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Cladograms

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TheropodsList
Non-avian theropods
Stem-birds or birds of uncertain affinity
Enantiornithes
Mesozoic euornithes


SauropodomorphsList
Prosauropods
Diplodocoids
Non-titanosaur macronarians
True Titanosaurs

OrnithischiansList
Misc ornithischians
Marginocephalians
Stem-hadrosaurs
Hadrosaurids

To-Do

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Type Specimen Lists

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Backlog

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Binomial Name Catalogue Number Institution Age Unit Material Notes Images
Gresslyosaurus torgeri HMN MB III Rhaetian Trossingen Formation, Germany May belong to the genus Plateosaurus[1]
Gryponyx transvaalensis Bushveld Sandstone A single claw from the hand and a wrist bone[2]
Magyarosaurus transsylvanicus BMNH R3896, 4891 Generally considered a junior synonym of M. dacus[3]
Orosaurus capensis Was renamed Orinosaurus because Orosaurus was believed to be preoccupied, but this mistake was realized and Orinosaurus is an objective junior synonym; has also been referred to the genus Gresslyosaurus
Plateosaurus ornatus May be a nomen dubium
Plateosauravus stormbergensis
Pleurocoelus montanus
Tangvayosaurus falloti
Titanosaurus falloti
Titanosaurus madagascarensis UCB 92305 Additional material was originally referred to this specimen, but it has since been referred to the genus Rapetosaurus
Titanosaurus rahioliensis
Titanosaurus nanus

Deep Lore

[edit]
Binomial Name Catalogue Number Institution Age Unit Material Notes Images
Aristorsaurus erectus
Brontosaurus giganteus
Cetiosaurus philippsii
Dromicosaurus gracilis
Euskelosaurus africanus
Euskelosaurus broomi
Euskelosaurus euskelosauroides
Euskelosaurus molengraaffi
Gresslyosaurus ajax
Gresslyosaurus wetzelianus
Leptospondylus capensis
Morosaurus marchei
Ornithopsis eucamerotus BMNH R97
Ornithopsis leedsi
Ornithopsis manseli
Pachyspondylus orpenii
Palaeosaurus cylindricodon
An illustration of the holotype tooth of P. cylindricodon (left)
Palaeosaurus fraserianus
Palaeosaurus platydon
An illustration of the holotype tooth of P. platydon (right)
Pleurocoelus valdensis
Thecodontosaurus hermannianus
Thecodontosaurus dubius
Thecodontosaurus minimus
Thecodontosaurus latespinatus
Thecodontosaurus subcylindricodon
Wangonisaurus sp.

Thyreophorans

[edit]
Binomial Name Catalogue Number Institution Age Unit Material Notes Images
Anoplosaurus major
Chungkingosaurus giganticus CV 00205
Chungkingosaurus magnus CV 00207
Natronasaurus sp. Ulansky, 2014
Vectensia sp. Delair, 1982
Hypsirhophus seelyanus
Dacentrurus hastiger
Dacentrurus phillipsi
Dacentrurus lennieri
Crataeomus sp.
Danubiosaurus sp.
Pleuropelta sp.
  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference gressly6 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference stormbergold was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference palud was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Size estimates

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Sauropods

[edit]
Taxon Largest specimen(s) Paul (2022) Perez & Larramendi (2020) Other
Argentinosaurus huinculensis
Patagotitan mayorum
Maraapunisaurus fragillimus
cf. Barosaurus lentus
Mamenchisaurus cf. sinocanadorum
Dreadnoughtus schrani
Puertasaurus reuili
Sauroposeidon proteles
Supersaurus vivianae
Brachiosaurus altithorax
Apatosaurus cf. ajax
Giraffatitan brancai
Ruyangosaurus giganteus
"Antarctosaurus" giganteus

Theropod size

[edit]
  • Include: Spinosaurus, Tyrannosaurus, Giganotosaurus, Deinocheirus, Therizinosaurus, Gigantoraptor, Torvosaurus, Carnotaurus, Utahraptor

