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Domestic animals

[edit]
Species and subspecies Wild ancestor Date Location of origin
Dog (Canis familiaris)[1] Extinct Pleistocene population of Gray wolf (Canis lupus)[2] 13000 BCE[3][4] Europe[4] Pets, hunting, herding, guarding, pest control, transportation, draft, working, show, racing, sport, meat, rescuing, guiding, fighting, service, research, policing, narcotics detection, patrol, f Tame (with exceptions),[5] significant physical changes, probably significant behavioral changes Domestic and feral dogs both very common,[5] ancestor or nearest wild relative less common but not rare 1c Carnivora
Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) Bezoar ibex (Capra aegagrus aegagrus) 10000 BCE[6][7][8] Iran milk, meat, fibre, skin, show, racing, fighting, clearing land, pets, horns, guarding, weed control Slight physical changes Common in captivity, threatened in wild, feral goats common 1b Bovidae
Domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) Anatolian boar (Sus scrofa libycus),[9] Northern Chinese boar (Sus scrofa moupinensis)[10] 9000 BCE[11][12][13][14] Western Asia, China meat, leather, research, show, racing, fighting, truffles, pets, tusks, guarding, manure, weed control Some physical changes Common in the wild. Much more common in captivity. Feral animals common in some areas. 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Sheep (Ovis aries)[1] Unknown ancestor,[15] possibly Armenian mouflon (Ovis orientalis gmelini) 9000 BCE to 8500 BCE[16] Anatolia, Zagros mountains fibre, meat, milk, leather, pelt, vellum, pets, show, racing, research, guarding, fighting, ornamental, horns, lawn mowing, weed control Some physical changes Common in captivity, threatened in the wild 1b Bovidae
Cattle (Bos taurus)[1] Eurasian aurochs (Bos primigenius)† 8000 BCE[17][18] Western Asia meat, milk, leather, hides, working, plowing, draft, vellum, blood, transportation, soil fertilization, fighting, show, racing, pets, horns, guarding, dung, mount, fibre, weed control Some physical changes Very common in captivity, wild relatives extinct, feral cattle fairly common 1b Bovidae
Zebu (Bos taurus indicus)[1] Indian aurochs (Bos primigenius namadicus)† 8000 BCE India meat, milk, leather, hides, working, plowing, draft, vellum, blood, transportation, soil fertilization, fighting, show, racing, pets, horns, dung, mount Considerable physical changes Wild relatives extinct, common in captivity 1b Bovidae
Cat (Felis catus)[1] African wildcat (Felis lybica)[19] 8000–7500 BCE[19] Near East pets, pest control, show, pelt, research Tame, some physical changes Very abundant in captivity, true wildcats less abundant though not rare. Feral populations very common. 1c Carnivora
Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Red junglefowl (Gallus gallus murghi) with some contribution from the Grey junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii) 6000 BCE[20] India and Southeast Asia meat, eggs, feathers, leather, show, racing, ornamental, fighting, pest control, pets, guarding, manure, weed control Some physical changes, considerable reproductive changes Very common in captivity and the wild 2b Galliformes
Domestic guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) Montane guinea pig (Cavia tschudii) 5000 BCE[21] Peru pets, show, racing, research, meat, lawn mowing, weed control Tame, slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity and the wild 1d Rodentia
Donkey (Equus africanus asinus) Nubian wild ass (Equus africanus africanus), Somali wild ass (Equus africanus somaliensis)[22] 5000 BCE[23][24] Egypt transportation, working, plowing, draft, mount, meat, milk, pets, racing, guarding, lawn mowing, patrol, manure, weed control Slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity and as feral animals, wild animals critically endangered, 1e Other mammals
Domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) 4000 BCE China meat, feathers, eggs, pets, show, racing, ornamental, guarding, pest control, weed control Considerable physical changes Common in captivity, but more abundant in the wild 2a Anseriformes
Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)[1] Wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) 4000 BCE India, China, Philippines working, plowing, draft, mount, fighting, meat, show, racing, milk, pets, horns, patrol, dung Mainly unchanged from wild animal Common in captivity, endangered in the wild 1b Bovidae
