Portal:Ethiopia

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
የኢትዮጵያ ፌደራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ (Amharic)
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia የኢትዮጵያ ፌደራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ (Amharic)
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	Anthem: ; [ወደፊት ገስግሺ ፣ ውድ እናት ኢትዮጵያ] Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: \|bold= (help); (English: "March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia");
ISO 3166 code	ET

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Introduction

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Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Kenya to the south, South Sudan to the west, and Sudan to the northwest. Ethiopia covers a land area of 1,104,300 square kilometres (426,400 sq mi). As of 2024^[update], it is home to around 132 million inhabitants, making it the 10th-most populous country in the world, the 2nd-most populous in Africa after Nigeria, and the most populated landlocked country on Earth. The national capital and largest city, Addis Ababa, lies several kilometres west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the African and Somali tectonic plates.

Anatomically modern humans emerged from modern-day Ethiopia and set out for the Near East and elsewhere in the Middle Paleolithic period. In 980 BC, the Kingdom of D'mt extended its realm over Eritrea and the northern region of Ethiopia, while the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region for 900 years. Christianity was embraced by the kingdom in 330, and Islam arrived by the first Hijra in 615. After the collapse of Aksum in 960, the Zagwe dynasty ruled the north-central parts of Ethiopia until being overthrown by Yekuno Amlak in 1270, inaugurating the Ethiopian Empire and the Solomonic dynasty, claimed descent from the biblical Solomon and Queen of Sheba under their son Menelik I. By the 14th century, the empire had grown in prestige through territorial expansion and fighting against adjacent territories; most notably, the Ethiopian–Adal War (1529–1543) contributed to fragmentation of the empire, which ultimately fell under a decentralization known as Zemene Mesafint in the mid-18th century. Emperor Tewodros II ended Zemene Mesafint at the beginning of his reign in 1855, marking the reunification and modernization of Ethiopia. (Full article...)

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Reconstruction of the skull at the National Museum of Ethiopia

Australopithecus garhi is a species of australopithecine from the Bouri Formation in the Afar Region of Ethiopia 2.6–2.5 million years ago (mya) during the Early Pleistocene. The first remains were described in 1999 based on several skeletal elements uncovered in the three years preceding. A. garhi was originally considered to have been a direct ancestor to Homo and the human line, but is now thought to have been an offshoot. Like other australopithecines, A. garhi had a brain volume of 450 cc (27 cu in); a jaw which jutted out (prognathism); relatively large molars and premolars; adaptations for both walking on two legs (bipedalism) and grasping while climbing (arboreality); and it is possible that, though unclear if, males were larger than females (exhibited sexual dimorphism). One individual, presumed female based on size, may have been 140 cm (4 ft 7 in) tall.

A. garhi is the first pre-Homo hominin postulated to have manufactured tools—using them in butchering—and may be counted among a growing body of evidence for pre-Homo stone tool industries (the ability to manufacture tools was previously believed to have separated Homo from predecessors.) A. garhi possibly produced the Oldowan industry which was previously considered to have been invented by the later H. habilis, though this may have instead been produced by contemporary Homo.

Hominin timeline

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Miocene

Pliocene

Pleistocene

Hominini

Nakalipithecus

Samburupithecus

Ouranopithecus
(Ou. turkae)
(Ou. macedoniensis)

Chororapithecus

Oreopithecus

Sivapithecus

Sahelanthropus

Graecopithecus

Orrorin

(O. praegens)
(O. tugenensis)

Ardipithecus

(Ar. kadabba)

(Ar. ramidus)

Australopithecus
(Au. africanus)
(Au. afarensis)
(Au. anamensis)

H. habilis
(H. rudolfensis)
(Au. garhi)

H. erectus
(H. antecessor)
(H. ergaster)
(Au. sediba)

H. heidelbergensis

Homo sapiens

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Earliest sign of Ardipithecus

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Earliest sign of Australopithecus

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Earliest stone tools

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Earliest sign of
Homo

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Dispersal beyond Africa

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Earliest language

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Earliest rock art

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Earliest clothes

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Modern humans

H o m i n i d s

P a r a n t h r o p u s

(million years ago)

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Bekele in 2013

Sophia Bekele Eshete (Amharic: ሶፍያ በቀለ; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) is an entrepreneur, corporate executive, governance and risk management specialist, policy advisor on ICT, Internet and cybersecurity, public commentator, and philanthropist.