Ideal article structure

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Clade

[edit]
  • History of study
    • Initial discovery or conception
    • New ideas introduced
    • Modern understanding
  • Anatomy and biology
    • Body plan
    • Size
    • Eyes and senses
    • Nervous system
    • Skull features
    • Teeth and digestion
    • Integument
    • Arm structure and function
    • Feet and locomotion
    • Tail
    • Breathing
    • Ontogeny
  • Classification
    • Placement of the clade within a larger clade
    • Internal structure of the clade
    • Uncertainty or controversy about the clade
  • Paleoecology
    • Diet and predation
    • Social behavior
    • Geographic distribution
    • Longevity of clade

Genus

[edit]

Infoboxes

[edit]
Infoboxes
===Euornithes===

A Cynical Idealist/misc
Temporal range:
Early CretaceousPresent,
130.7–0 Ma[1]
Fossil specimen of Hongshanornis longicresta
Goldcrest (Regulus regulus)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Clade: Avialae
Clade: Ornithothoraces
Clade: Euornithes
Stejneger, 1884
Subgroups

Sauropodomorphs

Macronaria

Macronarians
Temporal range: Middle JurassicLate Cretaceous, 174–66 Ma
Seven macronarian sauropods (top to bottom): Argentinosaurus, Camarasaurus lentus, Opisthocoelicaudia, Europasaurus, Qiaowanlong, Huanghetitan (foreground) with Daxiatitan (background)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Sauropodomorpha
Clade: Sauropoda
Clade: Neosauropoda
Clade: Macronaria
Wilson & Sereno, 1998
Clades and subclades

Titanosauria

Titanosaurs
Temporal range: Cretaceous, 140–66 Ma
Mounted Patagotitan on display at the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Sauropodomorpha
Clade: Sauropoda
Clade: Macronaria
Clade: Somphospondyli
Clade: Titanosauria
Bonaparte & Coria, 1993
Subgroups[11][12][13][14]
Titanosaurs of uncertain affinity and basal genera

Colossosauria

Colossosaurians
Temporal range: Cretaceous, 101.62–66 Ma
Skeleton mount of Patagotitan mayorum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Sauropodomorpha
Clade: Sauropoda
Clade: Macronaria
Clade: Titanosauria
Clade: Eutitanosauria
Clade: Colossosauria
González-Riga et al., 2019
Genera

Saltasauroidea

Stem-archosaurs

Archosauromorpha

Archosauromorphs
Temporal range: 260–0 Ma Possible Middle Permian records
Row 1: Sharovipteryx mirabilis and Crocodylus porosus
Row 2: Pardalotus punctatus and Hyperodapedon fischeri
Row 3: Tanystropheus longobardicus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Archelosauria
Clade: Archosauromorpha
von Huene, 1946
Subgroups

Avemetatarsalia

Avemetatarsalians
Temporal range:
Middle TriassicPresent, 247–0 Ma (possible Early Triassic record if Prorotodactylus is part of the clade)
Seven avemetatarsalians (top to bottom): a Gentoo penguin, Marasuchus, Kentrosaurus, Thalassodromeus (foreground) with Anhanguera (background), Diplodocus, Rhamphorhynchus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Sauropsida
Clade: Archosauria
Clade: Avemetatarsalia
Benton, 1999
Subgroups
Synonyms
  • Dracones Haeckel, 1895
  • Ornithosuchia Huene, 1908
  • Ornithotarsi Gauthier, 1986
  • Pan-Aves Gauthier and de Queiroz, 2001

Pseudosuchians

Pseudosuchia

Pseudosuchians
Temporal range:
Early TriassicPresent, 248–0 Ma
Postosuchus (Rauisuchidae) and Desmatosuchus (Aetosauria)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Archosauria
Clade: Pseudosuchia
Zittel, 1887
Subgroups
Synonyms
  • Crocodylotarsi Benton & Clark, 1988
  • Crurotarsi? Sereno & Arcucci, 1990

