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User:Fred Gandt/sandbox/chessDemo/Example article 2

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 This is a copy and reworking of Deep Blue versus Kasparov, 1996, Game 1 for demonstration and testing.
IBM's Deep Blue
World Champion Garry Kasparov

Deep Blue–Kasparov, 1996, Game 1 is a famous chess game in which a computer played against a human being. It was the first game played in the 1996 Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov match, and the first time that a chess-playing computer defeated a reigning world champion under normal chess tournament conditions (in particular, standard time control; in this case 40 moves in two hours).

Overview

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Deep Blue was a computer developed by IBM to beat grandmaster Garry Kasparov, the top chess player in the world at the time according to Elo ratings. Playing White, Deep Blue won this first game in the match on February 10, 1996, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Kasparov rebounded over the next five games, winning three and drawing two, to soundly beat the machine in the 1996 match.

The game

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Deep Blue–Kasparov

The first 10 moves.

ah bg cf de ed fc gb ha
81 81
72 72
63 63
54 54
45 45
36 36
27 27
18 18
ah bg cf de ed fc gb ha

Notation

1.e4 c5

2.c3 d5

3.exd5 Qxd5

4.d4 Nf6

5.Nf3 Bg4

6.Be2 e6

7.h3 Bh5

8.0-0 Nc6

9.Be3 cxd4

10.cxd4 Bb4

Deep Blue–Kasparov

Moves 11–23.

ah bg cf de ed fc gb ha
81 81
72 72
63 63
54 54
45 45
36 36
27 27
18 18
ah bg cf de ed fc gb ha

Notation

11.a3 Ba5

12.Nc3 Qd6

13.Nb5 Qe7

14.Ne5 Bxe2

15.Qxe2 0-0

16.Rac1 Rac8

17.Bg5 Bb6

18.Bxf6 gxf6

19.Nc4 Rfd8

20.Nxb6 axb6

21.Rfd1 f5

22.Qe3 Qf6

23.d5

Deep Blue–Kasparov

Moves 23–31.

ah bg cf de ed fc gb ha
81 81
72 72
63 63
54 54
45 45
36 36
27 27
18 18
ah bg cf de ed fc gb ha

Notation

23...Rxd5

24.Rxd5 exd5

25.b3 Kh8

26.Qxb6 Rg8

27.Qc5 d4

28.Nd6 f4

29.Nxb7 Ne5

30.Qd5 f3

31.g3 Nd3

White: Deep Blue   Black: Garry Kasparov   Opening: Sicilian Defense (ECO B22)

1. e4 c5 2. c3

It is more common to play 2.Nf3, but Kasparov has deep experience with that line, so White's opening book goes in a different direction. The IBM team determined the opening moves played by Deep Blue.

2... d5 3. exd5 Qxd5 4. d4 Nf6 5. Nf3 Bg4 6. Be2 e6 7. h3 Bh5 8. 0-0 Nc6 9. Be3 cxd4 10. cxd4 Bb4

A more common move here is Be7. This was a new approach by Kasparov, developing the bishop in an unusual way. If 11.Nc3 Qa5 12.Qb3 then the game transposes into a game Kasparov previously played against Kramnik. The merit of the new move is debated. After this move, the computer left its opening book and began calculating its moves.

11. a3 Ba5 12. Nc3 Qd6 13. Nb5 Qe7 14. Ne5! Bxe2 15. Qxe2 0-0 16. Rac1 Rac8 17. Bg5

Black now has a problem with the pinned knight on f6.

17... Bb6 18. Bxf6 gxf6

Kasparov avoids ...Qxf6? because White would gain material with 19.Nd7. Note that Kasparov's king is now far more exposed.

19. Nc4!

Black cannot take the d4-pawn due to Qg4+.

19... Rfd8 20. Nxb6! axb6 21. Rfd1 f5 22. Qe3!

This is an excellent square for White's queen.

22... Qf6 23. d5!

This type of pawn sacrifice is typical of Kasparov's style of play. Kasparov commented that he might have played 23.d5 himself in this position, since it hurts Black's pawn structure and opens up the board, and Black's exposed king suggests that there is probably a way to exploit the result.[citation needed] Kasparov has been attacking White's d-pawn, and the computer wisely decides to advance it for an attack instead of trying to defend it.

23... Rxd5 24. Rxd5 exd5 25. b3! Kh8?

