Shao (unit)
A shao (Chinese: 勺; pinyin: sháo) in China, shaku in Japan and jak in Korea, is a unit of volume measurement in East Asia.[1] One shao equals 1⁄100 sheng. It is 10 mL (millilitres) in China,[2][3] 18.04 mL in Japan[4] and 18 mL in Korea.[5] Shao' is also a unit of area equal to 0.033 square meters (a hundredth of a tsubo) in Japan and Korea.[6]
The Chinese word shao (勺) means a spoon, or an amount held by a spoon. [1]
China
[edit]| Pinyin | Character | Relative value | Metric value | US value | Imperial value | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cuō | 撮 | 1⁄1000 | 1 mL | 0.0338 fl oz | 0.0352 fl oz | millilitre |
| sháo | 勺 | 1⁄100 | 10 mL | 0.3381 fl oz | 0.3520 fl oz | centilitre |
| gě | 合 | 1⁄10 | 100 mL | 3.381 fl oz | 3.520 fl oz | decilitre |
| shēng | 市升 | 1 | 1 L | 2.113 pt | 1.760 pt | litre |
| dǒu | 市斗 | 10 | 10 L | 21.13 pt 2.64 gal |
17.60 pt 2.20 gal |
decalitre |
| dàn | 市石 | 100 | 100 L | 26.41 gal | 22.0 gal | hectolitre |
Japan
[edit]Volume
[edit]| Unit | Shō | Metric | US | Imperial | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romanized | Kanji | Exact | Approx. | Exact | Approx. | Exact | Approx. | |||||
| Sai | 才 | 1⁄1000 | 2401/1,331,000 L | 1.804 mL | 37,515,625/15,900,351,812,136 cu yd | 29.28 min | 240,100/605,084,579 gal | 30.47 min | ||||
| 0.1101 cu in | ||||||||||||
| Shaku | 勺 | 1⁄100 | 2401/133,100 L | 18.04 mL | 187,578,125/7,950,175,906,068 cu yd | 0.6100 fl oz | 2,401,000/605,084,579 gal | 0.6349 fl oz | ||||
| 1.101 cu in | ||||||||||||
| Gō | 合 | 1⁄10 | 2401/13,310 L | 180.4 mL | 937,890,625/3,975,087,953,034 cu yd | 0.3812 pt | 24,010,000/605,084,579 gal | 0.3174 pt | ||||
| 0.3276 dry pt | ||||||||||||
| Shō | 升 | 1 | 2401/1331 L | 1.804 L | 4,689,453,125/1,987,543,976,517 cu yd | 1.906 qt | 240,100,000/605,084,579 gal | 1.587 qt | ||||
| 1.638 dry qt | ||||||||||||
| To | 斗 | 10 | 24,010/1331 L | 18.04 L | 46,894,531,250/1,987,543,976,517 cu yd | 4.765 gal | 2,401,000,000/605,084,579 gal | 3.968 gal | ||||
| 2.048 pk | ||||||||||||
| Koku | 石 | 100 | 240,100/1331 L | 180.4 L | 468,945,312,500/1,987,543,976,517 cu yd | 47.65 gal | 24,010,000,000/605,084,579 gal | 39.680 gal | ||||
| 5.119 bu | ||||||||||||
Notes:
| ||||||||||||
Area
[edit]Shao' is also a unit of area equal to 0.033 square meters (a hundredth of a tsubo) in Japan.[9]
| Unit | Tsubo | Metric | US & Imperial | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romanized | Kanji | Exact | Approx. | Exact | Approx. | |||||||
| Shaku | 勺 | 1⁄100 | 4/121 m2 | 330.6 cm2 | 6,250,000/158,080,329 sq yd | 51.24 sq in | ||||||
| Gō | 合 | 1⁄10 | 40/121 m2 | 0.3306 m2 | 62,500,000/158,080,329 sq yd | 3.558 sq ft | ||||||
| Jō | 畳 or 帖 | 1⁄2 | 200/121 m2 | 1.653 m2 | 312,500,000/158,080,329 sq yd | 17.79 sq ft | ||||||
| Tsubo | 坪 | 1 | 400/121 m2 | 3.306 m2 | 625,000,000/158,080,329 sq yd | 35.58 sq ft | ||||||
| Bu | 歩 | |||||||||||
