User:GLM867/sandbox

Taoiseach of Ireland
Taoiseach of Ireland
	Flag of Ireland
	Incumbent; Leo Varadkar; since 17 December 2022
	Executive branch of the Irish Government; Department of the Taoiseach
Style	Irish: A Thaoisigh
Type	Prime minister
Status	Head of government
Member of	Dáil Éireann; Cabinet; Council of State; British–Irish Council; European Council;
Reports to	Oireachtas
Residence	None
Seat	Government Buildings,; Merrion Street, Dublin
Nominator	Dáil Éireann
Appointer	President of Ireland
Term length	While commanding the confidence of the majority of Dáil Éireann. No term limits are imposed on the office.
Constituting instrument	Article 28, Bunreacht na hÉireann
Precursor	President of the Executive Council (1922-1937)
Inaugural holder	Éamon de Valera
Formation	29 December 1937; 84 years ago
Deputy	Tánaiste
Salary	€230,372 annually (2023); (including €107,376 salary as a TD)
Website	Department of the Taoiseach

Fianna Fáil - The Republican Party

*Fianna Fáil - An Páirtí Poblachtánach*
Fianna Fáil - The Republican Party Fianna Fáil - An Páirtí Poblachtánach
Abbreviation	FF
Leader	Micheál Martin
Deputy Leader	Fiona O'Loughlin
Seanad Leader	Lisa Chambers
Chief Whip	Cormac Devlin (Dáil) ; Robbie Gallagher (Seanad)
Chair	Brendan Smith
Founders	Éamon de Valera; ... and others Seán Lemass ; Constance Markievicz ; Frank Aiken ; Gerry Boland ;
Founded	27 May 1926; 97 years ago La Scalla Theatre, Prince's Street, Dublin, Irish Free State
Split from	Sinn Féin
Headquarters	Áras de Valera, 65-66 Lower Mount Street, Dublin 2, D02 NX90
Newspaper	The Irish Press
Youth wing	Ógra Fianna Fáil
Women's wing	Mná Fhianna Fáil
Overseas wing	Ciarde Fáil
LGBTQ+ wing	Fianna Fáil LGBTQI+ Network
Membership (2022)	18,000
Ideology	Irish nationalism ; Irish republicanism ; Pro-Europeanism ; Populism ; Big tent
Political position	Centre to Centre-right
European affiliation	Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
European Parliament group	Renew Europe
International affiliation	Liberal International
Colors	Green
Slogan	"An Ireland for All"
Governing body	Fianna Fáil Ard Chomhairle
Parliamentary party	An Coiste Lemass
Dáil Éireann	36 / 160
Seanad Éireann	21 / 60
European Parliament	2 / 13
Local government in the Republic of Ireland	276 / 949
	^ a: previously a member of the Alliance for Europe of the Nations (2002–09); ^ b: Member of the EPD group from 1973 to 1984, the EDA group from 1984 to 1995, the UfE group from 1995 to 1999, the UEN group from 1999 to 2009, and the ALDE group from 2009 to 2014.;

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Fianna Fáil (/fiˌænə ˈfɔɪl, ˌfiːənə -/ feena FALL or FOYLE,^[5]^[6] Irish: [ˌfʲiən̪ˠə ˈfˠaːlʲ] ^ⓘ; meaning 'Soldiers of Destiny' or 'Warriors of Fál'),^[7] officially Fianna Fáil – The Republican Party^[8]^[9] ([Fianna Fáil – An Páirtí Poblachtánach] Error: {{Langx}}: invalid parameter: |audio= (help)),^[10] is one of the main political parties in Ireland, alongside its primary rival since the 1930s, Fine Gael, and since 2011, Sinn Féin. Fianna Fáil is currently the senior partner in Ireland’s government coalition, along with Fine Gael and the Green Party, having won the 2020 general election with the most seats in Dáil Éireann. Historically described as a broad church and a classic catch-all party, Fianna Fáil has often defined itself as such, with enduring ideological commitments to Irish republicanism and reunification, Irish nationalism, and pro-Europeanism. The party currently has 36 Teachtaí Dála, 21 Seanadóirí, two Members of the European Parliament, and approximately 275 city and county councillors. Five Presidents of Ireland have been Fianna Fáil candidates, the most out of any other party (the Labour Party coming in second with two).