Kasparov attempts to prepare a counterattack by preparing to move his rook to the g-file, but it will not work. Burgess suggests that 25...Ne7 26.Rxc8+ would have been better, though White would still have some advantage.[1] Keene suggests that 25...Rd8! 26.Qxb6 Rd7 was Black's best try, strengthening his passed d-pawn and queenside.[2]

26. Qxb6 Rg8 27. Qc5

Black was threatening 27...Qg5 forking g2 and the white rook.

27... d4 28. Nd6 f4 29. Nxb7

This is a very materialistic move, typical of computers; White grabs an undeveloped pawn for a small gain in material. However, Deep Blue has not identified any threat of checkmate from Black, so it simply acquires the material.

29... Ne5 30. Qd5

30.Qxd4?? would lose to 30...Nf3+. If White tries 30.Nd6 with the idea of 31.Qxe5 winning the knight, Black gets decisive pressure on the g-file after 30...Nf3+ 31.Kh1 Qg6. Kasparov later commented on his opponent: "My late game attack would intimidate many players into making a mistake or two, but not this one."

30... f3 31. g3 Nd3

It seems as though Black could annihilate White with 31...Qf4, threatening both ...Qxc1+ and 32.Kh2 Rxg3!! winning. But instead White could play 32.Rc8!! and turn the tables on Black. Kasparov may have seen this and planned 32...Qg5 33.h4 Rxc8!! 34.hxg5 Rc1+ 35.Kh2 Ng4+ 36.Kh3 Nxf2+ and mate next move, however Deep Blue could then spoil everything with 33.Rc5.[3]

32. Rc7 Re8

Kasparov is attacking, but the computer has correctly determined that the attack is not a real threat.

33. Nd6 Re1+ 34. Kh2 Nxf2 35. Nxf7+ Kg7

35...Qxf7 36.Qd8+ and White wins.

36. Ng5+ Kh6 37. Rxh7+ 1–0

After 37...Kg6 38.Qg8+ Kf5 39.Nxf3, Black cannot meet the simultaneous threats of 40.Nxe1, 40.Rf7 and 40.Qd5+. Kasparov resigned.

Deep Blue–Kasparov

All moves.

ah bg cf de ed fc gb ha
81 81
72 72
63 63
54 54
45 45
36 36
27 27
18 18
ah bg cf de ed fc gb ha

Notation

1.e4 c5

2.c3 d5

3.exd5 Qxd5

4.d4 Nf6

5.Nf3 Bg4

6.Be2 e6

7.h3 Bh5

8.0-0 Nc6

9.Be3 cxd4

10.cxd4 Bb4

11.a3 Ba5

12.Nc3 Qd6

13.Nb5 Qe7

14.Ne5 Bxe2

15.Qxe2 0-0

16.Rac1 Rac8

17.Bg5 Bb6

18.Bxf6 gxf6

19.Nc4 Rfd8

20.Nxb6 axb6

21.Rfd1 f5

22.Qe3 Qf6

23.d5 Rxd5

24.Rxd5 exd5

25.b3 Kh8

26.Qxb6 Rg8

27.Qc5 d4

28.Nd6 f4

29.Nxb7 Ne5

30.Qd5 f3

31.g3 Nd3

32.Rc7 Re8

33.Nd6 Re1+

34.Kh2 Nxf2

35.Nxf7+ Kg7

36.Ng5+ Kh6

37.Rxh7+ 1–0

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Burgess, Nunn, & Emms, 2004, p. 539
  2. ^ Keene (2005), p. 112
  3. ^ Keene (2005), pp. 112–13

References

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  • Burgess, Graham, John Nunn, & John Emms. The Mammoth Book of the World's Greatest Chess Games, 2nd ed. 2004. New York: Carroll and Graf Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-7867-1411-5.
  • Eade, James. Chess for Dummies. 1996. Foster City, CA: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. ISBN 0-7645-5003-9.
  • Raymond Keene (2005). Chess Terminators. Hardinge Simpole Publishing. ISBN 1-84382-171-0.
  • Wheeler, David A. Deep Blue – Kasparov, 1996, Game 1. http://www.dwheeler.com/misc/deepblue-kasparov.txt (in Portable Game Notation)
  • Game 1 and the other games from 1996
  • Deep Blue opens the match with a victory (IBM.com)
  • View all the games in the match versus Deep Blue.