Zirconium(IV) sulfate

Zirconium(IV) sulfate
Names
	Other names zirconium disulfate
Identifiers
CAS Number	14644-61-2 ; 111378-69-9 ; 7446-31-3 (tetrahydrate) ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	24960;
ECHA InfoCard	100.035.162
EC Number	238-694-4;
PubChem CID	26793;
RTECS number	ZH9100000;
UNII	01SJA33642 ; OS8L03QU95 (tetrahydrate) ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0021466 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/2H2O4S.Zr/c21-5(2,3)4;/h2(H2,1,2,3,4);/q;;+4/p-4 Key: ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J;
	SMILES [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Zr+4];
Properties
Chemical formula	Zr(SO4)2(H2O)x ( x = 0, 4, 5, 7)
Molar mass	285.35 g/mol (anhydrous) ; 355.40 g/mol (tetrahydrate)
Appearance	White solids
Density	3.22 g/cm3 (anhydrous) ; 2.85 g/cm3 (tetrahydrate)
Solubility in water	52.5 g/100 mL (tetrahydrate)
Refractive index (nD)	1.646
Structure
Crystal structure	orthorhombic
Hazards
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	3500 mg/kg (rat, oral)
Related compounds
Other cations	Titanium sulfate; Hafnium sulfate
Related compounds	Zirconyl sulfate
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Zirconium(IV) sulfate is the name for a family of inorganic salts with the formula Zr(SO₄)₂(H₂O)_n where n = 0, 4, 5, or 7. These species are related by the degree of hydration. They are white or colorless solids that are soluble in water.

Preparation and structure

Zirconium sulfate is prepared by the action of sulfuric acid on zirconium oxide:

ZrO₂ + 2 H₂SO₄ + H₂O → Zr(SO₄)₂(H₂O)_x

The anhydrous sulfate is also known.

These compounds adopt complex structures featuring 7- and 8-coordinated Zr centres. Both water and sulfate serve as ligands.^[2]^[3]

Uses

Zirconium sulfate is used in tanning white leather, as a catalyst support, to precipitate proteins and amino acids, and as a pigment stabilizer.

References

^ "Zirconium compounds (as Zr)". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ Bear, I. J.; Mumme, W. G. (1969). "The crystal chemistry of zirconium sulphates. III. The structure of the β-pentahydrate, Zr2(SO4)4(H2O)8.2H2O, and the inter-relationship of the four higher hydrates". Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 25 (8): 1572–1581. doi:10.1107/S0567740869004341.
^ Squattrito, Philip J.; Rudolf, Philip R.; Clearfield, Abraham (1987). "Crystal structure of a complex basic zirconium sulfate". Inorganic Chemistry. 26 (25): 4240–4244. doi:10.1021/ic00272a020.

[1] "Zirconium compounds (as Zr)". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[2] Bear, I. J.; Mumme, W. G. (1969). "The crystal chemistry of zirconium sulphates. III. The structure of the β-pentahydrate, Zr2(SO4)4(H2O)8.2H2O, and the inter-relationship of the four higher hydrates". Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 25 (8): 1572–1581. doi:10.1107/S0567740869004341.

[3] Squattrito, Philip J.; Rudolf, Philip R.; Clearfield, Abraham (1987). "Crystal structure of a complex basic zirconium sulfate". Inorganic Chemistry. 26 (25): 4240–4244. doi:10.1021/ic00272a020.

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