Fianna Fáil was founded in 1926 by Éamon de Valera and his supporters following the Irish Civil War, over splits in the original Sinn Féin movement around the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty’s Oath of Allegiance to the British Crown and the partition of Ireland. Since 1932, it was one of the two dominant political parties in the Irish Free State, along with Cumann na nGaedheal which later formed into Fine Gael. For much of the following eighty years, Fianna Fáil dominated political life; de Valera served three terms as Taoiseach and played a significant role in laying the constitutional groundwork for Ireland to declare itself as an independent republic from the British Commonwealth in 1949. Historically averse to power-sharing, the party reversed this long-standing policy after the 1989 general election and has since led coalitions of the centre-left (with Labour, 1992–1994; and the Greens, 2007–2011) and the centre-right (with the Progressive Democrats, 1989–1992; 1997–2002; 2002–2007). Every consecutive Fianna Fáil leader has served as Taoiseach, and it remains the party with the most cumulative years of governmental experience in the modern Irish State.

In the 2011 general election the party's vote share collapsed and emerged in third place, in what was widely seen as a major realignment in the wake of the Great Recession in Ireland. By 2016 it had recovered enough to become the main opposition party and entered into a confidence and supply agreement with a Fine Gael-led minority government. In 2020, after a protracted stalemate following the general election, Fianna Fáil agreed with Fine Gael and the Green Party to enter an unprecedented coalition, with the leaders of Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael rotating between the position of Taoiseach and Tánaiste. Micheál Martin has led the party since 2011 and currently serves as Taoiseach, with an additional six Fianna Fáil Ministers holding various Cabinet portfolios.

Fianna Fáil is a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ADLE) and sits with the Renew Europe group in the European Parliament. It has been a full member of Liberal International since 2009. The party is also organised in Northern Ireland and has a working relationship with the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), but it has not yet agreed to formally contest elections there. As of July 2021, it has an estimated 20,000 full members.

History

.

Origins

Fianna Fáil was founded by Éamon de Valera, a former leader of Sinn Féin.^[11] He and a number of other members split from Sinn Féin when a motion he proposed—which called for elected members to be allowed to take their seats in Dáil Éireann if and when the controversial Oath of Allegiance was removed—failed to pass at the Sinn Féin Ard Fheis in 1926.^[12] His new party adopted its name on 2 April of the same year. While it was also opposed to the Treaty settlement, it rejected abstentionism, instead aiming to republicanise the Irish Free State from within. Fianna Fáil's platform of economic autarky had appeal among the farmers, working-class people and the poor, while alienating more affluent classes.^[13] It largely pre-empted voters of the aforementioned groups from the Labour Party (with its almost identical economic and social policy) following its entry into the Dáil in 1927.^[14] Fianna Fáil would go on to style themselves for several decades as “the real Labour Party.”^[15]^[16]^[17]

