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André Michaux

Louis Claude Marie Richard (1754–1821)

First edition of this great classic of American botany. André Michaux (1746-1802) compiled the first flora for eastern America and introduced many American plants into French horticulture. "... the results of Michaux's ten year sojourn in North America under the commission from the French government. His interest in North American trees was also to assess their importance as timber for the construction of naval vessels" (A catalogue of Rédoutéana, 8). 'His contribution to our knowledge of American plant life made for him a place of imperishable distinction as an American botanist' (Humphry, 'Makers of North American Botany', p. 177). 32 drawings are by P.J. Redouté, the foremost botanical artist of the period, and 4 by H.J. Redouté, engraved by Pleé and Sellier. A very clean copy.

Richard heavily edited and revised the text drafted by the elder Michaux and saw to its publication, following the general dictates of the younger Michaux but without his direct supervision. There is no question that Richard played a major role, as a friendly editor, but at no time, to my knowledge, did the elder Richard ever assume credit for the publication of Michaux's Flora Boreali-Americana.

New Jersey

"In a wild and romantic situation on Bergen Creek, nearly opposite the City of New York, thirty acres of land were purchased for a garden and fruitery by the unfortunate Louis XYI, who as proprietor became a naturalized citizen by act of the Legislature."

This statement of Warden seems to have been based on a notice relating to this garden in the New Jersey Journal June 27, 1787, in which it is said,

"Part of this space is at present enclosing with a stone wall, and a universal collection of exotic, as well as domestic plants, trees and flowers, are already begun to be introduced to this elegant spot, which in time must rival, if not excel the most celebrated gardens of Europe. The situation is naturally wild and romantic, between two considerable rivers, in view of the main ocean, the city of New York, the heights of Staten Island and a vast extent of distant mountains on the western side of the landscape."

As

"tall oaks from little acorns grow,"

so these exaggerated statements had their origin in the following simple fact. On March 3, 1786, Andre Michaux, in his petition to the Legislature of this State, set forth that the King of France had commissioned him as his botanist to travel through the United States, that he had power to import from France any tree, plant or vegetable that might be wanting in this country, that he wished to establish near Bergen a botanical garden of about thirty acres, to experiment in agriculture and gardening, and which he intended to stock with French and American plants, as also with plants from all over the world. The Legislature granted his petition, and permitted him as an alien to hold not exceeding two hundred acres of land in this State.

Selected illustrators and engravers

36 engraved plates (numbered 1–36). 32 are from drawings by Pierre Joseph Redouté (wikidata Q551638) (Austrian Netherlands → present-day Belgium; 1759–1840) and 4 are from drawings by his younger brother, Henry Joseph Redouté (fr) (Austrian Netherlands → present-day Belgium; 1766–1852). Auguste Plée (1787–1825) engraved 33 of the plates and Louis Sellier (or Sailliar) (1757–c.1835)) engraved 3. Auguste was the father of engravers Victoire Plée and François P. Plée (1800–1864). Louis was the son of engraver François Noël Sellier (1737–1782). (LCCN; no98129859)

Illustrators

• P.J. Redouté Ret. – Pierre-Joseph Redouté (wikidata Q551638) (Austrian Netherlands → present-day Belgium; 1759–1840), older brother of Henri-Jospeh Redouté
• Henri-Joseph Redouté (fr) (wikidata Q3130410) (Austrian Netherlands → present-day Belgium; 1766–1852), younger brother of Pierre-Joseph Redouté

2024 Paris Olympics

The Olympic flame for the Paris 2024 Summer Olympics was suspended from a 30-meter-tall (98 feet) helium-filled balloon during the opening ceremonies on July 26. It soared 1,000 metres (3,300 feet) in the Parisian sky as beacon of enduring peace and unity, embodying the spirit of the Olympics. The balloon itself added several dimensions to this symbolism. It not only extended the flame’s reach but also commemorated the "Montgolfière," the first-ever manned hot air balloon flight on November 21, 1783—an innovation that took place in the same region by the Montgolfier brothers, Joseph-Michel Montgolfier (1740–1810) and Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier (1745–1799). Their achievement marked a transformative milestone in aeronautical science, with pioneering pilots Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier (1754–1785) and the François Laurent d'Arlandes (1742–1809) making this historic flight possible.

