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User:Thomas James Foster/Timeline of sovereign states in North America

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This timeline lists all sovereign states in North America (including Central America and the Caribbean), both current and defunct, from the year 1500 onwards.

Timeline

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Current Sovereign States / Decades before 1500 1510 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Antigua and Barbuda 		Island Caribs 1632 Antigua (England) [1] 1671 British Leeward Islands (England) [1] 1816 Antigua-Barbuda-Montserrat (United Kingdom) [1] 1833 British Leeward Islands (United Kingdom) [1] 1958 West Indies Federation (United Kingdom) [2][1] 1962 Antigua and Barbuda (United Kingdom)[1] 1981 Antigua and Barbuda [3][1]
Island Caribs 1666 Barbuda (British Empire

Bahamas 		Lucayan people 1513 Deserted 1649 Eleutheran Adventurers [4][5] 1670 Province of Carolina (England) 1718 Colony of the Bahamas (Great Britain) [6] 1973 Bahamas [6]

Barbados 		Island Caribs Uninhabited 1625 Colony of Barbados (England) [7] 1958 West Indies Federation (United Kingdom) [2] [7] 1962 Barbados (United Kingdom) [7] 1966 Barbados [7]

Belize 		Pre-Columbian Belize 1524 New Spain (Spain) [8] 1742 Colony of Jamaica (Great Britain) [8] 1862 British Honduras (United Kingdom)[9][8] Belize 1981 (United Kingdom)[9][8]

Canada

Alberta 		First Nations 1670 Rupert’s Land (British Empire) 1870 Northwest Territories ( Canada) 1905 Alberta ( Canada)

British Columbia 		Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast Colony of British Columbia 1858 (United Kingdom) [10] Colony of British Columbia 1866 (United Kingdom) 1871 British Columbia 1871 ( Canada)
Colony of Vancouver Island 1849 (British Empire)

Manitoba 		First Nations 1670 Rupert’s Land (British Empire) 1870 Manitoba (Canada)

New Brunswick 		First Nations 1605 Acadia (France) [11] 1713 Nova Scotia (British Empire) [11] 1784 [[New Brunswick (British Empire) [12] 1867 New Brunswick (Canada)

Newfoundland and Labrador 		Beothuk 1610 Newfoundland Colony (British Empire) 1907 Dominion of Newfoundland (British Empire) 1949 Newfoundland and Labrador (Canada)

Nova Scotia 		Mi'kmaq 1605 Acadia (France) [11] 1713 Nova Scotia (British Empire) 1867 Nova Scotia (Canada)

Ontario 		Aboriginal Canadians 1534 Canada (France) 1763 Province of Quebec (British Empire) Upper Canada (British Empire) Province of Canada (British Empire) 1867 Ontario (Canada)

Prince Edward Island 		Mi’kmaq [13] 1720 Isle Saint-Jean (France) [14] 1763 Nova Scotia (Great Britain) [13] 1769 Prince Edward Island (Great Britain) [13] 1873 Prince Edward Island (Canada) [13]

Quebec 		Aboriginal Canadians 1534 Canada (France) 1763 Province of Quebec (British Empire) 1791 Lower Canada (British Empire) 1841 Province of Canada (British Empire) 1867 Quebec (Canada)

Saskatchewan 		First Nations 1670 Rupert’s Land (British Empire) 1870 Northwest Territories (Canada) 1905 Saskatchewan (Canada)

Northwest Territories 		Aboriginal Canadians North-Western Territory (British Empire) 1870 Northwest Territories (Canada)

Nunavut 		Inuit 1670 Rupert’s Land (British Empire) 1870 Northwest Territories (Canada) 1876 District of Keewatin (Canada) 1905 Northwest Territories (Canada) 1999 Nunavut (Canada)

Yukon 		Aboriginal Canadians North-Western Territory (British Empire) 1870 Northwest Territories (Canada) 1898 Yukon (Canada)

Costa Rica 		Indigenous peoples of Costa Rica 1540 New Spain (Spain) 1821 Mexican Empire 1823 Costa Rica ( Federal Republic of Central America) [15] 1838 Costa Rica