Crocodylomorpha

Crocodylomorphs
Temporal range: Late Triassic–Present, 235–0 Ma[15]
Skeleton of Terrestrisuchus, an early saltoposuchid crocodylomorph
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Archosauria
Clade: Pseudosuchia
Clade: Paracrocodylomorpha
Clade: Loricata
Clade: Crocodylomorpha
Hay, 1930
Subgroups
Crocodylomorphs of uncertain affinity

Thalattosuchia

Thalattosuchians
Temporal range: Early Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Sinemurian–Aptian
Platysuchus,(Teleosauridae, Teleosauroidea)
Cricosaurus (Metriorhynchidae, Metriorhynchoidea)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Archosauria
Clade: Pseudosuchia
Clade: Crocodylomorpha
Clade: Crocodyliformes
Suborder: Thalattosuchia
Fraas, 1901[16]
Superfamilies

Pterosaurs

Pterosauria

Pterosaurs
Temporal range: Late TriassicLate Cretaceous, 228–66 Ma
Six pterosaurs (top to bottom): Dimorphodon, Pterodactylus, Anurognathus, Quetzalcoatlus, Sordes, Tropeognathus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Archosauria
Clade: Avemetatarsalia
Clade: Ornithodira
Clade: Pterosauromorpha
Order: Pterosauria
Owen, 1842
Subgroups
Distribution of pterosaur fossil locations. Colored species or genera names correspond to their taxonomic group.[a]
Synonyms

Pterosaurii Kaup, 1834
Ornithosauria Seeley, 1870

Pterodactyloidea

Pterodactyloids
Temporal range:
Middle JurassicLate Cretaceous, 162.7–66 Ma
Several members of Pterodactyloidea (top to bottom): Pteranodon, Pterodaustro, the skulls of several pterosaurs (Guidraco, Anhanguera, Tupandactylus, and an unnamed dsungaripterid), Quetzalcoatlus, Aerodactylus, and Coloborhynchus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Order: Pterosauria
Clade: Caelidracones
Suborder: Pterodactyloidea
Plieninger, 1901
Subgroups
Synonyms

Archaeopterodactyloidea

Archaeopterodactyloids
Temporal range:
Late JurassicEarly Cretaceous, 152–105 Ma , possible Late Cretaceous presence.[17]
Restored skull of the ctenochasmatid Pterodaustro guinazui
Cast of the sub-adult type specimen of Pterodactylus antiquus, an archaeopterodactyloid.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Order: Pterosauria
Suborder: Pterodactyloidea
Infraorder: Archaeopterodactyloidea
Kellner, 1996
Subgroups

Azhdarchoidea

Azhdarchoids
Temporal range:
Early - Late Cretaceous, 143–66 Ma Possible Late Jurassic record[18]
Reconstructed skeleton of Quetzalcoatlus northropi
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Order: Pterosauria
Suborder: Pterodactyloidea
Clade: Ornithocheiroidea
Clade: Azhdarchoidea
Nesov, 1984
Subgroups

Ornithocheiromorpha

Ornithocheiromorphs
Temporal range: Valanginian-Turonian
~140–92.5 Ma
Reconstructed skeleton of Tropeognathus in the National Museum of Brazil
Skeletal cast of Maaradactylus spielbergi in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Order: Pterosauria
Suborder: Pterodactyloidea
Clade: Pteranodontoidea
Clade: Ornithocheiromorpha
Andres et al., 2014
Subgroups

Marine reptiles

Ichthyosauromorpha

Ichthyosauromorpha
Temporal range:
Early Triassic - Late Cretaceous, 251.3–90 Ma Inferred Permian origins[19]
Hupehsuchus nanchangensis
Ichthyosaurus somersetensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Neodiapsida
Clade: Ichthyosauromorpha
Motani et al., 2014
Subgroups

Ichthyosauria

A Cynical Idealist/misc
Temporal range:
Early TriassicLate Cretaceous, 250–90 Ma
Skeleton of Ichthyosaurus somersetensis (NHMUK OR 2013)
Life restoration of Ophthalmosaurus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Eoichthyosauria
Order: Ichthyosauria
Blainville, 1835
Subgroups