Allen, Kieran (2005). "Fianna Fáil and Neo-Liberalism". Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review. 94 (373): 17–25.
Coakley, John; Gallagher, Michael, eds. (2017). Politics in the Republic of Ireland (6th ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-11945-1.
Clifford, Michael; Coleman, Shane (2009). Bertie Ahern and the Drumcondra Mafia. Dublin: Hachette Books Ireland. ISBN 978-0-340-91904-0.
Collins, Stephen (2001). The Power Game: Ireland Under Fianna Fáil (2nd ed.). Dublin: O'Brien Press. ISBN 978-0-862-78720-2.
Coogan, Tim Pat (1993). De Valera: Long Fellow, Long Shadow. London: Hutchinson. ISBN 978-0-060-92690-8.
Dunphy, Richard (1995). The Making of Fianna Fáil Power in Ireland, 1923–1948. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-198-20474-9.
Dwyer, T. Ryle (2001). Nice Fellow: A Biography of Jack Lynch. Cork: Mercier Press. ISBN 978-1-856-35368-7.
Dwyer, T. Ryle (1997). Short Fellow: A Biography of Charles J. Haughey. Dublin: Marino. ISBN 978-1-860-23142-1.
English, Richard (2006). Irish Freedom: The History of Nationalism in Ireland. London: Pan Books. ISBN 978-0-330-42759-3.
Ferriter, Dairmuid (2007). Judging Dev: A Reassessment of the Life and Legacy of Éamon de Valera. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. ISBN 978-1-904-89028-7.
Foster, Roy (1988). Ireland 1660–1972. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0713990102.
Girvan, Brian; Murphy, Gary, eds. (2007). The Lemass Era: Politics and Society in the Ireland of Seán Lemass. Dublin: University College Dublin Press. ISBN 978-1-904-55829-3.
Horgan, John (1999). Seán Lemass: The Enigmatic Patriot. Dublin: Gill Books. ISBN 978-0-717-12939-3.
Kee, Robert (2000). The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism. London: Pengiun. ISBN 978-0-140-29165-0.
Kelly, Stephen (2016). 'A Failed Political Entity’: Charles Haughey and the Northern Ireland Question, 1945-1992. Kildare: Merion Press. ISBN 978-1-785-37097-7.
Kelly, Stephen (2013). Fianna Fáil, Partition and Northern Ireland, 1926–1971. Kildare: Merion Press. ISBN 978-0-716-53186-9.
Leahy, Pat (2009). Showtime: The Inside Story of Fianna Fáil in Power. Dublin: Penguin Ireland. ISBN 978-1-844-88202-1.
McCabe, M.P. (2012). For God and Ireland: The Fight for Moral Superiority in Ireland 1922-1932. Kildare: Irish Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-716-53162-3.
McGraw, Sean; O'Malley, Eoin, eds. (2018). One Party Dominance: Fianna Fáil and Irish Politics 1926–2016. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-30857-2.
Macardle, Dorothy (1968). The Irish Republic. London: Corgi. ISBN 978-0-552-07862-7.
Murphy, Gary (2016). "Chapter 6: Fianna Fáil and the politics of nemesis". Electoral competition in Ireland since 1987. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 129–154. ISBN 978-0-719-09766-9.
Nic Dháibhéad, Caoimhe (2010). "Throttling the IRA: Fianna Fáil and the subversive threat, 1939-1945". In Nic Dháibhéad, Caoimhe; Reid, Colin (eds.). From Parnell to Paisley: Constitutional and Revolutionary Politics in Modern Ireland. Kildare: Irish Academic Press. pp. 100–110. ISBN 978-0-716-53062-6.
Ó Beacháin, Donnacha (2013). Destiny of the Soldiers: Fianna Fáil, Irish Republicanism and the IRA: 1926–1973. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-717-14763-2.
O'Brien, Mark (2001). De Valera, Fianna Fáil and the Irish Press: The Truth in the News?. Kildare: Irish Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-716-52733-6.
O'Donnell, Catherine (2007). Fianna Fáil, Irish Republicanism, and the Northern Ireland Troubles, 1965–2005. Kildare: Irish Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-716-52859-3.
O'Haplin, Eunan (1997). "Parliamentary Party Discipline and Tactics: The Fianna Fáil Archives, 1926–32". Irish Historical Studies. 30 (120): 581–590.
Shonk, Kenneth B. (2021). Ireland's New Traditionalists: Fianna Fáil Republicanism and Gender, 1926-1938. Cork: Cork University Press. ISBN 978-1-782-05439-9.
Whelan, Noel (2012). Fianna Fáil: A Biography of the Party. Dublin: Gill Books. ISBN 978-0-717-14761-8.

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	Party	Constituency
Fergus O'Dowd TD (chair)	Fine Gael	Louth
James Lawless TD	Fianna Fáil	Kildare South
Senator Annie Hoey	Labour	Seanad
Brendan Smith TD	Fianna Fáil	Cavan-Monaghan
Pauline Tully MP	Sinn Féin	Cavan-Monaghan
Margaret Mullane MP	Labour	Dagenham and Rainham
Chris Murray MP	Labour	Edinburgh East and Musselburgh
Connor Rand MP	Labour	Altrincham and Sale West
Joani Reid MP	Labour	East Kilbride and Strathaven
Bell Ribeiro-Addy MP	Labour	Clapham and Brixton Hill
Jake Richards MP	Labour	Rother Valley