For the remainder of the Games, the Olympic balloon floated aloft 60 metres (200 feet) over the Tuileries Garden. The designer, Mathieu Lehanneur (fr) (born 1974), drew inspiration from a composite of historic illustrations. He wanted to create "something spectacular" that paid homage to the Scientific Revolution and the French Enlightenment of the 17th and 18th centuries. The flame, the first in Olympic history not from fossil fuels, was an eco-friendly illumination emitting from 40 LED lights magnified by a cloud of aerosol produced by 200 high-pressure misting water jets. The cauldron was a 7-metre (23-foot) diameter ring of fire – a tribute to hope, progress, and the ambitions for a low-carbon Olympics, for all to see.

Historic artists depictions of the balloon

• Etienne Chevalier de Lorimier (1759–1813)

The Montgolfier brothers launched a large, unmanned paper balloon in the countryside near Annonay, France, in June 1783. Then they sent a wicker-basket cage of the animals up over Versailles in September 1783. A few months later, the first balloon rose over the rooftops of Paris. After these initial balloons went aloft, everyone “just went crazy,” Crouch said.

“People waited and waited for a millennia for flight to arrive,” Crouch said. “And suddenly, just overnight, there is the first little balloon on June 4, 1783, and then human beings are flying by the fall. People just become wildly excited.”

The show features dozens of wonderful pieces depicting the early efforts in the air. The oldest painting in the show, “Le Suffren” by Etienne Chevalier de Lorimier, illustrates a large balloon taking off from the city of Nantes in 1784. The oil painting dazzles in its opulent frame, highlighting the flight of the hydrogen balloon along with another treat for viewers.

“If you know what you’re looking at, and I hope we tell visitors enough so they can see all this, you can see the equipment for inflating the balloon in the painting,” Crouch pointed out. “It’s really lovely.”

In one fantastic print that shows the first free flight by humans made on Nov. 21, 1783, museumgoers should take a moment to read the writing on the piece. It notes that it’s an etching of the view of the Montgolfier balloon as it goes by none other than Benjamin Franklin’s terrace in Paris.

• Weinger, Mackenzie (May 8, 2017). "'Clouds in a Bag' Captures Excitement of First Hot Air Balloons". Washington Diplomat, The. Victor Shiblie, founder, publisher, editor-in-chief. ISSN 0508-0673; OCLC 62468759 (all editions).

Selected drawings

• Expérience faite à Ver saille en présence de leurs Majestés et de la famille royale, par M. Montgolfier, le 19. Sept. 1783. La machine aérostatique avait de haut sur 41 de diamètre [Experiment conducted at Versailles in the presence of Their Majesties and the royal family, by Mr. Montgolfier, on September 19, 1783. The aerostatic machine rises to a height of 41 meters in diameter].

Artists and engravers

Twenty-four-year-old Etienne Chevalier de Lorimier (1759–1813) designed all nine of the prints. The engravers were Francois Noël Sellier (1737–1782), Pierre-Gabriel Berthault (fr) (1737–1831) (1748– ca1918) , Nicolas de Launay (fr) (1739–1792).

LCCN 2005-684858

LCCN.

"Supplement".

• Planche 1: Robinet [Plate 1: Robinet]. Vol. 1.
• Planche 2: Description de la caisse à air inflammable [Plate 2: Case for Producing Inflammable Gas]. Vol. 1.