| Se | 畝 | 30 | 12,000/121 m2 | 99.17 m2 | 6,250,000,000/52,693,443 sq yd | 1,067 sq ft | ||||||
| Tan | 段 or 反 | 300 | 120,000/121 m2 | 991.7 m2 | 62,500,000,000/52,693,443 sq yd | 10,674.6 sq ft | ||||||
| Chō(bu)[a] | 町(歩) | 3000 | 1,200,000/121 m2 | 0.9917 ha | 625,000,000,000/52,693,443 sq yd | 2.4505 acres | ||||||
Notes:
| ||||||||||||
Korea
[edit]| Romanization | Korean | English | Equivalents | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR | MR[12] | Other | Doe[13] | Other countries | Global | ||
| Jak | Chak | 작(勺) | 1⁄100 | 18 mL (0.63 imp fl oz; 0.61 US fl oz) | |||
| Hop | Hop | 홉 | 1⁄10 | Ge | 180 mL (6.3 imp fl oz; 6.1 US fl oz)[b][13] | ||
| Doe | Toe | Doi[13] Dwe[5] |
되 | Korean Peck[14] | 1 | 1.8 L (0.40 imp gal; 0.48 US gal)[c][13] | |
| Seung | Sŭng | 승(升) | |||||
| Mal | Mal | 말 | Korean Bushel | 10 | 18 L (4.0 imp gal; 4.8 US gal)[d][13] | ||
| Du | Tu | 두(斗) | |||||
| Seom | Sŏm | 섬 | Korean Picul[15] | 100 | Picul | 180 L (40 imp gal; 48 US gal)[e][13] | |
| Seok | Sŏk | Suk[13] | 석(石) | ||||
| Jeom | Chŏm | 점(苫) | |||||
| Sogok | Sogok | 소곡(小斛) | 150 | 270 L (59 imp gal; 71 US gal) | |||
| Pyeongseok | P'yŏngsŏk | 평석(平石) | |||||
| Daegok | Taegok | 대곡(大斛) | 200 | 360 L (79 imp gal; 95 US gal) | |||
| Jeonseok | Chŏnsŏk | 전석(全石) | |||||
The Korean Jak (勺) can also be a unit of area, equaling 0.0330579 m2 (0.355832 sq ft.) [5]
For more details on volume measurement, please see Sheng (volume)
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Chōbu is used rather than chō when no fraction follows.[citation needed]
- ^ The variant figures in Fessley [12] and the UN[13] reports are based on the imperial measuring system.
- ^ imp
- ^ imp
- ^ imp
References
[edit]- ^ a b "勺". 3 June 2024.
- ^ a b "The Weights and Measures Act (1929)" (in Chinese). Legislative Yuan. Archived from the original on 2014-04-25.
- ^ Language Institute, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (2016). 现代汉语词典 (附錄：計量單位表) [Contemporary Chinese Dictionary (Appendix: Measure units)] (in Chinese) (7th ed.). Beijing: Commercial Press. pp. 1786–1793. ISBN 978-7-100-12450-8.
- ^ a b c Iwata, Shigeo. "Weights and Measures in Japan"
- ^ a b c Kim (2007).
- ^ "勺". 3 June 2024.
- ^ Language Institute 2016, p. 1165.
- ^ World Weights and Measures: Handbook for Statisticians, ST/STAT/SER. M/21, UN Publication No. 1955.XVII.2, New York, NY: Statistical Office of the United Nations, 1955
- ^ "勺". 3 June 2024.
- ^ Kim, Jun Hee (March 2007), "Taking Measure", Invest Korea Journal, vol. 25, Seoul: Korea Trade–Investment Promotion Agency
- ^ Fessley, Susanna (2009), "Weights and Measures in East Asian Studies" (PDF), Albany: State University of New York
- ^ a b Fessley (2009), p. 9.
- ^ a b c d e f g h UN (1955), III-59.
- ^ NIKH (2017).
- ^ "Glossary of Korean History", Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty, Seoul: National Institute of Korean History, 2017