Western honey bee (Apis mellifera), including subspecies Italian bee (A. mellifera ligustica), European dark bee (A. mellifera mellifera), Carniolan honey bee (A. mellifera carnica) and Caucasian honey bee (A. mellifera caucasia), Greek bee (A. mellifera cecropia) Western honey bee (Apis mellifera), Italian bee (A. mellifera ligustica), European dark bee (A. mellifera mellifera), Carniolan honey bee (A. mellifera carnica) and Caucasian honey bee (A. mellifera caucasia), Greek bee (A. mellifera cecropia) 4000 BCE (1880s for A.m. ligustica, modern for A.m. mellifera, uncertain for A.m. carnica, A.m. caucasia and A.m. cecropia) Europe, Asia and Africa honey, wax, pollination, pollen, brood, royal jelly, propolis Some physical and behavioral changes. Domestication status is a point of contention. See Western honey bee for details. Very common in captivity, feral populations common, wild status unclear[25] 6a Hymenoptera
Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) Thomas' camel (Camelus thomasi)†[26] 4000 BCE Arabia transportation, working, hunting, plowing, draft, mount, show, racing, fighting, milk, meat, pets, patrol, hair, weed control Tame, few physical changes Moderately common in captivity, small feral population in original range, significant feral population in Australia, true wild dromedaries may be extinct 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Horse (Equus ferus caballus) Extinct unknown population of Wild horse possibly Tarpan (Equss ferus ferus) [27] 3500 BCE[28] Kazakhstan transportation, milk, meat, working, guiding, servicing, herding, hunting, execution, plowing, draft, mount, patrol fighting, show, racing, pets, hair, manure Tame, some physical changes, mainly in coloration Common in captivity, very rare in wild, feral populations common 1e Other mammals
Domestic silkmoth (Bombyx mandarina mori) Wild silkmoth (Bombyx mandarina) 3000 BCE China silk, animal feed, pets, meat Tame/held captive, some physical changes Fairly common in captivity, wild extent unclear 6b Other insects
Domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) Rock dove (Columba livia) 3000 BCE Mediterranean Basin show, ornamental, messenger, meat, racing, pets Artificially selected into many varieties, including meat breeds, racing/messenger breeds, and fancy plumage breeds Relatively common in captivity, very common in the wild, feral pigeons extremely abundant 2c Columbiformes
Domestic goose (Anser anser domesticus and Anser cygnoides domesticus) Greylag goose (Anser anser) and Swan goose (A. cygnoides) 3000 BCE for A. anser, date uncertain for A. cygnoides.[29] Egypt (A. anser), China (A. cygnoides) meat, feathers, eggs, show, guarding, pest control, pets, weed control Considerable physical changes Common in captivity and the wild 2a Anseriformes
Yak (Bos grunniens)[1] Wild yak (Bos mutus) 2500 BCE Tibet, Nepal milk, transportation, working, plowing, mount, racing, fighting, meat, fibre, guarding, pets, horns, patrol, dung Tame, slight physical changes Fairly common in captivity; threatened in the wild. 1b Bovidae
Domestic Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) Wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus) 2500 BCE Central Asia (Afghanistan) milk, transportation, working, hunting, plowing, draft, mount, fighting, show, racing, meat, hair, pets Tame, few physical changes Moderately common in captivity, critically endangered in the wild 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Llama (Lama glama)[1] Guanaco (Lama guanicoe cacsilensis)[30] 2400 BCE[31] Peru, Bolivia transportation, working, draft, pack, meat, show, racing, pets, guarding, weed control, fibre Slight physical changes Fairly common in captivity and the wild 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Alpaca (Vicugna pacos)[1] Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna mensalis)[30] 2400 BCE[31] Peru, Bolivia fibre, meat, show, pets, guarding, milk, lawn mowing, weed control Considerable physical changes Fairly common in captivity and the wild 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Domestic guineafowl (Numida meleagris) West African guineafowl (Numida meleagris galeatus) 2400 BCE[32] Africa meat, eggs, pest control, show, alarming, pets, guarding, manure Mainly unaltered from wild population Somewhat common in captivity and in the wild 2b Galliformes
Fuegian dog (Lycalopex culpaeus)† Culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus) Date uncertain[33] Chile hunting, pets, warmth, guarding Tame, slight physical changes Extinct in captivity 1c Carnivora
Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) European polecat (Mustela putorius) 1500 BCE[34] Europe pets, hunting, pest control, show, racing Tame, slight physical changes Common in captivity, somewhat common in the wild. Feral ferrets rare 1c Carnivora