Parvipelvia

A Cynical Idealist/misc
Temporal range: NorianCenomanian
~210–93.5 Ma
Ichthyosaurus breviceps fossil
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Ichthyosauria
Clade: Euichthyosauria
Node: Parvipelvia
Motani, 1999
Subgroups

Sauropterygia

Sauropterygians
Temporal range: Early Triassic - Late Cretaceous, 247–66 Ma
Sauropterygia diversity. Clockwise from top left: Ceresiosaurus calcagnii (Nothosauroidea), Henodus chelyops (Placodontia), Brachauchenius lucasi, Aristonectes parvidens (Plesiosauria).
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Neodiapsida
Superorder: Sauropterygia
Owen, 1860
Subgroups

Plesiosauroidea

Plesiosauroids
Temporal range: Late Triassic - Late Cretaceous, 210–66 Ma
Life restoration of Elasmosaurus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Superorder: Sauropterygia
Order: Plesiosauria
Clade: Neoplesiosauria
Superfamily: Plesiosauroidea
Gray, 1825
Subgroups
  • Styxosaurus, Dolicorhynchops, Plesiosaurus, Zaarafrasaura, Cryptocleidus, Leptocleidus

Pliosauroidea

Pliosauridae

A Cynical Idealist/misc
Temporal range: Late Triassic - Late Cretaceous, 228–89.3 Ma
Cast of Attenborosaurus conybeari (NHMUK R1339), Natural History Museum
Liopleurodon ferox mounted skeleton, Museum of Paleontology, Tübingen
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Superorder: Sauropterygia
Order: Plesiosauria
Suborder: Pliosauroidea
Family: Pliosauridae
Seeley, 1874
Subgroups

Mosasauria

Misc

Proboscidea

A Cynical Idealist/misc
Temporal range: Middle Paleocene-Holocene 60.0–0 Ma
Proboscidean diversity: Indian elephant, Elephas maximus indicus, African bush elephant, Loxodonta africana and African forest elephant, Loxodonta cyclotis
Skeleton of Moeritherium
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Mirorder: Tethytheria
Order: Proboscidea
Illiger, 1811
Subclades