• Planche 3: Le gaz s'introduisant dans le tube, montait avec rapidité dans le globe ... [Plate 3: Filing the Balloon With Hydrogen Gas]. Vol. 1. Illustrated by Lawrens, a Swedish painter. Engraved (sculp.) by Pierre Gabriel Berthault (fr) (1737–1831).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
• Planche 4: Machine aérostatique [Plate 4: Aerostatic Machine]. Vol. 1. Illustrated by Etienne Chevalier de Lorimier (1759–1813). Engraved (sculp.) by Nicolas de Launay (fr) (1739–1792).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

• Planche 5: Expérience faite à Versaille, en présence de leurs Majestés et de la Famille Royale, par M. Montgolfier, le 19 Sept. 1783 [Plate 5: Experiment Carried Out at Versailles, in the Presence of Their Majesties and the Royal Family, by Mr. Montgolfier, on September 19, 1783] (La Machine Aérostatique avoit 57 Pieds de haut, sur 41 Diamètre. [The Aerostatic Machine Was 57 Feet High, by 41 Diameter.]). Vol. 1.

• Planche 6: Garde-meuble [Plate 6: Furniture Storage Drawings]. Vol. 1. Engraved (sculp.) by Louis Sellier (1757–ca. 1835).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
• Planche 7: Drawings [Plate 7: Drawings]. Vol. 1.

• Planche 8: Machine Aérostatique de 70 Pieds de hauteur sur 46 de Diamètre, qui s'est élevée à Paris, avec deux hommes à la hauteur de 324 Pieds le 19 Oct. 1783 [Plate 3: Aerostatic Machine 70 Feet High by 46 in Diameter, Which Rose in Paris, With Two Men to a Height of 324 Feet on October 19, 1783]. Vol. 1. LCCN 2002-721988.
• Planche 9: Batteau volant [Plate 9: Flying Boat]. Vol. 1.

Volume 2

• La Planche du Frontispice: Premier Voyage Aërien En présence de M. le Dauphin [Frontispiece Plate: First Air Journey in the Presence of Mr. Le Dauphin]. Vol. 2. Engraved (sculp.) by Nicolas de Launay (fr) (1739–1792).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) LCCN 2003-674133.

• Second voyage aérien [Second Air Journey]. Vol. 2. Illustrated by Etienne Chevalier de Lorimier (1759–1813). Engraved (sculp.) by Nicolas de Launay (fr) (1739–1792). pp. 30–31.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

• Planche 3: Troisième voyage aérien [Plate 3: Third Air Journey]. Vol. 2. pp. 66–67. – expérience faite à Lion le 19 Janvier 1784, sous le direction de Mr. Joseph Montgolfier ... / dessiné par le Cher. Lorimier ; gravé par N. De Launay. LCCN 2012-646015.
• Planche 4 [Plate 4]. Vol. 2. p. 232.
• Planche 5 [Plate 5]. Vol. 2. p. 236.

Engravers

• Pleé Sc.

Gallery

File:Early_flight_02562u.jpg

Voyages dans les airs [Travels in the Air]

Premier voyage aérien exécuté dans une  Montgolfier, Par Pilâtre de Rozier et d'Arlandes le, 21 Nov. 1783 [First Aerial Journey Made in a Montgolfier, by Pilâtre de Rozier and D'Arlandes on November 21, 1783]. Collection 476. 1re Sérre (No. 4) Romanet & Cie. Imp. Eqit. Paris. [Collection 476. 1st Series (No. 4) Romanet & Company. Paris Print Shop.] This was part of series of 10 collectible cards published between 1890 and 1900 by Romanet & Company. LCCN 2002-736265, LCCN 2002-717348.

Bibliography

References

ARK 42095973h

BnF [BnF entry BnF 42095973h

https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b55001648j

• "1783: A Duck, a Sheep, and a Rooster Achieve an Aviation "First" in the Skies Above France". Transportation History. Washington, D.C.: AASHTO (American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials.

• Pesce, Fernanda (July 31, 2024). "Nothing Could Go Wrong: The Story Behind the Paris Olympics Cauldron Balloon". AP.

• Katsikopoulou, Myrto (August 29, 2024). "Mathieu Lehanneur's Balloon-Shaped Cauldron Rises to Celebrate the Paralympics' Opening". Designboom.