Cuba 		Guanajatabey, Taíno and Ciboney 1511 Governorate of Cuba (Spain) 1519 New Spain (Spain) 1821 Captaincy General of Cuba (Spain) 1898 United States Military Government in Cuba ( United States) 1902 Republic of Cuba

Dominica 		Island Caribs 1727 Dominica (France) 1761 Dominica (British Empire) 1778 Dominica (France) 1783 Dominica (British Empire) 1833 British Leeward Islands (British Empire) 1940 British Windward Islands (British Empire) 1958 West Indies Federation (British Empire) 1962 Dominica (British Empire) 1978 Dominica

Dominican Republic 		Captaincy General of Santo Domingo (Spain) 1795 Saint-Domingue (France) 1809 España Boba (Spain) 1821 Republic of Spanish Haiti 1822 Department of Ozama and Cibao (Haiti) 1844 Dominican Republic 1861 Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic (Spain) 1865 Dominican Republic 1916 Dominican Republic ( United States) 1924 Dominican Republic

El Salvador 		Cuzcatlan 1525 New Spain (Spain) 1821 First Mexican Empire 1823 El Salvador ( Federal Republic of Central America) 1841 El Salvador 1896 Greater Republic of Central America 1898 El Salvador

Grenada 		Island Caribs 1649 French Antilles (France) 1762 British Grenada (British Empire) 1779 Grenada (France) 1783 British Grenada (British Empire 1833 British Windward Islands (British Empire) 1958 West Indies Federation (British Empire) 1962 Grenada (British Empire) 1974 Grenada

Guatemala 		Mayans 1521 New Spain (Spain) 1821 First Mexican Empire
Guatemala 1823 Guatemala ( Federal Republic of Central America)
Guatemala 1841 Guatemala

Haiti 		Captaincy General of Santo Domingo (Spain) [16] [17] 1625 Saint-Domingue (France) 1804 Haiti [16] [18]

Honduras 		Pre-Columbian Honduras 1525 New Spain (Spain) 1821 Honduras (Mexico) 1823 Honduras ( Federal Republic of Central America) 1840 Honduras

Jamaica 		Pre-Columbian Jamaica 1509 Colony of Santiago (Spain) [19] 1655 Colony of Jamaica (England) [19] 1958 West Indies Federation (United Kingdom) [19] 1962 Jamaica [19]

Mexico 		Aztec Empire [20] 1521 New Spain (Spain) [20] 1821 Mexico [20]

Nicaragua 		Pre-Columbian Nicaragua 1520 New Spain (Spain) 1821 Mexican Empire 1823 Nicaragua ( Federal Republic of Central America) 1838 Nicaragua

Panama 		Indigenous peoples of the Americas 1510 Province of Tierra Firme (Spain) 1542 Viceroyalty of Peru (Spain) 1717 Viceroyalty of New Granada (Spain) 1821 Gran Colombia 1831 Republic of New Granada 1858 Granadine Confederation 1863 United States of Columbia File:Flag of Columbia.svg 1886 Republic of Columbia 1903 Panama

Saint Kitts and Nevis 		Arawaks and Island Caribs 1623 Saint Christopher (England) [21] 1671 British Leeward Islands (United Kingdom) [21] 1816 Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (United Kingdom) [21] 1833 British Leeward Islands (United Kingdom) [21] 1958 West Indies Federation (United Kingdom) [21] 1962 Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (United Kingdom) [21] 1983 Saint Kitts and Nevis [21]
Arawaks and Island Caribs 1628 Colony of Barbados (England) [21] 1983 Nevis ( Saint Kitts and Nevis) [21]

Saint Lucia 		Island Caribs 1833 British Windward Islands (United Kingdom) 1958 West Indies Federation (British Empire) 1962 Saint Lucia (British Empire) 1979 Saint Lucia [22]

