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Routing In Fat Trees

Routing In Fat Trees (RIFT) is a routing protocol for large data center networks, comparable with IS-IS. Its main purpose is provide routing in Clos networks and fat trees.

^[1]

Template:APHD

Offset	Octet	0								1								2								3
Octet	Bit	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31

Augmented Packet Header Diagram (see: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-mcquistin-augmented-ascii-diagrams-12).

DHCP Discover

Ethernet frame
Offset	Octet	0								1								2								3
Octet	Bit	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
0	0	00:CE:83:24:BB:E4						FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF						0x8000
4	32	IPv4 packet, containing a UDP PDU with DHCP payload...
8	64
⋮	⋮

IP Header
Offset	Octet	0								1								2								3
Octet	Bit	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
0	0	IP header start
4	32	IP header start
8	64	TTL								Protocol (17 UDP)																Header Checksum

UDP Header

12	96	Source Address (0.0.0.0)
16	128	Source Address (255.255.255.255)
20	160	Source Port (68)	Destination Port (67)
24	192	Length	Checksum

DHCP Payload

28	224	OP (0x01)	HTYPE (0x01)	HLEN (0x06)	HOPS (0x00)
32	256	XID (0x3903F326)
36	288	SECS (0x0000)		FLAGS (0x0000)
40	320	CIADDR (Client IP address: 0x00000000)
44	352	YIADDR (Your IP address: 0x00000000)
48	384	SIADDR (Server IP address: 0x00000000)
52	416	GIADDR (Gateway IP address: 0x00000000)
56	448	CHADDR (Client Hardware address: 0x00053C04 0x8D590000 0x00000000 0x00000000)
60	480
64	512
68	544
72	576	192 octets of 0s, or overflow space for additional options; BOOTP legacy.
⋮	⋮
260	2080
264	2112	Magic Cookie (0x63825363)

DHCP Options (TLV)

292	2336	First option: 0x350101: Option 53 (DHCP Discover) 1 octet		Second option:↴
324	2592	↪0x3204c0a80164: Option 50 (Request IP address) 4 octets (containing 192.168.1.100)
356	2848	Third option: 0x370401030f06: Option: 55 (Parameter Request List) 4 octets↴
388	3104	↪PRL cont...	ff

Example DHCPDISCOVER message
Octet 0	Octet 1	Octet 2	Octet 3
Ethernet: source=sender's MAC; destination=FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
IP: source=0.0.0.0; destination=255.255.255.255 UDP: source port=68; destination port=67
OP	HTYPE	HLEN	HOPS
0x01	0x01	0x06	0x00
XID
0x3903F326
SECS		FLAGS
0x0000		0x0000
CIADDR (Client IP address)
0x00000000
YIADDR (Your IP address)
0x00000000
SIADDR (Server IP address)
0x00000000
GIADDR (Gateway IP address)
0x00000000
CHADDR (Client hardware address)
0x00053C04
0x8D590000
0x00000000
0x00000000
192 octets of 0s, or overflow space for additional options; BOOTP legacy.
Magic cookie
0x63825363
DHCP options
0x350101 53: 1 (DHCP Discover)
0x3204c0a80164 50: 192.168.1.100 requested
0x370401030f06 55 (Parameter Request List): 1 (Request Subnet Mask), 3 (Router), 15 (Domain Name), 6 (Domain Name Server)
0xff 255 (Endmark)

Headers

IPv6 Fixed header

IPv6 Fixed header format
Offset	Octet	0								1								2								3
Octet	Bit	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
0	0	Version				Traffic Class								Flow Label
4	32	Payload Length																Next Header								Hop Limit
8	64	Source Address
12	96
16	128
20	160
24	192	Destination Address
28	224
32	256
36	288

TCP IPv6 pseudo-header header

TCP IPv6 pseudo-header format
Offset	Octet	0								1								2								3
Octet	Bit	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
0	0	Source Address
4	32
8	64
12	96
16	128	Destination Address
20	160
24	192
28	224
32	256	TCP Length
36	288	Zeroes																								Next Header
40	320	Source Port																Destination Port
44	352	Sequence Number
48	384	Acknowledgment Number
52	416	Data Offset				Rsrvd			Flags									Window
56	448	Checksum																Urgent Pointer
44	352	[Options]
50	400	Data
54	432
⋮	⋮

TCP's header

TCP's header format
Offset	Octet	0								1								2								3
Octet	Bit	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
0	0	Source Port																Destination Port
4	32	Sequence Number
8	64	Acknowledgement Number (meaningful when ACK bit set)
12	96	Data Offset				Rsrvd				CWR	ECE	URG	ACK	PSH	RST	SYN	FIN	Window
16	128	Checksum																Urgent Pointer (meaningful when URG bit set)
20	160	[Options]
⋮	⋮
56	448

Template:Ref RFC

User:Dandorid/sandbox/Ref RFCRFC REFERENCE NOT FOUND. Please check the RFC number. RFC REFERENCE NOT FOUND. Please check the RFC number.'RFC REFERENCE NOT FOUND. Please check the RFC number. ^[2]

IPv6 Routing

IPv6 networks in the Internet Routing Table are predominantly of size /48. The largest blocks are of size /29.

Internet Exchange Prefix

2001:7f8::/32 AMS-IX uses 2001:7f8:1::/64 [1]
2001:504::/30
- 2001:504::/32
- 2001:505::/32
- 2001:506::/32
- 2001:507::/32
2001:7fa::/32

[2]

IPaddr

1.2.3.4/255.255.255.254^[3]

X/255.255.255.254.

fdda:755c:1959:db87::/64

0.0.0.0/255.255.255.255

abc (192.0.2.213).

5

{{trim|{{#section:User:Dandorid/sandbox|IPv4-special-address-blocks}}}}

jhjhhj 00-33-87-BD-31-F2 lskdfj 00-33-87-BD-31-F2

A bc :dlk sdlkfj eiii.

A bc : dlk sdlkfj eiii.

ladkjf : blkjd.

A bc : dlk sdlkfj eiii.

^ Internet Protocol Journal, vol. 24, July 2021
^ Y. Rekhter; B. Moskowitz; D. Karrenberg; G. J. de Groot; E. Lear (February 1996). Address Allocation for Private Internets. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC1918. BCP 5. RFC 1918. Best Current Practice 5. Obsoletes RFC 1627 and 1597. Updated by RFC 6761.
^ XXX

[ipj24-2-1] Internet Protocol Journal, vol. 24, July 2021

[rfc1918-2] Y. Rekhter; B. Moskowitz; D. Karrenberg; G. J. de Groot; E. Lear (February 1996). Address Allocation for Private Internets. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC1918. BCP 5. RFC 1918. Best Current Practice 5. Obsoletes RFC 1627 and 1597. Updated by RFC 6761.

[test-3] XXX

[1]

[2]

[3]