As an entrepreneur, Bekele has founded and run various companies and initiatives. She is presently the founder and CEO of DotConnectAfrica (DCA) Group based in Mauritius and has a presence in East Africa and the USA. She is the founder of a 6 year "Yes2dotAfrica" global awareness campaign, for re-branding Africa using the .africa top-level internet domain name and founder and CEO of tech start-ups, CBSegroup in California and SbCommunications Network (SbCnet) plc, based in Addis Ababa. Aside from her entrepreneurship ventures, Bekele worked for multinational Fortune 500 Companies in the US. (Full article...)

List of selected biographies

General images - load new batch

The following are images from various Ethiopia-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Development of GDP per capita (from Ethiopia)
Image 2The Empire of Axum at its peak in the 6th century. (from Ethiopia)
Image 3A Homo sapiens idaltu hominid skull (from Ethiopia)
Image 4An Ethiopian logistics shipping cargo docked at the Red Sea (from Ethiopia)
Image 5Abebe Bikila, Ethiopia's first Olympic gold medalist (from Ethiopia)
Image 6Cultural performance in Addis Ababa (from Ethiopia)
Image 7The Addis Ababa Science Museum of Art and Science serves as the country's biggest hub which showcases the country's newest innovations (from Ethiopia)
Image 8Map of regions and zones of Ethiopia (from Ethiopia)
Image 9Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi (bottom row, fourth from left) in G8 Group meeting in 2007 (from Ethiopia)
Image 10The Ethiopian Empire during the Middle Ages (from Ethiopia)
Image 11Afewerk Tekle's "The Last Judgment" at St. George's Capel (from Ethiopia)
Image 12Aksumite currency of the Aksumite king Endubis, 227–35, at the British Museum. (from Ethiopia)
Image 13Emperor Haile Selassie I with U.S. President Roosevelt during the end of World War II (from Ethiopia)
Image 14House of Peoples' Representatives is the lower house of the Ethiopian Federal Parliamentary Assembly (from Ethiopia)
Image 15Sheger Park is the largest park in the country, hosting hundreds of thousands of visitors a year since its opening (from Ethiopia)
Image 16Over 5 million residents live in Addis Ababa the epicenter of the nation's economy (from Ethiopia)
Image 17Mengistu Haile Mariam was sentenced to death in absentia for committing crimes during his rule (from Ethiopia)
Image 18The Blue Nile falls during winter provides over 86 percent of the Nile river's water coming from melted snow in the Simien mountains below 0. (from Ethiopia)
Image 19Relief map of Ethiopia (from Ethiopia)
Image 20Fasil Ghebbi, one of the key castles of the Gondarine period. (from Ethiopia)
Image 21Köppen climate classification of Ethiopia (from Ethiopia)
Image 22The Aksumite Steles served as an official maker for the Emperors of Ethiopia during the time of the Aksumite Empire (from Ethiopia)
Image 23The Federal Supreme Court is the highest court determining constitutionality of ordeals in the nation (from Ethiopia)
Image 24A Walia Ibex in Simien Mountains National Park, one of the national symbols of Ethiopia, found only in the north of the country (from Ethiopia)
Image 25Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) training under AMISOM, 2021 (from Ethiopia)
Image 26Addis Ababa seen at nighttime, the financial epicenter of the country (from Ethiopia)
Image 27The Ethiopian New Year or Enkutatash is celebrated with the adey abeba flower symbolising a new beginning, each year across the country (from Ethiopia)
Image 28Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed with Russian President Vladimir Putin in 2023 (from Ethiopia)
Image 29Ethiopian civil conflict: territorial control as of September 2023 (from Ethiopia)
Image 30Yared in a piece of 15th century Ethiopian sacred art holding a mequamia (prayer stick) (from Ethiopia)
Image 31The African Union Headquarters located in Addis Ababa since its conception, Ethiopia is a founding member to the AU (from Ethiopia)
Image 32The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam currently under construction is set to be the largest dam in Africa (from Ethiopia)
Image 33The Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation former headquarters in Addis Ababa (from Ethiopia)
Image 34Entrance of Addis Ababa University (from Ethiopia)
Image 35Declining child mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa and Ethiopia since 1950 (from Ethiopia)
Image 36The Church of Saint George, Lalibela a pilgrimage site for Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church; the site is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela". (from Ethiopia)
Image 37This meal consisting of injera and several kinds of wat (stew) is typical of Ethiopian cuisine. (from Ethiopia)
Image 38Addis Ababa seen from the air, 2024 (from Ethiopia)
Image 39Ethiopian troops sent by the government under the Emperor Haile Selassie I during the Korean War fighting for South Korean independence (from Ethiopia)