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 		Island Caribs 1719 Saint Vincent (France) 1763 Saint Vincent (United Kingdom) 1779 Saint Vincent (France) 1783 Saint Vincent (United Kingdom) 1833 British Windward Islands (United Kingdom) 1958 West Indies Federation (United Kingdom) 1962 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (United Kingdom) 1979 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Trinidad and Tobago 		Arawak and Island Caribs 1797 Trinidad (Great Britain) 1889 British Trinidad and Tobago (United Kingdom) 1958 West Indies Federation (United Kingdom) 1962 Trinidad and Tobago
Arawak and Island Caribs 1628 Nieuw-Walcheren (Netherlands) [23] 1637 Neu-Kurland (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) [23] Arawak and Island Caribs [23] 1654 Nieuw-Walcheren (Netherlands) [23] 1677 Trinidad (France) [23] 1797 Tobago (Great Britain)

United States of America

Alabama 		Native Americans Mississippi Territory 1798 ( United States) Alabama Territory 1817 ( United States) 1819 Alabama ( United States) 1861 Alabama (Confederate States of America) 1865 Alabama ( United States)

Alaska 		Alaskan Natives 1799 Russian America (Russian Empire) 1867 Department of Alaska ( United States)[24] 1884 District of Alaska ( United States)[24] 1912 Territory of Alaska ( United States)[24] 1959 Alaska ( United States)[24]

Arizona 		Native Americans 1768 The Californias (Spain) 1805 Alta California (Spain) 1822 Alta California Territory (Mexico) 1846 U.S. provisional government of New Mexico 1850 New Mexico Territory ( United States) 1863 Arizona Territory ( United States) 1912 Arizona ( United States)

Arkansas 		Native Americans 1682 Louisiana (France) 1762 Louisiana (Spain) 1802 Louisiana (France) 1805 Louisiana Territory ( United States) 1812 Missouri Territory ( United States) 1819 Arkansas Territory ( United States) 1836 Arkansas ( United States) 1861 Arkansas (Confederate States of America) 1865 Arkansas ( United States)

California 		Native Americans 1768 The Californias (Spain) 1805 Alta California (Spain) 1822 Alta California Territory (Mexico) 1846 United States military occupation ( United States) 1850 California ( United States)

Colorado 		Native Americans 1836 Republic of Texas 1845 Texas ( United States) 1850 Unorganised territory ( United States) [notes 1] 1854 Kansas Territory[notes 2] ( United States) 1861 Colorado Territory ( United States) 1876 Colorado ( United States)

Connecticut 		Native Americans 1636 Connecticut Colony (England) 1686 Dominion of New England (England) 1689 Connecticut Colony (England) 1776 Connecticut ( United States)

Delaware 		Native Americans 1638 New Sweden (Sweden) 1655 New Netherland (Dutch Republic) 1664 Delaware Colony (British Empire) 1776 Delaware (United States)

Florida 		Native Americans 1513 Spanish Florida (Spain) 1763 East Florida (British Empire) 1783 Spanish Florida (Spain) 1822 Florida Territory (United States) 1845 Florida (United States) 1861 Florida (Confederate States of America) 1865 Florida (United States

Georgia 		Native Americans 1732 Province of Georgia (British Empire) 1777 Georgia (United States) 1861 Georgia (Confederate States of America) 1865 Georgia (United States)

Idaho 		Native Americans 1818 Oregon Country/Columbia District (United States/British Empire) 1843 Provisional Government of Oregon 1848 Oregon Territory (United States) 1853 Washington Territory (United States) 1890 Idaho (United States)

Illinois 		Native Americans 1534 Canada (France) 1763 Province of Quebec (British Empire) 1787 Northwest Territory (United States) 1800 Indiana Territory (United States) 1809 Illinois Territory (United States) 1818 Illinois (United States)

Indiana 		Native Americans 1534 Canada (France) 1763 Province of Quebec (British Empire) 1787 Northwest Territory (United States) 1800 Indiana Territory (United States) 1816 Indiana (United States)

Iowa 		Native Americans 1534 Canada (France) 1763 Province of Quebec (British Empire) 1787 Northwest Territory (United States) 1800 Indiana Territory (United States) 1805 Michigan Territory (United States) 1836 Wisconsin Territory (United States) 1838 Iowa Territory (United States) 1846 Iowa (United States)