^ "Find a TD – Houses of the Oireachtas". Archived from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
^ "Find a Senator – Houses of the Oireachtas". Archived from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
^ "Full list | MEPs | European Parliament". Europarl.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
^ "2019 Local Elections". electionsireland.org. Archived from the original on 5 January 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
^ "Fianna Fáil". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. n.d. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
^ "Fianna Fáil". Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Longman. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
^ Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977). (advisory ed. Tomás de Bhaldraithe) (ed.). Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla (in Irish). Dublin: An Gúm. pp. 512, 540. ISBN 978-1-85791-037-7.
^ Ian Budge; David Robertson; Derek Hearl (1987). Ideology, Strategy and Party Change: Spatial Analyses of Post-War Election Programmes in 19 Democracies. Cambridge University Press. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-521-30648-5. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
^ "About Fianna Fáil". Fianna Fáil. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2016. The party's name incorporates the words 'The Republican Party' in its title.
^ T. Banchoff (1999). Legitimacy and the European Union. Taylor & Francis. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-415-18188-4. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
^ "Notable New Yorkers – Eamon de Valéra". Archived from the original on 8 February 2004.
^ The Times, Irish Republican Split. Search For Basis of Cooperation 13 March 1926
^ Peter Mair and Liam Weeks, "The Party System," in Politics in the Republic of Ireland, ed. John Coakley and Michael Gallagher, 4th ed. (New York: Routledge, 2004), p. 140
^ Allen, Kieran (1997). Fianna Fáil and Irish Labour: 1926 to the Present. Pluto Press. ISBN 978-0-7453-0865-4.
^ Rouse, Paul; Daly, Paul; O'Brien, Ronan (30 April 2012). Making the Difference?: The Irish Labour Party 1912–2012. Gill & Macmillan Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84889-970-4.
^ Downey, James (1998). Lenihan: His Life and Loyalties. Ireland: New Island Books. ISBN 978-1-874597-34-6.
^ Allen, Kieran (1993). Fianna Fail and the Irish Labour Movement 1926–1982: From Populism to Corporatism. Trinity College Dublin.
^ "Salaries, Houses of the Oireachtas". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
^ "Salaries, Houses of the Oireachtas". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2021.

Cite error: There are <ref group=nb> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=nb}} template (see the help page).
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[1] "Find a TD – Houses of the Oireachtas". Archived from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2022.

[2] "Find a Senator – Houses of the Oireachtas". Archived from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2022.

[3] "Full list | MEPs | European Parliament". Europarl.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2022.

[5] "2019 Local Elections". electionsireland.org. Archived from the original on 5 January 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2022.

[6] "Fianna Fáil". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. n.d. Retrieved 14 August 2019.

[7] "Fianna Fáil". Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Longman. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.

[8] Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977). (advisory ed. Tomás de Bhaldraithe) (ed.). Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla (in Irish). Dublin: An Gúm. pp. 512, 540. ISBN 978-1-85791-037-7.

[BudgeRobertson1987-9] Ian Budge; David Robertson; Derek Hearl (1987). Ideology, Strategy and Party Change: Spatial Analyses of Post-War Election Programmes in 19 Democracies. Cambridge University Press. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-521-30648-5. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2012.

[10] "About Fianna Fáil". Fianna Fáil. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2016. The party's name incorporates the words 'The Republican Party' in its title.

[Banchoff1999_127-11] T. Banchoff (1999). Legitimacy and the European Union. Taylor & Francis. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-415-18188-4. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2012.

[12] "Notable New Yorkers – Eamon de Valéra". Archived from the original on 8 February 2004.

[13] The Times, Irish Republican Split. Search For Basis of Cooperation 13 March 1926

[14] Peter Mair and Liam Weeks, "The Party System," in Politics in the Republic of Ireland, ed. John Coakley and Michael Gallagher, 4th ed. (New York: Routledge, 2004), p. 140

[15] Allen, Kieran (1997). Fianna Fáil and Irish Labour: 1926 to the Present. Pluto Press. ISBN 978-0-7453-0865-4.

[16] Rouse, Paul; Daly, Paul; O'Brien, Ronan (30 April 2012). Making the Difference?: The Irish Labour Party 1912–2012. Gill & Macmillan Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84889-970-4.

[17] Downey, James (1998). Lenihan: His Life and Loyalties. Ireland: New Island Books. ISBN 978-1-874597-34-6.

[18] Allen, Kieran (1993). Fianna Fail and the Irish Labour Movement 1926–1982: From Populism to Corporatism. Trinity College Dublin.

[22] "Salaries, Houses of the Oireachtas". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2021.

[23] "Salaries, Houses of the Oireachtas". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2021.

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History

Origins

Further reading

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