Cetacea

Tetrapoda

Clade lists

Sauropodomorphs
Sauropods
Ornithopods
  1. ^ Min Wang; Xiaoting Zheng; Jingmai K. O’Connor; Graeme T. Lloyd; Xiaoli Wang; Yan Wang; Xiaomei Zhang; Zhonghe Zhou (2015). "The oldest record of Ornithuromorpha from the Early Cretaceous of China". Nature Communications. 6: Article number 6987. doi:10.1038/ncomms7987. PMC 5426517. PMID 25942493.
  2. ^ Averianov, A.O.; Lopatin, A.V. (2020). "An unusual new sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (12): 1009–1032. Bibcode:2020JSPal..18.1009A. doi:10.1080/14772019.2020.1716402. S2CID 214244529.
  3. ^ Gorscak, E.; O'Connor, P.M.; Stevens, N.J.; Roberts, E.M. (2014). "The basal titanosaurian Rukwatitan bisepultus (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the middle Cretaceous Galula Formation, Rukwa Rift Basin, southwestern Tanzania". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (5): 1133–1154. Bibcode:2014JVPal..34.1133G. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.845568. S2CID 677002.
  4. ^ Averianov, A.O.; Sues, H.D. (2017). "Review of Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs from Central Asia". Cretaceous Research. 69: 184–197. Bibcode:2017CrRes..69..184A. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.09.006.
  5. ^ Martínez, R.D.; Lamanna, M.C.; Novas, F.E.; Ridgely, R.C.; Casal, G.A.; Martínez, J.E.; Vita, J.R.; Witmer, L.M. (2016). "A Basal Lithostrotian Titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) with a Complete Skull: Implications for the Evolution and Paleobiology of Titanosauria". PLOS ONE. 11 (4): e0151661. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1151661M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151661. PMC 4846048. PMID 27115989.
  6. ^ Han, F.; Yang, L.; Lou, F.; Sullivan, C.; Xu, X.; Qiu, W.; Liu, H.; Yu, J.; Wu, R.; Ke, Y.; Xu, M.; Hu, J.; Lu, P. (2024). "A new titanosaurian sauropod, Gandititan cavocaudatus gen. et sp. nov., from the Late Cretaceous of southern China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 22 (1). 2293038. Bibcode:2024JSPal..2293038H. doi:10.1080/14772019.2023.2293038.
  7. ^ Wang, X.; Bandeira, K.L.; Qiu, R.; Jiang, S.; Cheng, X.; Ma, Y.; Kellner, A.W. (2021). "The first dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous Hami Pterosaur Fauna, China". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): 14962. Bibcode:2021NatSR..1114962W. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-94273-7. PMC 8361124. PMID 34385481.
  8. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference wilson03 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Mannion, P.D.; Upchurch, P.; Jin, X.; Zheng, W. (2019). "New information on the Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs of Zhejiang Province, China: impact on Laurasian titanosauriform phylogeny and biogeography". Royal Society Open Science. 6 (8): 191057. Bibcode:2019RSOS....691057M. doi:10.1098/rsos.191057. PMC 6731702. PMID 31598266.
  10. ^ Pereira, P. V. L. G. C.; Bandeira, K. L. N.; Vidal, L. S.; Ribeiro, T. B.; Candeiro, C. R. A.; Bergqvist, L. P. (2024). "A new sauropod species from north-western Brazil: biomechanics and the radiation of Titanosauria (Sauropoda: Somphospondyli)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae054.
  11. ^ Gallina, P.A.; González Riga, B.J.; Ortiz David, L.D. (2022). "Time for Giants: Titanosaurs from the Berriasian–Santonian Age". In Otero, A.; Carballido, J.L.; Pol, D. (eds.). South American Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Record, Diversity and Evolution. Springer. pp. 299–340. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95959-3. ISBN 978-3-030-95958-6. ISSN 2197-9596. S2CID 248368302.
  12. ^ Santucci, R.M.; Filippi, L.S. (2022). "Last Titans: Titanosaurs From the Campanian–Maastrichtian Age". In Otero, A.; Carballido, J.L.; Pol, D. (eds.). South American Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Record, Diversity and Evolution. Springer. pp. 341–391. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95959-3. ISBN 978-3-030-95958-6. ISSN 2197-9596. S2CID 248368302.
  13. ^ Poropat, S.F.; Kundrát, M.; Mannion, P.D.; Upchurch, P.; Tischler, T.R.; Elliott, D.A. (2021). "Second specimen of the Late Cretaceous Australian sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae provides new anatomical information on the skull and neck of early titanosaurs". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 192 (2): 610–674. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa173.
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference gorscak19 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Irmis, R. B.; Nesbitt, S. J.; Sues, H. -D. (2013). "Early Crocodylomorpha". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 379 (1): 275–302. Bibcode:2013GSLSP.379..275I. doi:10.1144/SP379.24. S2CID 219190410.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Fraas, 1901 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Reguero, Marcelo A.; Gasparini, Zulma; Olivero, Eduardo B.; Coria, Rodolfo A.; Fernández, Marta S.; o´Gorman, José P.; Gouiric-Cavalli, Soledad; Hospitaleche, Carolina Acosta; Bona, Paula; Iglesias, ARI; Gelfo, Javier N.; Raffi, María E.; Moly, Juan José; Santillana, Sergio N.; Cárdenas, Magalí (2022). "Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian Vertebrates from the James Ross Basin, West Antarctica: Updated Synthesis, Biostratigraphy, and Paleobiogeography". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 94 (suppl 1): e20211142. doi:10.1590/0001-3765202220211142. PMID 35674550. S2CID 249359371.
  18. ^ Unwin, David M.; Heinrich, Wolf-Dieter (1999). "On a pterosaur jaw from the Upper Jurassic of Tendaguru (Tanzania)". Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Geowissenschaftliche Reihe. 2: 121–134.
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference Kear2023 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).


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