Kansas 		Native Americans 1803 Louisiana Purchase (United States) 1805 Louisiana Territory (United States) 1812 Missouri Territory (United States) 1821 Unorganised Territory (United States) 1854 Kansas Territory (United States) 1861 Kansas (United States)

Kentucky 		Virginia Indians Colony of Virginia 1607 (British Empire) Virginia 1776 (United States) kentucky 1792 (United States)

Louisiana 		Native Americans 1682 Louisiana (France) 1762 Louisiana (Spain) 1803 Louisiana Purchase (United States) 1804 [Territory of Orleans]] (United States) 1812 Louisiana (United States)

Maine 		Native Americans Massachusetts Bay Colony 1652 (British Empire) Dominion of New England 1686 (British Empire) Massachusetts Bay Colony 1689 (British Empire) Province of Massachusetts Bay 1692 (British Empire) Massachusetts 1776 (United States) 1820 Maine (United States)

Maryland 		Native Americans Province of Maryland 1632 (British Empire) Maryland 1776 (United States)

Massachusetts 		Native Americans Massachusetts Bay Colony 1628 (British Empire) Dominion of New England 1686 (British Empire) Massachusetts Bay Colony 1689 (British Empire) Province of Massachusetts Bay 1692 (British Empire) Massachusetts 1776 (United States)
Native Americans Plymouth Colony 1620 (British Empire) Plymouth Colony 1689 (British Empire)

Michigan 		Native Americans 1534 Canada (France) 1763 Province of Quebec (British Empire) 1787 Northwest Territory (United States) 1800 Indiana Territory (United States) 1805 Michigan Territory (United States) 1837 Michigan (United States)

Minnesota 		Native Americans 1803 Louisiana Purchase (United States) 1805 Louisiana Territory (United States) 1812 Missouri Territory (United States) 1821 Unorganised Territory (United States) 1834 Michigan Territory (United States) 1836 Wisconsin Territory (United States) 1838 Iowa Territory (United States) 1846 Unorganised Territory (United States) 1849 Minnesota Territory (United States) 1858 Minnesota (United States)

Mississippi 		Native Americans 1732 Province of Georgia (British Empire) 1777 Georgia (United States) 1798 Mississippi Territory (United States) 1817 Mississippi (United States) 1861 Mississippi (Confederate States of America) 1863| Mississippi (United States)

Missouri 		Native Americans 1803 Louisiana Purchase (United States) 1805 Louisiana Territory (United States) 1812 Missouri Territory (United States) 1821 Missouri (United States)

Montana 		Native Americans 1803 Louisiana Purchase (United States) 1805 Louisiana Territory (United States) 1812 Missouri Territory (United States) 1821 Unorganised territory (United States) 1854 Nebraska Territory (United States) 1861 Dakota Territory (United States) 1863 Idaho Territory (United States) 1864 Territory of Montana (United States) [25] 1889 Montana (United States)

Nebraska 		Native Americans 1682 Louisiana (France) 1762 Louisiana (Spain) 1802 Louisiana (France) 1805 Louisiana Territory (United States) 1812 Missouri Territory (United States) 1821 Unorganised territory (United States) 1854 Nebraska Territory (United States) 1867 Nebraska (United States)

Nevada 		Native Americans 1768 New Spain (Spain) 1821 Alta California (Mexico) 1848 Mexican Cession (United States) 1850 Utah Territory (United States) 1861 Nevada Territory (United States) 1864 Nevada (United States)

New Hampshire 		Native Americans 1622 Province of Maine (British Empire) Province of New Hampshire (British Empire) Massachusetts Bay Colony 1641 (British Empire) Province of New Hampshire 1680 (British Empire) Dominion of New England 1686 (British Empire) Province of New Hampshire 1689 (British Empire) 1776 New Hampshire (United States)

New Jersey 		Native Americans 1630 New Netherland (Dutch Republic) 1655 New Netherland (Dutch Republic) 1664 Province of New Jersey (British Empire) 1674 East Jersey (British Empire) 1702 Province of New Jersey (British Empire) 1776 New Jersey (United States)
Native Americans 1638 New Sweden (Sweden) 1674 West Jersey (British Empire)

