User:Rachelchaban/Big Five personality traits and culture
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[edit]I chose to do edits in the lead section and the first section under the Controversy heading. I copied and pasted the sections from the original article and added to them. I also am adding a section to the "Controversy" section.
Lead: Big Five Personality Traits and Culture
[edit]The Big Five personality traits are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.[1] The Big Five Personality is a test that people can take to learn more about their personality in relation to the five personality traits.[1] Cross-cultural psychology as a discipline examines the way that human behavior is different and/or similar across different cultures. One important and widely studied area in this subfield of psychology is personality, particularly the study of Big Five. [1] Since the Big Five became popular in many other countries, it is somewhat related to being cross-cultural. [1] The Big Five model of personality (also known as the Five Factor Model or the Big Five Inventory) started in the United States, and through the years has been translated into many different languages and has been used in many countries. [1] Some researchers were attempting to determine the differences in how other cultures perceive this model. [1] Some research shows that the Big Five holds up across cultures even with its origin in the English language. [1] There is also some evidence that suggests that the Big Five traits were not the best ways to measure personality in some countries.[1] In countries such as South America and East Asia, the results weren't as accurate because they weren't as open as some people in other countries are. [1]
Controversy
[edit]Some controversy exists over whether or not the Big Five are relevant to all other cultures, especially given that the Big Five were developed via factor analysis from English words.[2] The factor analysis helped determine that there are only five factors.[2] Although support for the Big Five across cultures is quite robust, it is unclear whether or not the Big Five personality traits are the best possible measure of personality across all cultures. [1] Another model that can measure personality is the Myers Briggs.[3] Some additional controversy to the Five Factor Model is that this model can measure up to relating to personalities which implies that most people think this is the best model. [4] One problem that some people, specifically psychologists, have with the personality traits is how accurate they are within other cultures.[1] Some researchers suggest that important aspects of certain cultures which could include the personality traits of honesty and humility are not captured by the Five Factor Model.[2][4] The Five Factor Model is used in several cultures throughout North America, South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia.[1]
Throughout the years, the Five Factor Model has experienced many changes as it has developed because it originally only had three factors within Eysenck's model which only included Extraversion, Psychoticism, and Neuroticism.[4] Some parts of the Five Factor Model have been challenged or changed by other researchers based on their prior knowledge. [4] Some researchers tend to question the personality traits included in this because some believe that the traits should be more specific.[4] Most of the controversy with the Five Factor Model involves the traits and personality, as well as the origin of these five factors.[5] Some researchers don't believe that the Five Factor Model uses personality correctly. [5]
Several questions that researchers have asked about controversy about the Five Factor Model is if people can understand it, if the measures are accurate, and if it represents personality correctly. [2] The measures for the Five Factor Model include the Big Five Inventory which has 44 items to measure the five personality traits.[1] The Five Factor Model is questioned if people can understand it because there is controversy if more personality traits should be included in this model or not. [2] Some researchers question if the measures are accurate because of the variables that are used and the bias that is often found within this model.[2] There are even some researchers that are wanting to study if the Five Factor Model represents personality correctly since some researchers believe that there should be more or less categories of personality traits involved.[2]
Enneagram
[edit]The Enneagram includes nine different personality types which helps people to better understand their personality and character.[3] The Enneagram types include types one through nine, and each type has different characteristics associated with it.[3] There is evidence that the Enneagram has been used by therapists to help their clients.[3]
Similarities
[edit]The Enneagram is similar to the Big Five Personality model in that it focuses on nine different personalities. [3]There has been research done that mentions how the personalities on the Enneagram are similar to those within the Five Factor Model.[3] Through several studies, it has been determined that the Five Factor model is similar to several of the Enneagram personality types.[3] Several of the Enneagram types were each related to personality traits of the Five Factor Model which reveals that the Enneagram is accurate.[3]
Differences
[edit]The Enneagram model focuses more on an individual's characteristics whereas the Five Factor Model focuses on the five specific traits.[3] Another difference between the Five Factor Model and the Enneagram is that the Enneagram relates to people in more of a spiritual way, and even can encourage personal growth.[3] The Enneagram uses language that is more related to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and each of the Enneagram types had a different role.[3] Each Enneagram type includes multiple characteristics. [3] The Enneagram hasn't been used as often cross-culturally. [3]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Schmitt, David P.; Allik, Jüri; McCrae, Robert R.; Benet-Martínez, Verónica (2007). "The Geographic Distribution of Big Five Personality Traits". Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 38 (2): 173–212. doi:10.1177/0022022106297299. ISSN 0022-0221.
- ^ a b c d e f g Becker, Peter (1999). "Beyond the big five" (PDF). Personality and individual difference. 26(3): 511–530.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Hook, Joshua N.; Hall, Todd W.; Davis, Don E.; Van Tongeren, Daryl R.; Conner, Mackenzie (2020-12-17). "The Enneagram: A systematic review of the literature and directions for future research". Journal of Clinical Psychology. 77 (4): 865–883. doi:10.1002/jclp.23097. ISSN 0021-9762.
- ^ a b c d e McCrae, Robert (2009). "The Five-Factor Model of personality traits: consensus and controversy" (PDF). The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology: 148–161.
- ^ a b Strus, W.; Cieciuch, J. (2014). "The circumplex of personality metatraits: A synthesizing model of personality based on the big five". Review of General Psychology. 18(4): 273–286.