User:Kylie.rushing/Timothy Meaher
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Timothy Meaher
[edit]Timothy Meaher (1812 – 3 March 1892) was an American slave trader, son of an Irish immigrant father and an Anglo-Irish American mother. He was one of eight children and was raised in rural Whitefield, Maine.[1] In 1835, Timothy and his brother James left Maine for Mobile Alabama. In that same year, Timothy had worked on a steamboat named the Wanderer. Meaher worked on nine different ships before he owned his own steamboat and a large sawmill in the 1840’s.[1] In 1855, Timothy married Mary C. Waters.[1] Mary C. Waters was the niece of Edward Kavanagh, who was a prominent figure in local government at the time. Meaher and three of his brothers had plantations, sawmills, timberlands and steamboats. Meaher was a wealthy human trafficker, businessman and landowner.[2][3] He purchased the slave-ship Clotilda[2][4] and was responsible for the last known slave voyage to the United States after the abolishment of slavery in 1860.[5]
The Slave Voyage of the Clotilda
In 1860, Timothy Meaher made a bet that he would be able to commission a slave voyage to Africa and back to Alabama without being caught by local authorities.[6] The 1807 Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves was signed into law in 1808, which made slave trading voyages illegal in the United States. Meaher hired Captain William Foster to complete the slave voyage for him aboard the Clotilda. On March 3, 1860 the Clotilda left Mobile Bay Alabama for the West African port of Ouidah.[6] Captain Foster purchased 110 enslaved Africans to bring back to Alabama, but only 108 survived the voyage.[7] The voyage lasted a total of 126 days.[7] When the Clotilda arrived back in Mobile Bay Alabama, Foster and Meaher had to work late into the first night to unload the enslaved Africans off of the ship without getting caught by the authorities. The enslaved Africans were put onto small boats and were taken to John Dabney’s property, one of Meaher’s friends, where they would be concealed for multiple days to avoid suspicion.[6]
Meaher sold some of the enslaved Africans, but retained the rest to work for his brother and himself.[8] Meaher had its captain, William Foster (1825–1901), burn and scuttle Clotilda in Mobile Bay, in an attempt to destroy evidence of their joint lawbreaking. The wreck was located in 2019.[3]
The enslaved Africans brought to the US aboard the Clotilda were enslaved for five years until the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was passed in 1865.[1] After slavery was abolished, the Africans who were enslaved on Meaher’s plantation were freed, but Meaher refused to help them return home or provide reparations. Thirty-two formerly enslaved Africans purchased land from Meaher, where they established a town they named ‘Africatown’, which still exists to this day in Mobile Alabama.[1] The United States government attempted to charge Meaher for "failing to pay dues on his cargo,"[1] but due to factors such as difficulty proving the crime and the Civil War, he was never prosecuted.[2] However in 1890, two years before his death, Meaher bragged in a newspaper interview about his slave trading.[2]
Death and legacy
Timothy Meaher died on 3 March 1892 in Mobile, Alabama. He is buried at the Catholic Cemetery in Toulminville, Alabama.[8]
Meaher’s grandson, Augustine Meaher Jr., leased a portion of his family’s land to a paper mill in 1926.[9] The land that Augustine leased to the paper mill was already home to hundreds of houses that his family had leased to Africatown residents for nearly 100 years, some of which were descendants of the enslaved Africans aboard the Clotilda.[9] The building of the International Paper Mill displaced Africatown residents and created a negative environmental impact on the community.[5]
The Meaher family is still prominent in Alabama, with Meaher State Park bearing the name, as well as a Meaher Street running through Africatown.[2] The family has refused to make any statement "about their sinister ancestor’s crime" or release his personal papers.[10][11]Some of the family members composed a letter with a public statement in October 2022 expressing disapproval of their ancestor's action.[12] Meaher’s descendants stated that, “Our family has been silent for too long on this matter. However, we are hopeful that we - the current generation of the Meaher family - can start a new chapter.”[12] They also acknowledged that Meaher’s actions “had consequences that have impacted generations of people.”[12]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f Diouf, Sylviane A. (2007). Dreams of Africa in Alabama: The Slave Ship Clotilda and the Story of the Last Africans Brought to America. Oxford University Press. pp. 3–10.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ a b c d Reeves, Jay (February 8 2019). "Descendants from Last US Slave Ship Gathering". AP News. Retrieved December 2 2024.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|date=(help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b Raines, Ben (January 23 2018). "Wreck Found by Reporter May be Last American Salve Ship, Archaeologists say". AL. Retrieved December 2 2024.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|date=(help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "The Last American Slave Ship". The Coastal South. 2/25/2018.
{{cite web}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help);|archive-url=requires|archive-date=(help); Check date values in:|access-date=and|date=(help); Missing or empty|url=(help) - ^ a b Zanolli, Lauren (2018). "Africatown, Site of Last US Slave Shipment, Sues Over Pollution". Earth Island Institute Publication: 1.
- ^ a b c Sledge, John S. (2015). "Diverse Legacies". University of South Carolina Press: 263–266.
- ^ a b "Transatlantic Slave Trade Database". Slave Voyages.
{{cite web}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Missing or empty|url=(help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Little, Becky (October 6, 2023). "Descendants of Last Slave Ship Still Live in Alabama Community". History. Retrieved December 2, 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b Howel, Davis, Patterson and Womack, Vickii, Jocelyn, Darron and Joe (2021). "Africatown: The Quest for Spatial Justice: Observations on Architecture and the Contemporary City". Anyone Corporation (no. 52): 46.
{{cite journal}}:|issue=has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Smith, Kiona N. (August 2, 2019). "What will happen to the last slave ship in the US?". ARS Technica. Retrieved December 2, 3034.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Tabor, Nick (May 2, 2018). "Africatown and the 21st-Century Stain of Slavery". Intelligencer NY. Retrieved December 2 2024.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help) - ^ a b c "Family Members of the Financier of the Last American Slave Ship Break Silence". ABC News. November 14, 2022.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help)