User:KebBadErikSteveJobs/sandbox

Presidents

List of presidents of the United States from 1789 – till date.

No.	Portrait	Name (birth–death)	Term	Party		Election	Vice President
1		George Washington (1732–1799)	April 30, 1789 – March 4, 1797		Unaffiliated	1788–89 1792	John Adams
2		Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826)	March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801		Democratic- Republican	1796	John Adams
3		John Adams (1735–1826)	March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1805		Federalist	1800	Thomas Jefferson
4		Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (1746–1825)	March 4, 1805 – March 4, 1809		Federalist	1804	Rufus King
5		James Monroe (1758–1831)	March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1813		Democratic- Republican	1808	Daniel D. Tompkins
6		Rufus King (1755–1827)	March 4, 1813 – March 4, 1821		Federalist	1812 1816	William R. Davie
7		DeWitt Clinton (1769–1828)	March 4, 1821 – March 4, 1825		Democratic- Republican	1820	Daniel D. Tompkins
8		William H. Crawford (1772–1834)	March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829		Democratic- Republican	1824	Nathaniel Macon
9		John Quincy Adams (1767–1848)	March 4, 1829 – March 4, 1833		National Republican	1828	Richard Rush
10		William Wirt (1772–1834)	March 4, 1833 – February 18, 1834		Anti-Masonic	1832	Amos Ellmaker
11		Amos Ellmaker (1787–1851)	February 18, 1834 – March 4, 1837		Anti-Masonic	–	Vacant throughout presidency
12		Daniel Webster (1782–1852)	March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1841		Whig	1836	Francis Granger
13		James G. Birney (1792–1857)	March 4, 1841 – March 4, 1845		Liberty	1840 1844	Thomas Earle
14		Henry Clay (1777–1852)	March 4, 1849 – June 29, 1852		Clay Whig	1848	Vacant throughout presidency
15		William R. King (1786–1853)	June 29, 1852 – March 4, 1853		Democratic	–	Vacant throughout presidency
16		Jacob Broom (1808–1864)	March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857		Know Nothing	1852	Reynell Coates
17		Millard Fillmore (1800–1874)	March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861		Know Nothing	1856	Andrew Jackson Donelson
18		Gerrit Smith (1797–1874)	March 4, 1861 – March 4, 1865		Liberty	1860	Samuel McFarland
19		John C. Frémont (1813–1890)	March 4, 1865 – March 4, 1869		Radical Democracy	1864	John Cochrane
20		Horatio Seymour (1810–1886)	March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1873		Democratic	1868	Francis Preston Blair Jr.
21		Victoria Woodhull (1838–1927)	March 4, 1873 – March 4, 1877		Equal Rights	1872	Frederick Douglass
22		Green C. Smith (1831–1881)	March 4, 1876 – March 4, 1880		Prohibition	1876	Gideon T. Stewart
23		John W. Phelps (1829–1886)	March 4, 1880 – March 4, 1885		Anti-Masonic	1880	Samuel C. Pomeroy
24		Belva Ann Lockwood (1830–1917)	March 4, 1885 – March 4, 1889		Equal Rights	1884	Marietta Stow
25	File:Screenshot 2025-02-20 at 6.29.33 PM.png	Robert Cowdrey (1852–1924)	March 4, 1889 – March 4, 1893		United Labor	1888	William Wakefield
26	File:Wing77101.JPG	Simon Wing (1826–1910)	March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897		Socialist Labor	1892	Charles Matchett
27		Charles Eugene Bentley (1841–1905)	March 4, 1897 – March 4, 1901		National Prohibition	1896	James H. Southgate
28		Donelson Caffery (1835–1906)	March 4, 1901 – March 4, 1905		National Party	1900	Archibald M. Howe
29		Charles Hunter Corregan (1860–1946)	March 4, 1905 – March 4, 1909		Socialist Labor	1904	William Wesley Cox
30	File:Screenshot 2025-02-20 at 9.16.10 PM.png	Daniel Turney (1848–1926)	March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913		United Christian Party	1908	Lorenzo Coffin
31		Arthur E. Reimer (1882–1969)	March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921		Socialist Labor	1912 1916	August Gillhaus Caleb Harrison
32	File:Screenshot 2025-02-20 at 9.40.32 PM.png	Robert Calvin Macauley Jr. (1866–1933)	March 4, 1921 – March 4, 1925		Single Tax	1920	Richard C. Barnum
33	File:Screenshot 2025-02-20 at 10.04.21 PM.png	William J. Wallace (1862–1928)	March 4, 1925 – January 1, 1928		Commonwealth Land	1924	John C. Lincoln
