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Bibliography

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Article: Stress and the Mental Health of Populations of Color: Advancing Our Understanding of Race-related Stressors

Author: David R. Williams

Key Words: race, stress, racial discrimination, racism, mental health, mental disorders

  • This article provides insight on how race-related stressors affect the mental health of those who are disadvantaged by racial and ethnic populations. Research is conducted by self-reported discrimination and mental health. Racism deals with discrimination, but it also affects mental health through "structural/institutional mechanisms". Larger culture has embedded racism deep within their roots. Research includes how stressful experiences are connected to natural or created environmental crises, the understanding and documentation of health effect of hostility against people of color and immigrants, increase understanding of physical and mental health, and looking at systematic stress due to these institutional racism.

Important Quotes to Use/Mention:

  • "However, when blacks an Latinos experience mental illness, their episodes tend to be more severe. persist for longer periods of time, and are more deliberating than for any other race or ethnic group." [1]
  • "For example, 35% of African Americans and Native Americans, 25% of Latinos, 22% of Asians, and 18% of whites reported that they had had an experience of being unfairly not being hired for a job. Similarly, 34% of American Indians, 23% of blacks, 19% of Hispanics, and 11% of Asians and non-Hispanic whites reported that they experienced Everyday Discrimination almost every day or at least once a week"[2]
  • "Incidents of racial discrimination matter so profoundly for mental health because they are experiences of exclusion that trigger feelings of a ‘defilement of self'."[3]


Article: Negative Racial Stereotypes and Their Effects on Attitudes Toward African Americans

Author: Laura Green

Key Words: stereotypes, race, Sambo, Jim Crow, the Savage, Mammy, Aunt Jemimah, Sapphire, and Jezebelle

  • This article discusses seven different racial stereotypes used throughout history and still exist today. These racial stereotypes give the readers an understanding and insight how they distort society's images of certain racial groups (African Americans). Also, strategies and the exploration into this problem of racial stereotyping is discusses within this article. [4]


Article: 2020-21 United States Racial Unrest

Author: Wikipedia

Key Words: racial unrest, protests, riots, race, police violence

  • This article discusses the racial unrest in the United States between 2020-2021. The racial unrest has led to multiple movements (Black Lives Matter, police violence, etc) due to stereotypes and unjust treatment of African Americans. The article is another form of proof of how stereotyping of a racial group has caused a ripple effect. [5]


Article: Stereotypes Harm Black Lives and Livelihoods, but Research Suggests Ways to Improve Things

Author: Katy Milkman and Kassie Brabaw

Publication Date: July 8th, 2020

Key Words: black lives, stereotypes, race, protests, racism

  • This article discusses how stereotypes about African Americans has caused a movement that shines a light on the need of equal rights for everyone. Also, how stereotypes ruin an image for certain racial groups, therefore, putting them at a disadvantage. While discussing how stereotypes harm black lives and their livelihoods, the article also mentions how we as a society can counter stereotypes. [6]

Adding citations

Evaluating articles and sources

  1. ^ Williams, David R. (2018-12). "Stress and the Mental Health of Populations of Color:Advancing Our Understanding of Race-related Stressors". Journal of health and social behavior. 59 (4): 466–485. doi:10.1177/0022146518814251. ISSN 0022-1465. PMC 6532404. PMID 30484715. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ Williams, David R. (2018-12). "Stress and the Mental Health of Populations of Color:Advancing Our Understanding of Race-related Stressors". Journal of health and social behavior. 59 (4): 466–485. doi:10.1177/0022146518814251. ISSN 0022-1465. PMC 6532404. PMID 30484715. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ Williams, David R. (2018-12). "Stress and the Mental Health of Populations of Color:Advancing Our Understanding of Race-related Stressors". Journal of health and social behavior. 59 (4): 466–485. doi:10.1177/0022146518814251. ISSN 0022-1465. PMC 6532404. PMID 30484715. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ "Negative Racial Stereotypes and Their Effect on Attitudes Toward African-Americans - Scholarly Essays - Jim Crow Museum - Ferris State University". www.ferris.edu. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  5. ^ "2020–21 United States racial unrest", Wikipedia, 2021-04-06, retrieved 2021-04-07
  6. ^ Brabaw, Katy Milkman,Kassie. "Stereotypes Harm Black Lives and Livelihoods, but Research Suggests Ways to Improve Things". Scientific American. Retrieved 2021-04-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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