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The Hooded Man

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The Hooded Man
Abdou Hussain Saad Faleh, an Iraqi prisoner, being tortured at Abu Ghraib prison by U.S soldiers; the prisoner is standing on the box with wires attached to his left and right hand
Year2003
SubjectAbdou Hussain Saad Faleh

The Hooded Man (or The Man on the Box)[1] is an image showing a prisoner at Abu Ghraib prison with wires attached to his fingers, standing on a box with a covered head. The photo has been portrayed as an iconic photograph of the Iraq War,[1] "the defining image of the scandal"[2][3] and "symbol of the torture at Abu Ghraib".[4] The image, first revealed to the public on CBS's 60 Minutes II program on 28 April 2004, was later published on the cover of The Economist's 8 May 2004 issue, as the opening photo of The New Yorker[5] on 10 May 2004,[5][6] and on the front page of The New York Times on 11 March 2006.[7][1]

The man in the photo was initially reported to be Ali Shallal al-Qaisi[1][8] but the online magazine Salon.com later raised doubts about his identity.[8] It was later reported that although al-Qaisi was photographed in a similar position,[9] the actual Hooded Man was Abdou Hussain Saad Faleh, nicknamed Gilligan.[1][10]

Subject

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See also: Ali Shallal al-Qaisi

The man under the hood shown in the famous photo was initially reported as Ali Shallal al-Qaisi. Ali was detained at Abu Ghraib for several months between 2003 and 2004, where he was tortured by the U.S. forces. Ali was later released "on a highway away from Abu Ghraib" without being charged with a crime.[11] In his description of the photographed scene, Shallal al-Qaisi states that he was standing on a rigid and "not breakable" box while he received electrical shocks via the wires tied to his hands. "I remember biting my tongue, my eyes felt like they were about to pop out. I started bleeding from under the mask and I fell down," Shallal al-Qaisi adds.[11] "He said he had only recently been given a blanket after remaining naked for days".[4]

The hooded man's identity was later challenged by the online magazine Salon.com after "an examination of 280 Abu Ghraib pictures it has been studying for weeks and on an interview with an official of the Army’s Criminal Investigation Command".[8] Following the challenge, the New York Times stated it would investigate the case. Finally, the New York Times reported that "Qaissi acknowledged he is not the man in the specific photograph", though Qaissi and his lawyers say that while being shocked with wires, he was photographed in a similar position.[9] During a phone conversation with the New York Times al-Qaisi said: "I know one thing. I wore that blanket, I stood on that box and I was wired up and electrocuted".[7] The real identity of the hooded man was later reported to be Abdou Hussain Saad Faleh, nicknamed "Gilligan".[1][10] The man was not recognized by tribal leaders or the manager of a brick factory located at the address indicated in prison records. It was noted that detainees often assume false identities during their time in custody.[12]

Reception

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The photo, along with others depicting the abuse, was first revealed to the public on CBS's 60 Minutes II program on 28 April 2004. It later appeared with the words "Resign, Rumsfeld" on the cover of the British magazine The Economist on 8 May 2004,[13][14] and as the opening photo of Seymour Hersh's much-quoted essay on the scandal on 10 May in The New Yorker.[5][6] It also appeared on the front page of the New York Times on 11 March 2006.[7][1] An illustrated representation of the photo was published on the cover of The Nation on 26 December 2005 with the title "The Torture Complex". On 12 June 2005, the New York Times magazine published another reproduction with the title "What We Don't Talk About When We Talk About Torture."[5]

Frequent reproduction was not the sole reason behind the rise of The Hooded Man to an iconic status, rather it occurred also due to the diverse ways in which image makers have utilized it across different "genres, media, and locations". The image has served as a model for magazine covers and editorial cartoons, appeared in murals, public posters, and sculptures, been reproduced in Lego, and incorporated into montages and paintings.[5]

W. J. T. Mitchell analyzed the Abu Ghraib photos in his book Cloning Terror: the War of Images 9/11 to the Present.[5] The Hooded Man is reportedly one of the three iconic images from a larger set of leaked photos from Abu Ghraib, with the other two being "Pyramid of Bodies" and "Prisoner on a Leash".[15]

A decade after the public release of the photos of the hooded man, the Abu Ghraib and the War on Terror had been subject to numerous publications. It has inspired numerous adaptations across different media and genres, and significant literary works have delved into an analysis of the photograph, its adaptations, and its political significance.[5]

Ambient musician Tim Hecker's 2013 album Virgins features album art alluding to the photo. The album also contains a track titled "Incense at Abu Ghraib."

Similar torture cases

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Der Spiegel, a German news outlet, concluded that many prisoners were tortured and photographed in the same manner as the hooded man. According to experts, this form of torture has been used by the CIA for years. Sworn testimony from Specialist Sabrina Harman of the 372nd Military Police Company states that at least one prisoner was tortured with their "fingers, toes and penis [...] attached to wires", while the iconic hooded man has wires attached only to his fingers. U.S. investigators say there were other prisoners, including Satar Jabir, claiming to be the hooded man, who had experienced the same torture method.[10] In his interview with Der Spiegel, Ali Shallal al-Qaysi named two other people – Shahin, nicknamed "Joker" by the U.S. soldiers, and a man named Saddam al-Rawi – who suffered the same form of torture.[10]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g Morris, Errol (15 August 2007). "Will the Real Hooded Man Please Stand Up". Opinionator. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  2. ^ Soussi, Alasdair. "The Abu Ghraib abuse scandal 20 years on: What redress for victims?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  3. ^ "'I hated myself for Abu Ghraib abuse'". BBC News. 9 May 2018. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  4. ^ a b Fattah, Hassan M. (11 March 2006). "Symbol of Abu Ghraib Seeks to Spare Others His Nightmare". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Hansen, Lene (2015). "How images make world politics: International icons and the case of Abu Ghraib". Review of International Studies. 41 (2): 263–288. doi:10.1017/S0260210514000199. ISSN 0260-2105.
  6. ^ a b Hersh, Seymour M. (30 April 2004). "Torture at Abu Ghraib". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  7. ^ a b c Zernike, Kate (19 March 2006). "Hooded at Abu Ghraib, but not in the picture". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  8. ^ a b c "ID of hooded Abu Ghraib prisoner challenged". NBC News. The Associated Press. 14 March 2006. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  9. ^ a b "Times admits error in ID of Abu Ghraib man". NBC News. 18 March 2006. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  10. ^ a b c d "Photos from Abu Ghraib: The Hooded Men". Der Spiegel. 22 March 2006. ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  11. ^ a b Javaid, Osama Bin (20 March 2023). "Abu Ghraib survivor: Taking the hood off 20 years after Iraq war". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  12. ^ Zernike, Kate (18 March 2006). "Cited as Symbol of Abu Ghraib, Man Admits He Is Not in Photo". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  13. ^ "Resign, Rumsfeld". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  14. ^ Chatterjee, Pratap (3 February 2011). "Donald Rumsfeld, you're no Robert McNamara". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  15. ^ Spens, Christiana (29 December 2018). The Portrayal and Punishment of Terrorists in Western Media: Playing the Villain. Springer. ISBN 978-3-030-04882-2.
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