Xiahou Wei
Xiahou Wei | |
|---|---|
| 夏侯威 | |
| Inspector of Yan Province (兗州刺史) | |
| In office ?–? | |
| Monarch | ? |
| Inspector of Jing Province (荊州刺史) | |
| In office ?–? | |
| Monarch | ? |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Unknown[1] |
| Died | Unknown[2] |
| Children |
|
| Parents |
|
| Occupation | Military general and politician |
| Courtesy name | Jiquan (季權) |
Xiahou Wei (fl. third century), courtesy name Jiquan, was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the fourth son of Xiahou Yuan and a maternal great-grandfather of Emperor Yuan of the Eastern Jin dynasty, being the grandfather of Emperor Yuan's mother Xiahou Guangji.
Life
[edit]Xiahou Wei was the fourth son of Xiahou Yuan, a general who served under Cao Cao, the warlord who laid the foundation for the Cao Wei state in the late Eastern Han dynasty before the Three Kingdoms period. His mother, whose maiden family name was Ding (丁), was a younger sister of Cao Cao's first wife. Xiahou Wei was close friends with Cao Cao's sons, including Cao Pi and Cao Zhi. He also knew Yang Hu since young and felt that he was an extraordinary talent, so he advised his second brother Xiahou Ba to arrange a marriage between Yang Hu and Xiahou Ba's daughter.[3] Yang Hu later became a famous general in the late Three Kingdoms period and the Jin dynasty (266–420).
Xiahou Wei once met the fortune teller Zhu Jianping (朱建平), who told him, "You'll become a provincial governor by the age of 48, but you'll also encounter a major calamity. If you survive the calamity, you'll live up to 69 and will even become a ducal minister." Xiahou Wei consecutively served as the Inspector (刺史) of Jing and Yan provinces under the Cao Wei state before his 48th birthday. However, just as Zhu Jianping foretold, Xiahou Wei became critically ill by the end of the year. He thought that he would not survive, so he instructed his family to prepare for his funeral. To his surprise, he recovered from his illness towards the end of the 12th lunar month, so he threw a banquet on the eve of the Lunar New Year to celebrate. He told his guests, "I have recovered from my illness. When the sun rises tomorrow, I'll be 49 years old. I have survived the calamity that Zhu Jianping warned me about." After the banquet, he suddenly suffered a relapse and died of illness that night. According to his grandson Xiahou Zhan, Xiahou Wei was posthumously made a marquis with the posthumous name "Mu" (穆).[4]
Family
[edit]Xiahou Wei had at least two sons. His first son, Xiahou Jun (夏侯駿; fl.240-299[5]), courtesy name Zhangrong (长容), served as the Inspector (刺史) of Bing Province; Jun also married a daughter of Sima Liang.[6] During Qi Wannian's rebellion, Xiahou Jun worked together with Sima Rong, Prince of Liang, to undermine Zhou Chu; Zhou was later killed in battle.[7]
Xiahou Wei's second son, Xiahou Zhuang (夏侯莊), courtesy name Zhongrong (仲容), married Lady Yang (a daughter of Xin Xianying and cousin of Yang Huiyu) and served as the Administrator (太守) of Huainan Commandery (淮南郡). He was also enfeoffed as Marquis of Qingming Village (清明亭侯).[8]
Xiahou Zhuang had at least two sons and one daughter. His first son, Xiahou Zhan (夏侯湛; 243 - 23 June 291[9]), served as a Regular Mounted Attendant (散騎常侍) and as the Chancellor (相) of Nanyang State (南陽國). His second son, Xiahou Chun (夏侯淳), served as the Administrator of Yiyang Commandery (弋陽郡). Xiahou Chun's son, Xiahou Cheng (夏侯承), served as a Regular Mounted Attendant under the Eastern Jin dynasty. During the final years of Emperor Yuan's reign, Xiahou Cheng was Administrator of Nanping. He then joined an alliance of officials headed by Gan Zhuo against the powerful official and warlord Wang Dun. However, due to Gan's hesitation, the alliance was defeated and Xiahou Cheng was captured. Wang Dun wanted to execute Xiahou Cheng, but Xiahou Cheng's maternal cousin Wang Hao (王暠, also known as Wang Yi (王廙), and also Wang Dun's cousin) interceded on Cheng's behalf and Cheng was spared; Cheng was then made a a Regular Mounted Attendant.[10]
Xiahou Zhuang's daughter, Xiahou Guangji (夏侯光姬; died between August 307 and February 308[11]), married the Western Jin dynasty prince Sima Jin (司馬覲; son of Sima Zhou) and gave birth to Sima Rui, the first emperor of the Eastern Jin dynasty.
Xiahou Zhuang may have another daughter, who was the mother of Wang Yi (王廙; 276[12] - 4 November 322), who was an uncle of Wang Xizhi.[13]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Although Xiahou Wei's birth year was not recorded, it should be before 207 as his younger brother Xiahou Rong was born in that year.
- ^ Although Xiaohou Wei's death year was not recorded, it should be before 255 as he died at the age of 48, and his birth year was before 207. Zhu Jianping's biography in vol.29 of Sanguozhi recorded that he died on the 30th day of the 12th month of that year.