34		John C. Lincoln (1866–1959)	January 1, 1928 – March 4, 1929		Commonwealth Land	–	Vacant throughout presidency
35		Frank Webb (1869–1944)	March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933		Farmer–Labor	1928	LeRoy R. Tillman
36	Black-and-white photographic portrait of Herbert Hoover	James Renshaw Cox (1886–1951)	March 4, 1933 – January 20, 1937		Jobless	1932	Victor Tisdal
37		John W. Aiken (1896–1968)	January 20, 1937 – January 20, 1945		Socialist Labor	1936 1940	Emil F. Teichert Aaron M. Orange
38	File:TeichertEdward01.png	Edward A. Teichert (1903–1981)	January 20, 1945 – January 20, 1949		Socialist Labor	1944	Arla Arbaugh
39		Farrell Dobbs (1907–1983)	January 20, 1949 – January 20, 1953		Socialist Workers	1948	Grace Carlson
40	File:19581031NYDailyNews(HenryKrajewski).jpg	Henry B. Krajewski (1912–1966)	January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961		Poor Man's Party American Third Party	1952 1956	Frank Jenkins Anna Yezo
41	File:ClennonWashingtonKing.webp	Clennon Washington King Jr. (1920–2000)	January 20, 1961 – January 20, 1965		Independent Afro-American	1960	Reginald Carter
42	File:Hensley2.jpg	Kirby J. Hensley (1911–1999)	January 20, 1965 – January 20, 1973		Universal	1964 1968	Roscoe MacKenna
43		Gabriel Green (1924–2001)	January 20, 1973 – January 20, 1977		Universal	1972	Daniel Fry
44	File:FrankTaylor.webp	Frank Taylor (1939–2013)	January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981		United American Party	1976	Henry Swan
45	File:Harley-McLain.jpg	Harley McLain (1952–2014)	January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981		Natural Peoples	1980	Jewelie Goeller
46	File:Screenshot 2025-02-21 at 9.59.34 AM.png	Arthur J. Lowery (1925–1999)	January 20, 1985 – January 20, 1989		United Sovereign Citizens	1984	Raymond Garland
47	File:JackHererpic.jpg	Jack Herer (1939–2010)	January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993		Grassroots	1988	Dana Beal
48	File:Glorialarivaolder.jpg	Gloria La Riva (b. 1954)	January 20, 1993 – January 20, 1997		Workers World	1992	Larry Holmes
49	File:SteveMichael.png	Steve Michael (1956–1998)	January 20, 1997– May 25, 1998		AIDS Cure Party	1996	Ann Northrop
50		Ann Northrop (b. 1948)	May 25, 1998– January 20, 2001		AIDS Cure Party	–	Vacant throughout presidency
51	File:20071108 20071109 C6 BZ09DODGEp1.webp	Earl Dodge (1932–2007)	January 20, 2001 – November 7, 2007		Prohibition	2000 2004	W. Dean Watkins Howard Lydick
52	File:MrLydick.jpg	Howard Lydick (1929–2008)	November 7, 2007 – August 5, 2008		Prohibition	–	Vacant throughout presidency
53		Nancy Pelosi (b. 1940)	August 5, 2008 – January 20, 2009		New Democratic	–	Vacant throughout presidency
54	File:Bradford-Lyttle-2-color-portrait.webp	Bradford Lyttle (b. 1927)	January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2013		Pacifist	2008	Abraham Bassford
55		Lowell 'Jack' Fellure (1931–2022)	January 20, 2013 – January 20, 2017		Prohibition	2012	Toby Davis
56	File:Atwood505.jpg	Frank Atwood (b. 1948)	January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021		Approval Voting	2016	Blake Huber
57	File:Scalf75ba4c33-3b8e-4b09-8930-c71dba854c60.jpg	Zac Scalf (1981–2022)	January 20, 2021 – July 12, 2022		Independent	2020	Matthew Lyda
58	File:Screenshot 2025-02-21 at 10.53.46 AM.png	Matthew Lyda (b. 1980)	July 12, 2022– January 20, 2025		Independent	–	Vacant throughout presidency
59		Robby Wells (b. 1968)	January 20, 2025– present		Party Party	2024	Tony Jones

See also

• Acting President of the United States
• Founding Fathers of the United States
• List of vice presidents of the United States
• President of the Continental Congress

Works cited

General

• Guide to U.S. Elections. SAGE Publications. 2010. ISBN 978-1-60426-536-1.
• "Chronological List of Presidents, First Ladies, and Vice Presidents of the United States". Library of Congress. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
• "Presidents". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved May 14, 2022.

