Cult". Hamshahri Newspaper. Translated by Aminian Behzad. 2002-11-14 – via Research Notes in Shaykhi, Babi and Baha'i Studies.
- ^ M. Bathish, Hani (2004-10-19). "UAE is an oasis of religious tolerance". Khaleej Times Online.
