User:CTWarboss/sandbox

Cuban War
	Part of the Cold War in America
	Clockwise from top left: Commonwealth Lincoln helicopters inserting CLF ARVN troops, 1955; Fidel Castro and his men in the Sierra Maestra, 1956; Commonwealth Marines using a flamethrower, 1956; Commonwealth Navy A-4 Tempest on a bombing run, 1956;
Date	1 May 1955 – 30 June 1956; (1 year, 1 month and 29 days)
Location	Cuba; Yucatan Peninsula;
Result	Commonwealth victory; Cuba gains independence under the leadership of Fidel Castro; Columbian insurgency begins (1956-1977);
Territorial; changes	Yucatan Peninsula given to Mexico
Belligerents
American Commonwealth; Cuban Liberation Front; Supported by:'; United Kingdom;	United Republic of Cuba and Yucatan; Supported by:; French State;
Commanders and leaders
Adlai Stevenson II; Arthur W. Radford; Maxwell D. Taylor; Fidel Castro;	Richard Russell Jr.; George S. Patton;
Strength
≈232,000(1956) American Commonwealth:; 112,000; Cuban Liberation Front:; ~120,000 (estimated, 1956);	≈187,000 (1968)
Casualties and losses
Cuban Liberation Front; 18,293 military dead, 28,672 wounded; American Commonwealth: 3,783 military dead, 14,943 wounded; Total military dead/missing:; ≈22,576; Total military wounded:; ≈43,615	United Republic of Cuba and the Yucatan; 26,142 military dead, 43,924 wounded, 11,426 captured; French State: 327 military dead;
	Cuban civilian dead: 42,000-56,000; Cuban total dead: 100,435; For more information see Cuban War casualties and Aircraft losses of the Cuban War;

Malayan Revolution; Revolusi Malaya; 馬來亞革命; மலாயா புரட்சி
	Part of the Asian Revolutions and Cold War in Asia
	Clockwise from top left: Australian Avro Lincoln bomber dropping 500lb bombs; Communist leader Lee Meng in 1952; RAF staff loads bombs to be used against communist rebels; King's African Rifles search abandoned hut; Civilians forcibly evicted from their land by the British as part of the Briggs' Plan;
Date	16 June 1950 – 31 May 1956; (5 years, 11 months, 2 weeks and 1 day)
Location	British Malaya
Result	MCP victory Independence of Socialist Republic of Malaysia from the United Kingdom on 12 June 1956; Singapore remains under British control; Anti-communist insurgency begins(1968–1989);
Belligerents
British Commonwealth forces:; United Kingdom Federation of Malaya; Singapore; American Commonwealth; (from 1951); United Dominions; Dominion of East Africa; Fiji; Australia;	Communist forces:; Malayan Communist Party Malayan National Liberation Army; Supported by:; Socialist Republic of Japan; (1950-1955)
Commanders and leaders
United Kingdom Clement Attlee; Harold Briggs; Roy Urquhart; Edward Gent; Henry Gurney †; Gerald Templer; William Goode; Malaya Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan; Tunku Abdul Rahman; Tun Razak; Tun Ismail; H. S. Lee; Singapore David Marshall; Lim Yew Hock; Yusof Ishak; Lee Kuan Yew; Australia Robert Menzies; Henry Wells; Commonwealth of America Mark Clark; (1951–1954); Matthew Ridgway; (1954–1956);	Malayan Communist Party Chin Peng; Yeung Kwo †; Lee An Tong; Chang Ling-Yun; Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA) Abdullah CD; Rashid Maidin; Shamsiah Fakeh; S. A. Ganapathy ; Lau Yew †; Mat Indera ; Lee Meng; Toh Kar Lim; Liew Kon Kim;
Strength
Over 398,000 troops 250,000 Malayan Home Guard (Malayan Regiment) troops; 86,000 regular Commonwealth personnel; King's African Rifles; American Legion; 4th Commonwealth Army; 37,000 Special Constables; 24,000 Federation Police; Unknown number of Orang Asli allies.; Over 1,000 Iban (Dayak) headhunters;	Over 340,000 troops + 300,000 MNLA full-time troops (1951); + Estimated 1,000,000 sympathisers; + 37,000 guerrilla forces; + 3,000 Japanese advisors; (1951-1955); Unknown number of Orang Asli allies; Unknown number of Min Yuen civilian supporters;
Casualties and losses
15,443 killed; 31,682 killed; 32,406 wounded; 1,397 killed; 9,297 killed	46,710 killed; 2,478 executed; 58,289 wounded
	Civilians killed: 58,284; Civilians missing: 3,810; Civilian casualties: 52,000+; Total killed: 61,107

1947 United Kingdom general election
← outgoing members elected members →
All 730 seats in the House of Commons; 365 seats needed for a majority
	Opinion polls
Turnout	74.3% (1.5 pp)
	Colours denote the winning party
	Composition of the House of Commons after the election
Prime Minister before election; Winston Churchill; National	Prime Minister after election ; Clement Attlee; Labour

No Thatcher

List of prime ministers of Great Britain or the United Kingdom
Portrait	Prime minister Office (Lifespan)	Term of office			Mandate^[a]	Ministerial offices held as prime minister	Party	Government	Monarch Reign
Portrait	Prime minister Office (Lifespan)	Start	End	Duration	Mandate^[a]	Ministerial offices held as prime minister	Party	Government	Monarch Reign
	Harold Wilson ^[1] MP for Huyton (1916–1995)	16 October 1964	6 April 1976	11 years, 173 days	1964	First Lord of the Treasury Minister for the Civil Service (1968–1976)	Labour	Wilson I	Elizabeth II r. 1952–2022
					1966			Wilson II
					1970			Wilson III
					1974			Wilson-Thorpe (Lab–Lib)
	Roy Jenkins ^[2] MP for Birmingham Stechford (1920–2003)	6 April 1976	8 October 1979	3 years, 183 days	—	First Lord of the Treasury Minister for the Civil Service	Labour	Jenkins-Steel (Lab–Lib)
	Geoffrey Howe ^[3] MP for East Surrey (1926–2015) Premiership	8 October 1979	28 June 1989	9 years, 264 days	1979	First Lord of the Treasury Minister for the Civil Service	Conservative	Howe I
					1983			Howe II
					1987			Howe III

