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Etienne de Bar and cardinal Stephanus of S. Maria in Cosmedin were two different persons. The alleged identity between the two is explicitly rejected by Klaus Ganzer, Die Entwicklung des auswärtigen Kardinalats im hohen Mittelater, p. 79-80. There is no document which would support identity. Bishop of Metz never subscribed as cardinal, and cardinal deacon never subscribed as bishop. In the years 123 and 1126-1128 Etienne de Bar is attested in Metz in several documents - always as bishop, never as cardinal, e.g. Cartulaire de l'église Saint-Lambert de Liége, p. 58-60; Histoire des Evesques de l'Eglise de Metz. Par le R. P. Meurisse, p. 402-403; [1], [2]. Rudolf Hüls, p. 233 not. 5 says, that according to Chronica Trium Tabernarum cardinal Stephanus of S. Maria in Cosmedin was brother of cardinal Giovanni of S. Crisogono. This would mean, that he was an Italian from Crema, not nephew of Callixtus II. The only near-contemporary source for the cardinalate of bishop Etienne is Gesta episcoporum Mettensium cont. 1, MG SS X, p. 544, but - apart from the reliability of this chronicle - it does not say that he was cardinal deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin. CarlosPn (talk) 21:25, 2 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]
