SMS Hyäne (1860)
 Hyäne's sister Fuchs
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
.svg){kind=small} Prussia | |
| Name | Hyäne |
| Builder | Keier & Devrient, Danzig |
| Laid down | 1859 |
| Launched | April 1860 |
| Commissioned | 1860 |
| Decommissioned | 20 May 1871 |
| Stricken | 17 July 1873 |
| Fate | Sunk as a target ship |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Gunboat |
| Displacement | |
| Length | 41.2 m (135 ft 2 in) |
| Beam | 6.69 m (21 ft 11 in) |
| Draft | 2.2 m (7 ft 3 in) |
| Installed power | |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed | 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) |
| Complement |
|
| Armament |
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SMS Hyäne was a steam gunboat of the Jäger class built for the Prussian Navy in the late 1850s and early 1860s. The ship was ordered as part of a program to strengthen Prussia's coastal defense forces, then oriented against neighboring Denmark. She was armed with a battery of three guns. The ship saw very little activity during her career. She was activated during the Second Schleswig War against Denmark in 1864, and she saw brief action during the Battle of Jasmund on 17 March. She next recommissioned during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, but she did not engage any French warships. In poor condition by that time, she was struck from the naval register in 1873 and sunk as a target ship.
Design
[edit]The Jäger class of gunboats came about as a result of a program to strengthen the Prussian Navy in the late 1850s in the aftermath of the dissolution of the Reichsflotte and in the midst of rising tensions with Denmark. In 1859, Prince Regent Wilhelm approved a construction program for some fifty-two gunboats to be built over the next fifteen years, which began with the fifteen vessels of the Jäger class.[1]
Hyäne was 41.2 meters (135 ft 2 in) long overall, with a beam of 6.69 m (21 ft 11 in) and a draft of 2.2 m (7 ft 3 in). She displaced 237 metric tons (233 long tons) normally and 283 t (279 long tons) at full load. The ship's crew consisted of 2 officers and 38 enlisted men. She was powered by a pair of marine steam engines that drove one 3-bladed screw propeller, with steam provided by four coal-fired trunk boilers, which gave her a top speed of 9.1 knots (16.9 km/h; 10.5 mph) at 220 metric horsepower (220 ihp). As built, she was equipped with a three-masted schooner rig, which was later removed. The ship was armed with a battery of one rifled 24-pounder muzzle-loading gun and two rifled 12-pounder muzzle-loading guns.[2][3]
Service history
[edit]Hyäne was built at the Keier & Devrient shipyard in Danzig. Her keel was laid down in 1859 and she was launched in April 1860.[2] The ship was commissioned in late 1860 for a brief period of sea trials, after which she was moved to Stralsund, where she was laid up at the nearby island of Dänholm.[4] While out of service, her copper sheathing was removed from her hull so ventilation holes could be cut into the outer planking. Her entire propulsion system, including the masts and the funnel, was removed and a roof was erected over the hull to keep the elements out.[5]
Following the outbreak of the Second Schleswig War in February 1864, Hyäne was commissioned for the first time on 11 February as the Prussian Navy mobilized for war. She was assigned to I Flotilla Division, along with several other gunboats.[4] The flotilla was deployed on 17 March to support Captain Eduard von Jachmann's corvettes as they attempted to break the Danish blockade, but the gunboats were only lightly engaged during the ensuing Battle of Jasmund. Jachmann had ordered them to take up a position closer to land to cover a potential withdrawal, and so they were too far to take part in the main action. Nevertheless, as the Danish steam frigate Tordenskjold arrived to reinforce the main squadron, Scorpion and the other gunboats fired on her from afar. Tordenskjold's commander ignored the gunboats and continued south to join the fight with Jachmann's corvettes, firing only a few broadsides at the gunboats in passing, with neither side scoring any hits. As the Danes continued south in pursuit of Jachmann's ships, the gunboats withdrew back to Stralsund, though they had to take Hay under tow after her engines broke down.[6] In June, Hyäne was withdrawn from frontline service, and in early October, shew was decommissioned.[4]
Hyäne was recommissioned briefly in 1869 to move her from Dänholm to Kiel, being in service only from 29 June to 9 July. The ship next saw active service in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War. She was recommissioned on 24 July, and then sent through the Eider Canal to the North Sea, where she was assigned to the squadron defending the Prussian naval base at Wilhelmshaven. On 28 January 1871, she was transferred to the flotilla guarding the mouth of the Elbe river. Hyäne was decommissioned at Wilhelmshaven on 20 May. An inspection of the hull in 1872 revealed that it was in badly rotted, so she was struck from the naval register on 17 July 1873. The ship's boilers were still in good condition, so they were installed aboard her sister Fuchs. Hyäne was then expended as a target ship.[4]
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- Embree, Michael (2007). Bismarck's First War: The Campaign of Schleswig and Jutland 1864. Solihull: Helion & Co Ltd. ISBN 978-1-906033-03-3.
- Gröner, Erich (1990). German Warships: 1815–1945. Vol. I: Major Surface Vessels. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-790-6.
- Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993). Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe: Biographien – ein Spiegel der Marinegeschichte von 1815 bis zur Gegenwart [The German Warships: Biographies − A Reflection of Naval History from 1815 to the Present] (in German). Vol. 4. Ratingen: Mundus Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7822-0382-1.
- Lyon, David (1979). "Germany". In Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M. (eds.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 240–265. ISBN 978-0-85177-133-5.
- Nottelmann, Dirk (2022). "The Development of the Small Cruiser in the Imperial German Navy Part III: The Gunboats". In Jordan, John (ed.). Warship 2022. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. pp. 63–79. ISBN 978-1-4728-4781-2.