Domestic muscovy duck (Cairina moschata domestica) Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) 700–600 BCE[31] South America meat, feathers, eggs, show, pets, guarding, pest control Tame, some physical changes Common in captivity, feral populations are rare 2a Anseriformes
Barbary dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea risoria) African collared dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea) 500 BCE North Africa show, pets, meat Slight physical changes Common in captivity and feral populations 2c Columbiformes
Bali cattle (Bos javanicus domesticus) Javan banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus) Date uncertain Southeast Asia, Bali meat, milk, show, racing, working, plowing, draft, horns Slight physical changes Common in captivity, endangered in the wild 1b Bovidae
Gayal (Bos frontalis)[1] Gaur (Bos gaurus) Date uncertain Southeast Asia, Northeast India meat, milk, horns Slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity, threatened in the wild 1b Bovidae
Domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo domesticus) South Mexican wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo) 180 CE[31] Mexico meat, feathers, eggs, show, pets, pest control, guarding, manure Considerable physical changes Common in captivity and wild 2b Galliformes
Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Wild goldfish (Carassius auratus)[35] 300 CE to 400 CE China pets, show, racing, ornamental, pest control Tame/held captive, significant physical changes Very common and abundant in captivity, wild extent is unclear 5a Cyprinidae
Domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Iberian rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus)[36] 600 CE[37] Europe pelt, fibre, pets, show, racing, research, meat, lawn mowing, weed control Tame, significant physical changes Common in captivity, rare in native habitat, common in introduced range 1e Other mammals
Koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) Amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) 11th Century CE Japan ornamental, show, pets Tame/held captive, considerable physical changes Fairly common in captivity, threatened in the wild 5a Cyprinidae
Domestic canary (Serinus canaria domestica) Atlantic canary (Serinus canaria) 15th century CE Canary Islands, Europe pets, research, show, mining, fighting Slight physical changes Common in captivity and wild 2d Passeriformes
Society finch (Lonchura striata domestica) White-rumped munia (Lonchura striata) unknown, may have been introduced to Japan sometime around the early 18th century CE[38] Japan pets, research Slight physical changes Fairly common in captivity; does not exist in the wild 2d Passeriformes
Fancy mouse and laboratory mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) House mouse (Mus musculus) 1100 BCE (China), then 17th century CE (Europe)[39] China pets, research, racing, animal feed Tame, significant physical changes Common in captivity and in the wild 1d Rodentia
Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) Uncertain species of the genus Betta 19th century CE Thailand fighting, pets Tame/held captive, very significant physical and slight behavioral changes 5b Other fish
Fancy rat and laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) 19th century CE[40] United Kingdom pets, research, show Tame, some physical and psychological changes Common in captivity and in the wild 1d Rodentia
Domestic mink (Neovison vison domesticus) [41] American mink (Neovison vison) 19th century CE North America fur, hunting, pest control, pets
Some physical and psychological changes Somewhat common in captivity and in the wild 1c Carnivora
Domesticated red fox (Vulpes vulpes) Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) 1950s CE Soviet Union, Russia pelt, research, pets Tame, some physical changes Very small domestic population, wild relatives fairly common 1c Carnivora
Domestic hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris domestica) Four-toed hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) 1980s CE Central and Eastern Africa pets Slight physical changes Common in the wild. Somewhat rare in captivity 1e Other mammals
Guppy (Poecilia reticulata some strains)[42] Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) Date uncertain Barbados, Brazil, Guyana pets Tame/held in captivity, significant physical changes Common in captivity 5b Other fish
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