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In May 2012, SpaceX completed its final demonstration mission.

Commercial Resupply Services are contracts signed by NASA for the delivery of cargo to the International Space Station (ISS) by American commercial firms.[1] The contracts include a minimum of 12 missions for SpaceX and 8 missions for Orbital Sciences.[2]

The Dragon cargo capsule is launched by the Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Cape Canaveral, Florida.[3] The Cygnus cargo carrier will be launched by the Antares (aka Taurus II) rocket from Launch Pad 0B at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport (MARS), Wallops Island, Virginia.[4]


History

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The selection of the firms resupplying the space station was publicly discussed by NASA on December 22, 2008.[1]

NASA announced the awarding of contracts to both SpaceX and Orbital Sciences Corporation in a press conference on December 23, 2008.[5] PlanetSpace submitted a protest to the Government Accountability Office after receiving a NASA debriefing on the outcome of the award.[6] On April 22, 2009 GAO publicly released its decision to deny the protest.[7]

SpaceX launched their first Falcon 9 rocket and a mock-up Dragon capsule successfully on June 4, 2010. Their first flight contracted by NASA, COTS Demo Flight 1, took place on 8 December 2010, demonstrating the Dragon capsule's multiple orbit capability, ability to receive and respond to ground commands, and ability to gain and maintain directional alignment with NASA's TDRSS narrow-band satellite communication system which is used in conjunction with all manned spaceflight to the International Space Station. On 15 August 2011 SpaceX announced NASA had combined the mission objectives of the COTS Demo Flight 2 and 3 missions into a single mission, with the COTS 3 validation tests beginning only if all of the COTS 2 objectives were successfully demonstrated first.[8][9]

The COTS Demo Flight 2+ mission successfully launched on 22 May 2012, delivered cargo to the ISS and on 31 May, landed in the Pacific and was recovered.[10] On August 23, 2012, NASA announced that SpaceX had successfully completed its COTS Space Act Agreement and NASA certified SpaceX to begin their CRS contracted spaceflights.[11]

The launch vehicles and cargo carriers were developed using Space Act Agreements under NASA's Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program.[12]

Providers

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SpaceX

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The first CRS mission, SpaceX CRS-1, was scheduled for October 8, 2012 at 00:35 UTC from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 40 in Florida. It is the first of 12 planned resupply mission.[13][3]CRS-1 successfully took off on Monday October 8, 2012 at 03:03:52 AM GMT, achieved orbit and is now berthed to the ISS.[14]

Missions

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List includes only currently manifested missions. All SpaceX CRS missions are currently scheduled to launch from Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 40. Launch dates are listed in UTC.

Mission name Launch date (UTC) Rocket Remarks Outcome
SpX-D1 (COTS 1) 8 December 2010[15] Falcon 9 v1.0 First Dragon mission, second Falcon 9 launch Success[16]
SpX-D2+ (COTS 2) 22 May 2012[17] Falcon 9 v1.0 First Dragon mission with complete spacecraft, first rendezvous mission, first berthing with ISS Success[18]
SpX CRS-1 8 October 2012[19][20][21] Falcon 9 v1.0 First Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) mission for NASA, first non-demo mission. Falcon 9 rocket suffered a partial engine failure during launch but was able to deliver Dragon into orbit[22] Operational[23]
SpX CRS-2 January 2013[24][25] Falcon 9 v1.0
SpX CRS-3 2013[26] Falcon 9 v1.1
SpX CRS-4 2013[26] Falcon 9 v1.1
SpX CRS-5 2014[26] Falcon 9 v1.1
SpX CRS-6 TBA Falcon 9 v1.1 Hardware scheduled to arrive at launch site in 2014[27]
SpX CRS-7 TBA Falcon 9 v1.1 Hardware scheduled to arrive at launch site in 2014[27]
SpX CRS-8 TBA Falcon 9 v1.1 Hardware scheduled to arrive at launch site in 2015[27]
SpX CRS-9 TBA Falcon 9 v1.1 Hardware scheduled to arrive at launch site in 2015[27]
SpX CRS-10 TBA Falcon 9 v1.1 Hardware scheduled to arrive at launch site in 2015[27]
SpX CRS-11 TBA Falcon 9 v1.1 Hardware scheduled to arrive at launch site in 2015[27]
SpX CRS-12 TBA Falcon 9 v1.1 Hardware scheduled to arrive at launch site in 2015[27]


Orbital Sciences

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Drawing of the Standard (left) and Enhanced (right) Cygnus

Orbital Sciences rolled out their Antares rocket to the launchpad at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport in October 2012 in preparation for an on-pad hot-fire test of the rocket at the beginning of November 2012. The rocket will be launched about a month after a successful hot-fire with a test payload. The Orbital Sciences' demo mission to the ISS is scheduled for 2013.[4][28]

Missions

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List includes only currently manifested missions. All Orbital Sciences CRS missions are currently planned to be launched from Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport Launch Pad 0A.