- ^ (郡将夏侯威异之，以兄霸之子妻之。) Jin Shu, vol.34
- ^ (我皇祖穆侯,...) Kun Di Gao (昆弟诰). In the same piece, Xiahou Zhan also indicated that Xiahou Wei's main wife was Lady Xue (薛妃); after Lady Xue died, he had another wife (继室), Lady Cai (蔡姬). Kun Di Gao was also recorded in Zhan's biography in vol.55 of Jin Shu.
- ^ As Xiahou Jun was his father's eldest son, he must be older than his nephew Xiahou Zhan, who was born in 243. An annotation from the Book of Jin by Wang Yin (cited in vol.20 of Wen Xuan) recorded that during Qi Wannian's rebellion, Xiahou Jun falsely claimed that he had killed Qi Wannian in battle. The falsehood was exposed when general Meng Guan captured Qi Wannian alive. (王隐晋书曰：初，夏侯骏上言斩氐帅齐万年，及孟观至，大战数十，生送万年。) In Pan Yue's "Poem of Guanzhong" (关中诗) collected in the same volume of Wen Xuan, Pan alluded to Jun being killed for his lie with the line "好爵既靡，显戮亦从。".
- ^ The biography of Fu Xian (傅咸; son of Fu Xuan) in vol.47 of Book of Jin recorded that Fu Xian mentioned in his advice to Sima Liang that Xiahou Zhangrong was his son-in-law (云长容则公之姻). The Book of Jin went on to record that "Zhangrong" was referring to Xiahou Jun (长容者，夏侯骏也).
- ^ (及氐人齐万年反，朝臣恶处强直，皆曰：“处，吴之名将子也，忠烈果毅。”乃使隶夏侯骏西征。....中书令陈准知肜将逞宿憾，乃言于朝曰：“骏及梁王皆是贵戚，非将率之才，进不求名，退不畏咎。周处吴人，忠勇果劲，有怨无援，将必丧身。宜诏孟观以精兵万人，为处前锋，必能殄寇。不然，肜当使处先驱，其败必也。”朝廷不从。时贼屯梁山，有众七万，而骏逼处以五千兵击之。.....遂力战而没。) Jin Shu, vol.58 (biography of Zhou Chu). ([元康七年（丁巳、公元二九七年）]春，正月，齐万年屯梁山，有众七万；梁王肜、夏侯骏使周处以五千兵击之。处曰：“军无后继，必败，不徒亡身，为国取耻。”肜、骏不听，逼遣之。癸丑，处与卢播、解系攻万年于六陌。处军士未食，肜促令速进，自旦战至暮，斩获甚众。弦绝矢尽，救兵不至。左右劝处退，处按剑曰：“是吾效节致命之日也！”遂力战而死。) Zizhi Tongjian, vol.82.
- ^ (元夏侯太妃名光姬，沛国谯人也。...父庄，字仲容，淮南太守、清明亭侯。) Jin Shu, vol.31
- ^ In his eulogy to Xiahou Zhan (夏侯常侍诔), Pan Yue wrote that Zhan died at the age of 49 (by East Asian reckoning) on the renchen day of the 5th month of the 1st year of the Yuan'kang era of the reign of Emperor Hui of Jin; the day corresponds to 23 Jun 291 in the Julian calendar. (春秋四十有九，元康元年夏五月壬辰，寝疾卒于延喜里第。)
- ^ (参安东军事，稍迁南平太守。太兴末，王敦举兵内向，承与梁州刺史甘卓、巴东监军柳纯、宜都太守谭该等，并露檄远近，列敦罪状。会甘卓怀疑不进，王师败绩，敦悉诛灭异己者，收承，欲杀之，承外兄王暠苦请得免。寻为散骑常侍。) Jin Shu, vol.55
- ^ (永嘉元年，薨于江左....) Jin Shu, vol.31. Per vol.86 of Zizhi Tongjian and the annals of Emperor Huai in Jin Shu, Sima Rui was sent to Jianye in Aug 307 in the Julian calendar. Thus, Lady Xiahou most likely died soon after her arrival in Jiangdong. The year ends on 7 Feb 308 in the Julian calendar.
- ^ In a memorial submitted to celebrate Emperor Yuan's ascension of the throne (in April 318), recorded in his biography in vol.76 of Jin Shu, Wang mentioned that he was 43 (by East Asian reckoning) at the time (臣犬马之年四十三矣，...).
- ^ (王廙，字世将，丞相导从弟，而元帝姨弟也。) Jin Shu, vol.76. The term yidi is ambiguous as it can mean the younger brother or son of one's maternal aunt or one's wife. Wang's name was also recorded as "Hao" (暠) in some parts of Jin Shu, including the annals of Emperor Yuan (vol.6), Sima Cheng's biography (vol.37), Xun Xu's biography (vol.39, under the entry for Xun Fan's sons Xun Sui and Xun Kai), Guo Shu's biography (vol.43), Huangfu Fanghui's biography (vol.51), Xiahou Zhan's biography (where he was described as Xiahou Cheng's maternal cousin (waixiong, 外兄)), and Du Zeng's biography (vol.100). By comparing the record in Emperor Yuan's annals ([永昌元年]冬十月，...己丑，都督荆梁二州诸军事、平南将军、荆州刺史、武陵侯王暠卒。) and the record in vol.92 of Zizhi Tongjian ([永昌元年]冬，十月，己丑，荆州刺史武陵康侯王廙卒。), it can be deduced that "Wang Yi" and "Wang Hao" were referring to the same person.
- Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
- Fang, Xuanling (ed.) (648). Book of Jin (Jin Shu).
- Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).