Viburnum acerifolium

Viburnum acerifolium
Conservation status
Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Dipsacales
Family:	Adoxaceae
Genus:	Viburnum
Species:	V. acerifolium
Binomial name
Viburnum acerifolium L.
Natural range in North America

Viburnum acerifolium, the mapleleaf viburnum, maple-leaved arrowwood or dockmackie, is a species of Viburnum native to eastern North America.

Description

It is a shrub growing to 1–2 metres (3+1⁄2–6+1⁄2 ft) tall. The leaves are in opposite pairs, 5–10 centimetres (2–4 in) long and broad, three- to five-lobed, the lobes with a serrated margin, and the leaf surface has a fuzzy texture. There is a diverse manifestation of autumn color with this species from pale yellow to bright yellow to orange or pink, rose, or red-purple depending on light exposure and weather conditions. The flowers are white with five small petals, produced in terminal cymes 4–8 cm (1+1⁄2–3 in) in diameter. The fruit is a small red to purple-black drupe 4–8 millimetres (1⁄8–3⁄8 in) long.

The shrub often suckers and can form a colony in time.

Distribution and habitat

Autumn foliage and drupes, Massachusetts

Viburnum acerifolium is native to eastern North America, from southwestern Quebec and Ontario south to northern Florida and eastern Texas. It is found in the US states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, New York, Vermont, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Arkansas.

It is adapted for USDA hardiness zones of 4 to 8. It grows in and around upland forest, able to do well in full shade and dry soils. It grows mostly in acidic soil of pH 5.0 to 6.5, but can tolerate up to 7.5.

Landscape architects and designers have often recommended it for shady, dry locations for several decades, but it is only sold at a few very large, diverse nurseries or specialty or native plant nurseries and is not generally well known in the trade or with homeowners. Its native habitats include thickets, mixed woods, bluffs, and ravines.

Ecology

The species' flowers are known for production of nectar and pollen which are then carried by the bee species from Andrenidae and Halictidae families as well as flies from the Empididae and Syrphidae families. The flowers also attract beetles, wasps and various butterflies (including skippers).

The fruit attracts butterflies and birds. Viburnum acerifolium is a larval host to the Celastrina ladon butterfly.

The berries are eaten by various mammals including skunks, rabbits, deer, the eastern chipmunk, white-footed mouse and deer mice. V. acerifolium also attracts various aphids, such as Viburnum leaf beetle, the wood-boring larvae of Oberea deficiens and Oberea tripunctata.

The scientific and common names refer to the superficial similarity of the leaves to those of some maples (Acer); the plant is occasionally mistaken for young maples, but is readily distinguished by the flowers and fruit; the viburnum produces small, purple berries, while maples produce dry, winged seeds.

Uses

The black berries, available from late summer to autumn, can be made into jam.

References

• Bioimages: Viburnum acerifolium