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User:A goon fr/Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations

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Need for the Program

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In the United States from 2000-2010, twenty-five percent of indigenous folk reported that they consistently face food insecurity.[1] Additionally, American Indians and Alaskan Natives are the demographic groups that ranked highest in the categories of being “food insecure” and “very low food secure” in the nation from 2016 to 2021.[2] Food security is the concept of being able to consistently afford and access food to sustain a healthy diet, and one in four Native Americans report the opposite.[1][3] Food insecurity is one of the results that living in more rural areas can cause to indigenous folk. Living in rural areas that are far away from direct lines of food causes markets in the areas to have disproportionately higher food prices to match the extra effort needed to restock the markets, and paired with how indigenous people usually lack personal transportation, make food security more difficult to achieve.[4] Indigenous communities living in harder to supply and less developed areas also discourages supermarket companies from opening up stores in these areas and sustaining them. This is an example of supermarket redlining, causing areas that lack accessibility to supermarkets to be correlated with low-income neighborhoods, including indigenous communities and reservations. This leads to only a select few market stores being available for indigenous folk to get their groceries from, causing higher inaccessibility of food. These factors combined create food deserts, defined as areas that have limited access to a variety of healthy, affordable foods.[5]

Many reservation officials reported that for many of their American Indian residents, FDPIR was their primary source of food due to inaccessibility to food markets and also their low incomes making it difficult to budget for nutritional foods.[6][7] The program has been a valuable alternative to the SNAP program as many indigenous families can not regularly access SNAP offices or grocery stores that accept SNAP benefits.[7] FDPIR was able to provide American Indians consistent access to foods that helped create more well rounded diets, addressing many food insecurity concerns of indigenous households, emphasizing the need for the program’s continuation.[6][8]

Evaluation

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According to the USDA's evaluation of the FDPIR, half of local FDPIR programs serve fewer than 250 households per month. The average administrative costs per household ranged from $614 (small programs) to $287 among large programs. Federal regulations do not require local FDPIR programs to offer extensive nutrition education services to program participants. Of those programs evaluated, over 25% reported no nutrition education budget.[9]

There is a wide range of over 100 food options for Native Americans to choose for their monthly food disbursements, with some areas of the United States offering traditional indigenous food choices such as bison, wild salmon, wild rice, and blue cornmeal.[10] These options have been valuable with the increase in laws that sometimes ban indigenous folk from hunting, care of livestock, and farming on traditional agricultural lands.[4][11] Nutriton-related education can help indigenous folk learn about non-traditional foods, a variety of meals they can make out of them, and overall take the most advantages from their monthly food packages.[4]

The FDPIRs design places a large responsibility on individual participants to create and prepare a nutritious diet from the foods provided. Participants are responsible for selecting their foods, developing cooking skills, and designing meals that constitute a nutritious diet.[9]

In order for the success of the FDPIR to be accurately measured, additional and extensive research must be conducted.

References

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  1. ^ a b Jernigan, Valarie Blue Bird; Huyser, Kimberly R.; Valdes, Jimmy; Simonds, Vanessa Watts (2017). "Food Insecurity among American Indians and Alaska Natives: A National Profile using the Current Population Survey-Food Security Supplement". Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition. 12 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1080/19320248.2016.1227750. ISSN 1932-0248. PMC 5422031. PMID 28491205.
  2. ^ "Food insecurity in U.S. households varies across race and ethnicity". www.ers.usda.gov. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
  3. ^ "What is food poverty? | Sustain". www.sustainweb.org. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
  4. ^ a b c Longmont, National Headquarters First Nations Development Institute 2432 Main Street; Albuquerque, Suite 200. "FDPIR Toolkit | First Nations Development Institute". www.firstnations.org. Retrieved 2024-07-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ "Food Deserts* - Food Empowerment Project". Retrieved 2024-07-27.
  6. ^ a b Lin, Biing-Hwan; Fox, Mary Kay; Hamilton, William (December 2004). "13. Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations". Effects of Food Assistance and Nutrition Programs on Nutrition and Health: Volume 3, Literature Review. Vol. 3. USDA Economic Research Service.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  7. ^ a b "Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations | Food and Nutrition Service". www.fns.usda.gov. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
  8. ^ "How Hunger Affects Native American Communities | Move For Hunger". moveforhunger.org. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
  9. ^ a b "FDPIREval_Summary_0" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-05-09. Retrieved 2016-05-28.
  10. ^ "Harvest Time: Celebrating Native American Heritage and Traditional Foods in FDPIR | USDA". www.usda.gov. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
  11. ^ MAILLACHERUVU, SARA USHA (October 4 2022). "The Historical Determinants of Food Insecurity in Native Communities". Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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