New Mexico 		Native Americans 1598 New Spain (Spain) 1821 Santa Fe de Nuevo México (Mexico) 1846 U.S. provisional government of New Mexico (United States) 1850 New Mexico Territory (United States) 1912 New Mexico (United States)

New York 		Native Americans 1614 New Netherland (Dutch Republic) 1667 Province of New York (British Empire) 1673 New Netherland (Dutch Republic) 1674 Province of New York (British Empire) 1776 New York (United States)

North Carolina 		Native Americans 1585 Roanoke Colony (British Empire) Native Americans 1609 Colony of Virginia (British Empire) 1629 Province of Carolina (British Empire) 1710 Province of North Carolina (British Empire) 1776 North Carolina (United States) 1861 North Carolina (Confederate States of America) 1865 North Carolina (United States)

North Dakota 		Native Americans 1833 Michigan Territory (United States) 1836 Wisconsin Territory (United States) 1838 Iowa Territory (United States) 1846 Unorganised territory (United States) 1849 Minnesota Territory (United States) 1858 Unorganised territory (United States) 1861 Dakota Territory (United States) 1889 North Dakota (United States)

Ohio 		Native Americans 1534 Canada (France) 1763 Province of Quebec (British Empire) 1783 Northwest Territory (United States) 1803 Ohio (United States)

Oklahoma 		Native Americans 1682 Louisiana (France) 1762 Louisiana (Spain) 1803 Louisiana Purchase (United States) 1804 Louisiana Territory (United States) 1812 Missouri Territory (United States) 1819 Arkansas Territory (United States) 1824 Unorganised Territory (United States) 1834 Indian Territory (United States) 1890 Indian Territory (United States) 1907 Oklahoma (United States)
1890 Oklahoma Territory (United States)

Oregon 		Native Americans 1818 Oregon Country/Columbia District (United States/United Kingdom) 1843 Provisional Government of Oregon (United States) 1848 Oregon Territory (United States) 1859 Oregon (United States)

Pennsylvania 		Native Americans 1681 Province of Pennsylvania (England) 1776 Pennsylvania (United States of America)

Rhode Island 		Native Americans 1636 Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (British Empire) 1776 Rhode Island (United States)

South Carolina 		Native Americans 1629 Province of Carolina (British Empire) 1712 Province of South Carolina (British Empire) 1776 South Carolina (United States) 1861 South Carolina (Confederate States of America) 1865 South Carolina (United States)

South Dakota 		Native Americans 1803 Louisiana Purchase (United States) 1805 Louisiana Territory (United States) 1812 Missouri Territory (United States) 1821 Unorganised Territory (United States) 1834 Michigan Territory (United States) 1836 Wisconsin Territory (United States) 1838 Iowa Territory (United States) 1846 Unorganised Territory (United States) 1849 Minnesota Territory (United States) 1858 Unorganised territory (United States) 1861 Dakota Territory (United States) 1889 South Dakota (United States)

Tennessee 		Native Americans 1609 Colony of Virginia (British Empire) 1629 Province of Carolina (British Empire) 1710 Province of North Carolina (British Empire) 1776 North Carolina (United States) 1790 Southwest Territory (United States) 1796 Tennessee (United States) 1861 Tennessee (Confederate States of America) 1862 Tennessee (United States)

Texas 		Native Americans 1684 French Texas (France) 1690 Spanish Texas (Spain) 1821 Mexican Texas (Mexico) 1836 Republic of Texas 1845 Texas (United States of America) 1861 Texas (Confederate States of America) 1865 Texas (United States of America)

Utah 		Native Americans 1768 The Californias (Spain) 1805 Alta California (Spain) 1822 Alta California Territory (Mexico) 1846 Unorganised territory (United States) 1849 State of Deseret 1850 Utah Territory (United States) 1896 Utah (United States)

Vermont 		Native Americans 1534 Canada (France) 1763 Province of New York ( Great Britain) 1777 Vermont Republic 1791 Vermont (United States)