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Selected pictures

Image 1

The black-chested snake eagle (Circaetus pectoralis) is a large African bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It resembles other snake eagles and was formerly considered conspecific with the short-toed and Beaudouin's snake eagles, to which it is closely related. As well as feeding on snakes, which may be swallowed while still alive, it feeds on lizards, small mammals, frogs and insects. It typically perches in an elevated position ready to swoop silently to capture its prey, before returning to its perch to eat.

Photo credit: Charles J. Sharp
Image 2

Saint George (died 23 April 303) was a soldier of Cappadocian Greek origin. A member of Roman emperor Diocletian's Praetorian Guard, he was sentenced to death for refusing to recant his Christian faith. He is immortalised in the legend of Saint George and the Dragon and his feast day is celebrated on 23 April. Saint George is claimed as their patron saint by England, Ethiopia, Georgia, Catalonia and several other nation states, as well as by various cities, universities, professions and organisations.

Painting credit: Carlo Crivelli
Image 3

Haile Selassie I was Ethiopia's regent from 1916 to 1930 and Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. The heir to a dynasty that traced its origins to the 13th century, and from there by tradition back to King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, he is a defining figure in both Ethiopian and African history. Selassie is revered as the religious symbol for God incarnate among the Rastafari movement, whose name comes from Ras (literally "Head," an Ethiopian title equivalent to Duke), and Tafari Makonnen, Selassie's pre-coronation name.

Photo credit: American Colony, Jerusalem
Image 4

The black-headed lapwing (Vanellus tectus tectus) is a resident breeder located across sub-Saharan Africa, living in locations ranging from Senegal to Ethiopia.

Photo credit: Charles J. Sharp
Image 5

The plains zebra (Equus quagga, subspecies Grant's zebra pictured) is the most common and geographically widespread species of zebra. It ranges from the south of Ethiopia through East Africa to as far south as Angola and eastern South Africa. The plains zebra is mid-sized, smaller on average than the other two zebra species, and thick-bodied with relatively short legs. Adults of both sexes can stand from 1.1 to 1.47 m (3.6 to 4.8 ft) high at the shoulder, are 2 to 2.5 m (6.6 to 8.2 ft) long (excluding the tail), and weigh 175 to 387 kg (386 to 853 lb), with males slightly heavier than females.

Photo credit: Muhammad Mahdi Karim

Did you know - load new batch

... that Aguil Chut-Deng took 22 child refugees from South Sudan to Ethiopia during civil war so that they could attend school?
... that the government of Ethiopia's SNNP Region supported local governments calling for a referendum to secede from the region?
... that Liberian paramount chief Tamba Taylor worked as a tailor and claimed to have sewn clothes for Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie and Ghanaian president Kwame Nkrumah?
... that Quintin Johnstone advocated giving control of an American-governed law school to native Ethiopians?