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Possible end of the Late Modern period

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There are differing approaches to defining a possible end or conclusion to the Late Modern period, or indeed whether it might be considered to have concluded at all; if this period indeed concluded, there are various options for how to label the current contemporary era.

  • Some researchers typify the end of the Late Modern period by the concerns for the environment which began in 1950, as this marks the end of modern confidence about humanity's domination of the natural world. [5]
  • The Postmodern era is the economic or cultural state or condition of society which is said to exist after modernity.[nb 1] Some schools of thought hold that modernity ended in the late 20th century – in the 1980s or early 1990s – and that it was replaced by postmodernity, and still others would extend modernity to cover the developments denoted by postmodernity, while some believe that modernity ended sometime after World War II. The idea of the post-modern condition is sometimes characterized as a culture stripped of its capacity to function in any linear or autonomous state like regressive isolationism, as opposed to the progressive mind state of modernism.[6]
Postmodernism is an intellectual stance or mode of discourse[7][8] defined by an attitude of skepticism toward what it describes as the grand narratives and ideologies of modernism, as well as opposition to epistemic certainty and the stability of meaning.[9] It questions or criticizes viewpoints associated with Enlightenment rationality dating back to the 17th century,[10] and is characterized by irony, eclecticism, and its rejection of the "universal validity" of binary oppositions, stable identity, hierarchy, and categorization.[11][12] Postmodernism is associated with relativism and a focus on ideology in the maintenance of economic and political power.[10]

Possible subdivisions

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Additionally, the Late Modern period can be divided into various smaller periods; there are differing opinions and approaches on which time periods to assert in doing so.

In 1989, the fall of the Iron Curtain after the Pan-European Picnic and a peaceful wave of revolutions (with the exception of Romania and Afghanistan) overthrew almost all communist governments of the Eastern Bloc. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union itself lost control in the Soviet Union and was banned following an abortive coup attempt in August 1991. This in turn led to the formal dissolution of the USSR in December 1991, the declaration of independence of its constituent republics and the collapse of communist governments across much of Africa and Asia. The United States was left as the world's only superpower.

Notes

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References

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  1. ^ Zimmerman, Kathy Ann (September 7, 2017). "History of Computers: A Brief Timeline". livescience.com.
  2. ^ "The History of Computers". thought.co.
  3. ^ "The 4 industrial revolutions". sentryo.net. February 23, 2017.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Manuel was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ "The End of Modern History"?, Michael Williams, Geographical Review, Vol. 88, No. 2, Historical Geography and Environmental History (Apr., 1998), pp. 275-300 (26 pages), Published By: Taylor & Francis, Ltd.
  6. ^ Jameson, Fredric, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism, Postmodernism (London 1991), p. 27
  7. ^ Nuyen, A.T., 1992. The Role of Rhetorical Devices in Postmodernist Discourse. Philosophy & Rhetoric, pp.183–194.
  8. ^ Torfing, Jacob (1999). New theories of discourse : Laclau, Mouffe, and Z̆iz̆ek. Oxford, UK Malden, Mass: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 0-631-19557-2.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference SEP-2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference britannica was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ "postmodernism". American Heritage Dictionary. Houghton, Mifflin, Harcourt. 2019. Archived from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2019 – via AHDictionary.com. Of or relating to an intellectual stance often marked by eclecticism and irony and tending to reject the universal validity of such principles as hierarchy, binary opposition, categorization, and stable identity.
  12. ^ Bauman, Zygmunt (1992). Intimations of postmodernity. London New York: Routledge. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-415-06750-8.
  13. ^ Robert Service, The End of the Cold War: 1985-1991 (Macmillan, 2015)
  14. ^ E. Schoenherr, Steven (5 May 2004). "The Digital Revolution". Archived from the original on 7 October 2008.
  15. ^ "Information Age".
  16. ^ Debjani, Roy (2014). "Cinema in the Age of Digital Revolution" (PDF).
  17. ^ Bojanova, Irena (2014). "The Digital Revolution: What's on the Horizon?". IT Professional (Jan.-Feb. 2014). 16 (1): 8–12. doi:10.1109/MITP.2014.11. S2CID 28110209.


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