Pierced Wings

1947 United Kingdom general election

The 1947 United Kingdom general election was a national election held on Thursday 14 August 1947. The governing National Party sought to maintain its position in Parliament, but faced large questions about their ability to govern due to their leadership during the Second Great War, as well as party fatigue due to being in government since the 1930 general election. Prime Minister Winston Churchill proposed to call for an election less than two months after Victory in America Day.

The election campaign was focused on who would steer the British Empire through the post-war period, with the split of Europe between the French State and Soviet Union and beginning of the Cold War. Churchill and the Nationals sought to use his popularity due to the Square Deal he had introduced pre-war, as well as the Empire's victory over the Columbian Republic in America. However, Churchill faced questions over his government's conduct on the European Front, which saw the Grand Alliance soundly defeated and Germany split between the French State and Prussia. Clement Attlee, leader of the Labour Party, had served as Deputy Prime Minister during the wartime coalition and was seen as a more competent leader by voters due to his successful management of the domestic economy during the war. When the election was called, opinion polls had Labour firmly in first place, but Churchill's popularity remaining high.

The final result of the election showed Labour to have won a landslide victory, making a net gain of 275 seats, winning 43.3% of the popular vote and a majority of 101 seats, making Attlee the first Labour Prime Minister. This election marked the first time Labour had won a general election, and enabled Attlee to begin implementing Labour's post-war reforms in the country. For the Nationals, Attlee's landslide was a shock, as polls indicated the result would be closer. The Nationals suffered a net loss of 228 seats, almost half of those they had won in 1935, and also only won 35.7% of the vote, a decrease of 13.2 percentage points. For the Reconstituted Tory Party, the election continued their fall into irrelevancy, losing 38 seats. This was mainly due to vote splitting from the Unionist Party, a party which had split from the RTP during the war. Over 300 new MPs were elected, marking a record turnover.

The 11.1% swing from the Nationals to an opposition party remains the second-largest since the Acts of Union 1800, beaten only by the 12.2% swing in the 1930 general election. Additionally, this was the first election in which the Nationals did not win a plurality of the popular vote since the removal of the "guaranteed majority" rule in 1930. Following the election, Churchill resigned as National Party leader, being replaced by Ernest Brown.

^ Cite error: The named reference Mandate was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Represented Limehouse until the election.
^ Conservatives, Unionists and UUP 197 seats, 36.2%; Liberal Nationals 11 seats, 2.9% (merged with Conservatives in 1947).

^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 333; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 313–320.
^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 350; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 331–333; UK Parliament 2005b.
^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 358; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 340–347; UK Parliament 2013.

Early PW Cold War conflicts

^ Cite error: The named reference start date was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

German Resistance

Part of Resistance to French occupation and the Cold War in Europe

French milice and resisters, July 1974

Date

9 June 1947 – 3 March 1986
(38 years, 8 months and 22 days)

Location

Occupied Germany

Result

Resistance victory

Liberation of Germany

French withdrawal from Germany

Belligerents

- French State(1947-1982)
- German Confederation

- Resistance groups
- (formalised as German Home Army after June 1952)
- United Kingdom(from 1982)
- Supported by:
- United Kingdom(1947-1982)
- American Commonwealth

Units involved

Strength

≈3,122,000(1982)

French State:
2,084,000
German Confederation:
~1,038,000

≈4,037,000(1982)

German Home Army:
~3,661,000 (estimated, 1982)
Commonwealth:
376,000

Casualties and losses

German Confederation
276,000 military dead
French State: 89,000 military dead

Total military dead/missing:
≈365,000

German Home Army
~300,000 military dead
Commonwealth: 13,783 military dead

Total military dead/missing:
≈314,000

German civilian dead: ~500,000
German total dead: ~1,076,000
For more information see German casualties during the French occupation

Leader infoboxes

Jacques Doriot
Doriot in 1941

1st Consul of the French State
In office 26 October 1931 – 5 April 1982
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Jean-François Galvaire

Personal details
Born	(1898-09-26)26 September 1898 Bresles, Oise, France
Died	5 April 1982(1982-04-05) (aged 83) Paris, France
Resting place	Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis
Political party	Romanist Party of France (1923–)
Occupation	Politician
Civilian awards	Full list
Military service
Branch/service	French Army
Years of service	1916–1917
Rank	Corporal
Unit	16th Revolutionary Guards
Battles/wars	First Great War
Military awards	Full list

[Mandate-1] Cite error: The named reference Mandate was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[5] Represented Limehouse until the election.

[6] Conservatives, Unionists and UUP 197 seats, 36.2%; Liberal Nationals 11 seats, 2.9% (merged with Conservatives in 1947).

[FOOTNOTEEccleshallWalker2002333EnglefieldSeatonWhite1995313–320-2] Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 333; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 313–320.

[FOOTNOTEEccleshallWalker2002350EnglefieldSeatonWhite1995331–333UK_Parliament2005b-3] Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 350; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 331–333; UK Parliament 2005b.

[FOOTNOTEEccleshallWalker2002358EnglefieldSeatonWhite1995340–347UK_Parliament2013-4] Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 358; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 340–347; UK Parliament 2013.

[start_date-7] Cite error: The named reference start date was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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