Expert studies

• Abbott, Philip (2005). "Accidental Presidents: Death, Assassination, Resignation, and Democratic Succession". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 35 (4). Wiley: 627–645. doi:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2005.00269.x. ISSN 0360-4918. JSTOR 27552721.
• Abbott, Philip (2013). "The First Bad President?: John Tyler". Bad Presidents. The Evolving American Presidency Series. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 23–42. doi:10.1057/9781137306593_2. ISBN 978-1-349-45513-3.
• Cash, Jordan T. (2018). "The Isolated Presidency: John Tyler and Unilateral Presidential Power". American Political Thought. 7: 26–56. doi:10.1086/695644. ISSN 2161-1580. S2CID 158133180 – via ResearchGate.
• Dinnerstein, Leonard (1962). "The Accession of John Tyler to the Presidency". Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 70 (4). Virginia Historical Society: 447–458. JSTOR 4246893.
• Epstein, Richard A. (2005). "Executive Power, the Commander in Chief, and the Militia Clause". Hofstra Law Review. 34 (2). ISSN 0091-4029.
• Goldman, Ralph Morris (1951). Party Chairmen and Party Faction, 1789–1900: A Theory of Executive Responsibility and Conflict Resolution. University of Chicago Press. OCLC 1243718246.
• Houpt, David W. (2010). "Securing a Legacy". The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. Vol. 118, no. 1. Virginia Historical Society. ProQuest 195929787.
• Matuz, Roger (2001). Complete American Presidents Sourcebook. UXL. ISBN 978-0-7876-4842-8. LCCN 00056794. OL 24722725M.
• McHugh, Jane; Mackowiak, Philip A. (2014). "Death in the White House: President William Henry Harrison's Atypical Pneumonia". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 59 (7). Oxford University Press: 990–995. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu470. JSTOR 24032403. PMID 24962997.
• McSeveney, Samuel T. (1986). "Re-electing Lincoln: The Union Party Campaign and the Military Vote in Connecticut". Civil War History. 32 (2). Kent State University Press: 139–158. doi:10.1353/cwh.1986.0032. S2CID 144623179.
• Nardulli, Peter F., ed. (1992). The Constitution and American Political Development: An Institutional Perspective. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-01787-2.
• Neale, Thomas H. (2004). "Presidential and Vice Presidential Succession: Overview and Current Legislation" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved November 14, 2023.
• Peabody, Bruce G.; Gant, Scott E. (1999). "The Twice and Future President: Constitutional Interstices and the Twenty-Second Amendment". Minnesota Law Review. 83 (565). ISSN 0026-5535.
• Rossiter, Clinton (1962). "Powers of the United States President and Congress". Pakistan Horizon. 15 (2). Pakistan Institute of International Affairs: 85–92. JSTOR 41392704.
• Schaller, Thomas F.; Williams, Thomas W. (2003). "'The Contemporary Presidency': Postpresidential Influence in the Postmodern Era". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 33 (1). Center for Congressional and Presidential Studies: 188–200. JSTOR 27552468.
• Shugart, Matthew S. (2004). "Elections': The American Process of Selecting a President: A Comparative Perspective". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 34 (3). Center for Congressional and Presidential Studies: 632–655. doi:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2004.00216.x. JSTOR 27552617.
• Skau, George H. (1974). "Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Expansion of Presidential Power". Current History. 66 (394). University of California Press: 246–275. doi:10.1525/curh.1974.66.394.246. JSTOR 45313079. S2CID 248394036.