Mission name Launch date Cygnus type Rocket Remarks
Orbital Sciences COTS Demo Flight[citation needed] 1Q 2013[29] Standard[30] Antares 110[30] First Cygnus mission, first mission to rendezvous with ISS, first mission to berth with ISS, second Antares mission
Orb CRS-1[citation needed] Early 2013[4] Standard[30] Antares 120[30] First Cygnus Cargo Resupply Mission (CRS), first Antares launch to use the Castor 30B upperstage[30]
Orb CRS-2 2013[30][31] Standard[30] Antares 120[30]
Orb CRS-3 2013[30] Standard[30] Antares 130[30] First Antares launch to use Castor 30XL upperstage[30]
Orb CRS-4 2014[30][31] Enhanced[30] Antares 130[30] First Enhanced Cygnus mission[30]
Orb CRS-5 Enhanced[30] Antares 130[30]
Orb CRS-6 2015[31] Enhanced[30] Antares 130[30]
Orb CRS-7 Enhanced[30] Antares 130[30]
Orb CRS-8 2016[31] Enhanced[30] Antares 130[30]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "NASA to Announce Space Station Resupply Services Contract". NASA HQ. 2008-12-22.
  2. ^ Morring, Jr., Frank. "Space Station Resupply Contracts Awarded". Aviation Week, December 24, 2008.
  3. ^ a b "SpaceX, NASA Target Oct. 7 Launch For Resupply Mission To Space Station". NASA. 20 September 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2012.
  4. ^ a b c "Antares home page". Orbital Sciences. October 2012. Retrieved 13 Oct 2012. Cite error: The named reference "Antareshome" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  5. ^ "NASA Awards Space Station Commercial Resupply Services Contracts". NASA, December 23, 2008.
  6. ^ Chris Bergin (January 15, 2009). "Planetspace officially protest NASA's CRS selection".
  7. ^ "B-401016; B-401016.2, PlanetSpace, Inc., April 22, 2009". GAO. April 22, 2009.
  8. ^ "SpaceX 2011 Update Page". SpaceX. 15 Dec 2011. Retrieved 3 December 2011.
  9. ^ "SpaceX plans November test flight to space station". AFP. 15 August 2011. Retrieved 3 December 2011.
  10. ^ Clark, Stephen (2 June 2012). "NASA expects quick start to SpaceX cargo contract". SpaceFlightNow. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  11. ^ "NASA Administrator Announces New Commercial Crew And Cargo Milestones". NASA. 23 August 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
  12. ^ "NASA Commercial Orbital Transportation Services". NASA. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
  13. ^ "Worldwide Launch Schedule". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2012-05-28.
  14. ^ "NASA Celebrates Milestone Liftoff". NASA. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  15. ^ "SpaceX Launches Success with Falcon 9/Dragon Flight". NASA. 9 December 2010. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference FirstFlight2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ "SpaceX Launches Private Capsule on Historic Trip to Space Station". Space.com. 22 May 2012.
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference Accomplished was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ "Falcon 9 undergoes pad rehearsal for October launch". Spaceflight Now. 31 August 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  20. ^ "Worldwide Launch Schedule". Spaceflight Now. 7 September 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  21. ^ "Private Spacecraft to Launch Space Station Cargo On Oct. 7". LiveScience. 25 September 2012.
  22. ^ "Falcon 9 Drops Orbcomm Satellite in Wrong Orbit". Aviation Week. 8 October 2012. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  23. ^ Cite error: The named reference InOrbitOctober2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ "International Space Station Program Status" (PDF). NASA. 23 July 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  25. ^ Lindsey, Clark (11 September 2012). "Launch vehicles panel at AIAA Space 2012". New Space Watch. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  26. ^ a b c Lueder, Kathryn (16 February 2012). "ISS Commercial Resupply Services". NASA. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
  27. ^ a b c d e f g "SpaceX Launch Manifest". SpaceX. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  28. ^ "Antares press release". Orbital Sciences. October 2012. Retrieved 13 Oct 2012.
  29. ^ "Worldwide launch schedule". spaceflightnow.com. Retrieved 2012-10-159. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  30. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Cite error: The named reference Chris was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  31. ^ a b c d "Cygnus Missions". Orbital Sciences. Retrieved 26 June 2012.

Category:Private spaceflight Category:Spacecraft

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