Virginia 		Virginia Indians 1607 Colony of Virginia (British Empire) 1776 Virginia (United States) 1861 Virginia ( Confederate States of America) 1865 Virginia (United States)

Washington 		Native Americans 1818 Oregon Country/Columbia District (United States/British Empire) 1843 Provisional Government of Oregon 1848 Oregon Territory (United States) 1853 Washington Territory (United States) 1889 Washington (United States)

West Virginia 		Virginia Indians 1607 Colony of Virginia (British Empire) 1776 Virginia (United States) 1863 West Virginia (United States)

Wisconsin 		Native Americans 1534 Canada (France) 1763 Province of Quebec (British Empire) 1787 Northwest Territory (United States) 1800 Indiana Territory (United States) 1809 Illinois Territory (United States) 1818 Michigan Territory (United States) 1836 Wisconsin Territory (United States) 1848 Wisconsin (United States)

Wyoming 		Native Americans 1682 Louisiana (France) 1762 Louisiana (Spain) 1800 Louisiana (France) 1803 Louisiana Purchase (United States) 1805 Louisiana Territory (United States) 1812 Missouri Territory (United States) 1821 Unorganised Territory (United States) 1854 Nebraska Territory (United States) 1863 Idaho Territory (United States) 1864 Dakota Territory (United States) 1868 Territory of Wyoming (United States) 1890 Wyoming (United States)

District of Columbia 		Native Americans 1632 Province of Maryland (British Empire) 1776 File:Flag of Maryland Maryland (United States) 1790 District of Columbia (United States)

Puerto Rico 		New Spain 1898 Puerto Rico (United States)

United States Virgin Islands 		Danish West India Company 1671 (Denmark) Danish West Indies 1755 (Denmark)[26] United States Virgin Islands 1917 (United States)
Current Sovereign States / Decades before 1500 1510 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Notes

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  1. ^ ’Unorganised territory’ was not an official name, rather it referred to any United States territory without an official name.
  2. ^ Colorado at this point in time was split between the Kansas Territory, Utah Territory, Nebraska Territory and the New Mexico Territory, with the majority being within the Kansas Territory.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Antigua and Barbuda". WORLD STATESMEN.org. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  2. ^ a b "The West Indies Federation". CARICOM. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  3. ^ "Antigua and Barbuda". CARICOM. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  4. ^ "Our History". The Islands Of The Bahamas. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  5. ^ "Bahamas". WORLD STATESMEN.org. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  6. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference “ws-bahamas" was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b c d "Barbados". WORLD STATESMEN.org. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  8. ^ a b c d "Belize". WORLD STATESMEN.org. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  9. ^ a b "Belize profile - Timeline". BBC News. BCC. 1 November 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
  10. ^ "British Columbia Timeline". worldatlas.com. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  11. ^ a b c Brendan Anthony O'Grady; Barry Moody (26 November 2013). "Nova Scotia". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  12. ^ "New Brunswick History". Government of New Brunswick. 2010-05-18. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  13. ^ a b c d "Island Information: Historical Milestones". Prince Edward Island. Government of Prince Edward Island. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference pei-pei” was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Horváth, Zoltán (12 August 2013). "Central America - Historical Unions and Federations". Flags Of The World. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  16. ^ a b "Haiti profile - Timeline". BBC News. BBC. 12 October 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
  17. ^ "Haiti". WORLD STATEMEN.org. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference “ws-haiti" was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ a b c d "Jamaica". WORLD STATESMEN.org. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  20. ^ a b c "Mexico". WORLD STATESMEN.org. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Saint kitts and Nevis". WORLD STATESMEN.org. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  22. ^ "St Lucia country profile". BBC News. BBC. 7 June 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
  23. ^ a b c d e Ramerini, Marco (2014-01-13). "Dutch and Courlanders on Tobago. A history of the first settlements 1628-1677". Colonial Voyage. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  24. ^ a b c d "Timeline of Alaska's History". Alaska Public Lands Information Centers. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  25. ^ "BRIEF HISTORY OF MONTANA". montana.gov. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  26. ^ "A Brief History of the Danish West Indies, 1666-1917". Virgin Islands history. Danish National Archives. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
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