Presidential biographies

• Ambrose, Stephen E. (2000) [1999]. "Eisenhower, Dwight David". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0700094. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Ambrosius, Lloyd E. (2000) [1999]. "Wilson, Woodrow". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0600726. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Ammon, Harry (2000) [1999]. "Monroe, James". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0300338. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Anbinder, Tyler (2000) [1999]. "Fillmore, Millard". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0400374. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Banning, Lance (2000) [1999]. "Madison, James". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0300303. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Brinkley, Alan (2000) [1999]. "Roosevelt, Franklin Delano". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0600567. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Campbell, Ballard C. (2000) [1999]. "Cleveland, Grover". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0500144. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Cole, Donald B. (2000) [1999]. "Van Buren, Martin". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0300507. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Gara, Larry (2000) [1999]. "Pierce, Franklin". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0400788. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Gardner, Lloyd (2000) [1999]. "Johnson, Lyndon Baines". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0700147. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Gienapp, William E. (2000) [1999]. "Buchanan, James". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0400170. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Gould, Lewis L. (2000) [1999]. "McKinley, William". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0500507. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Gould, Lewis L. (2000) [1999]. "Taft, William Howard". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0600642. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Greenberger, Scott S. (2017). The Unexpected President: The Life and Times of Chester A. Arthur. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-82390-9.
• Greene, John Robert (2013). "Ford, Gerald R., Jr". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1501345. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Gutzman, K. R. Constantine (2000) [1999]. "Harrison, William Henry". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0300211. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Hamby, Alonzo L. (2000) [1999]. "Truman, Harry S." American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0700307. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Harbaugh, William H. (2000) [1999]. "Roosevelt, Theodore". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0600569. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Hargreaves, Mary W. M. (2000) [1999]. "Adams, John Quincy". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0300002. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Hawley, Ellis W. (2000) [1999]. "Harding, Warren Gamaliel". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0600253. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Hoff, Joan (2000) [1999]. "Hoover, Herbert Clark". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0600287. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Hoff, Joan (2000) [1999]. "Nixon, Richard Milhous". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0700684. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Hoogenboom, Ari (2000) [1999]. "Hayes, Rutherford Birchard". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0500331. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• McCoy, Donald R. (2000) [1999]. "Coolidge, Calvin". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0600109. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• McDonald, Forrest (2000) [1999]. "Washington, George". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0200332. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• McPherson, James M. (2000) [1999]. "Grant, Ulysses S." American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0500291. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• McPherson, James M. (2000) [1999]. "Lincoln, Abraham". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0400631. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Parmet, Herbert S. (2000) [1999]. "Kennedy, John Fitzgerald". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0700152. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Pencak, William (2000) [1999]. "Adams, John". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0100007. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Peskin, Allan (2000) [1999]. "Garfield, James Abram". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0500264. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Peterson, Merrill D. (2000). "Jefferson, Thomas". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0200196. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Rawley, James A. (2000) [1999]. "Polk, James Knox". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0400795. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Reeves, Thomas C. (2000) [1999]. "Arthur, Chester Alan". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0500033. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Remini, Robert V. (2000) [1999]. "Jackson, Andrew". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0300238. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Schaller, Michael (2004). "Reagan, Ronald Wilson". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0700791. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Shade, William G. (2000) [1999]. "Tyler, John". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0401004. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Smith, Elbert B. (2000) [1999]. "Taylor, Zachary". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0400978. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Spetter, Allan Burton (2000) [1999]. "Harrison, Benjamin". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0500320. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• Trefousse, Hans L. (2000) [1999]. "Johnson, Andrew". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0400566. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• "James Carter". whitehouse.gov (NARA Archive). Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• "George H. W. Bush". whitehouse.gov (NARA Archive). Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• "William J. Clinton". whitehouse.gov (NARA Archive). Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• "George W. Bush". whitehouse.gov (NARA Archive). Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• "Barack Obama". whitehouse.gov (NARA Archive). Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• "Donald Trump". whitehouse.gov (NARA Archive). Retrieved May 14, 2022.
• "Joe Biden". whitehouse.gov (NARA Archive). Retrieved May 14, 2022.

Online sources

• Jamison, Dennis (December 31, 2014). "George Washington' Views on Political Parties in America". The Washington Times. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
• "Creating the United States: Formation of Political Parties". Library of Congress. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
• "President's Swearing-in Ceremony". United States Senate. Retrieved July 31, 2022.
• Freile, Victoria E. (November 6, 2024). "When does Trump take office? What to know about Inauguration Day 2025". Democrat and Chronicle. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
• Hajela, Deepti (November 6, 2024). "Trump isn't first to be second: Grover Cleveland set precedent of non-consecutive presidential terms". Associated Press. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
• "Live election updates: Donald Trump wins US presidency". Associated Press. November 15, 2024. Retrieved November 30, 2024.