• Saint-Fond, Barthélemy Faujas de (1741–1819) (1783–1784). Description des Expériences De La Machine Aérostatique de MM. de Montgolfier; Et De Celles Auxquelles Cette Découverte a Donné Lieu [Description of the Experiments with the Aerostatic Machine of Messrs. Montgolfier; and of Those to Which This Discovery Has Given Rise]. Paris: Cuchet.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) Retrieved August 26, 2024. LCCN 07-11233, OCLC 1912046 (all editions).

1. Vol 1. – via Internet Archive (Smithsonian Libraries).
2. Vol 1. – via Google Books (Austrian National Library).
3. Vol 2: Première Suite de la Description des Expériences Aérostatiques [First Continuation of the Description of Aerostatic Experiments] – via Google Books (Bavarian State Library).

Etienne Chevalier de Lorimier (1759–1813) is the artist in Saint-Fond's book.

• Vasavda, Mihir (July 28, 2024). "40 Led Lights, a Cloud of Water-Vapour for Illumination, 200 High-Pressure Misting Nozzles: How Flying Cauldron of Paris Olympics Is Lit Up". The Indian Express. Retrieved and Archived July 28, 2024. ISSN 0715-5832; OCLC 70274541 (all editions).

1. TIE Blog.
2. TIE Blog Archive.
3. WaybackMachine.

• Mills, Weymer Jay (1880–1938) (1903). "Prospect Hall – New Jersey". Historic Houses of New Jersey. With Numerous Photogravure Illustrations From Drawings by John Rae [1882–1963] & From Photographs and Rare Prints. Philadelphia and London: J.B. Lippincott Company. pp. 13–19.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) Retrieved August 26, 2024.

1. Via Internet Archive (NYPL).
2. Via Google Books (Library of Congress).

• Schermerhorn, Richard, Jr. (1877–1962) (1932). Chapter V: "Homes and Gardens of Old New York". History of the George Washington Bicentennial Celebration. Literature Series. Vol. 2 (of 3). United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission. p. 208.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) BnF 31624234s; LCCN 33-26189; OCLC 3409693 (all editions).

1. Via Internet Archive (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign).
2. Via Google Books (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign).

• The New-Jersey Journal, and Political Intelligencer. Elizabeth Town: Shepard Kollock, Jr. (1750 –1839), publisher. LCCN sn84-26555; OCLC 10493970 (all editions).

• Winfield, Charles Hardenburg (1829–1898) (1874). History of the County of Hudson, New Jersey: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time. New York: Kennard & Hay Stationery M'fg and Print. Company. p. 323.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) Retrieved August 26, 2024. LCCN 01-7785; OCLC 426912 (all editions), OCLC 459078913, 681333597.

1. Via Internet Archive (Library of Congress).
2. Via HathiTrust (Harvard).
3. Via Google Books (Harvard).

• Humphrey, Harry Baker (1873–1955) (1961). "André Michaux". Makers of North American Botany. New York: The Ronald Press Company. pp. 174–176. Retrieved August 26, 2024 – via Internet Archive.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) LCCN 61-18435; OCLC 14598432 (all editions).

• Chisholm, Hugh (1866–1924), ed. (1911). The Encyclopædia Britannica – A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information (29 vols.). Vol. 18: "Medal to Mumps" (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 361–362.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list (link) Retrieved August 25, 2024. OCLC 266598 (all editions).

1. Via Wikisource.
2. Via Internet Archive.

• Reveal, James Lauritz (1941–2015) (December 2004). "No Man is an Island: The Life and Times of André Michaux". Castanea. Occasional Papers in Eastern Botany: No. 2. The Proceedings of the André Michaux International Symposium. 69 (sp2). Southern Appalachian Botanical Society: 22–68. Retrieved August 25, 2024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) LCCN 2006-202269, LCCN: agr37000334, LCCN sf83-9017; ISSN 0008-7475 (journal; print); ISSN 1938-4386 (journal; web); OCLC 4630538684 (article).

1. JSTOR: 26797057.
2. doi: 10.2179/0008-7475(2004)sp2[22:NMIAIT]2.0.CO;2 – via BioOne.