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Reykjavík North (Althing constituency)

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Reykjavík North
Reykjavík norður
Constituency
for the Althing
Outline map
Location of Reykjavík North within Iceland
MunicipalityReykjavík
RegionCapital
Electorate47,600 (2024)
Current Constituency
Created2003
Seats9 (2003–present)[a]
Member of the Althing[1]
List
Created fromReykjavík

Reykjavík North (Icelandic: Reykjavík norður) is one of the six multi-member constituencies of the Althing, the national legislature of Iceland. The constituency was established in 2003 when the existing Reykjavík constituency was split into two. The constituency currently elects nine[a] of the 63 members of the Althing using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2024 parliamentary election it had 47,600 registered electors.

History

[edit]

In March 1843 King Christian VIII of Denmark issued a royal decree converting the Althing into a consultative assembly. It consisted to 20 members popularly elected from single-member constituencies, one of which was Reykjavík.[2][3] In the subsequent decades the electoral process, size of Althing and constituencies changed several time. Reykjavík became a two-member constituency in 1903 (effective 1904).[4] In 1920 (effective 1923) it became a four-member constituency using proportional representation.[5] It became a six-member constituency in 1934 and an eight-member constituency in 1942.[5][6]

One of the main reasons for the changes was the shift in population from rural to urban areas, particularly Reykjavík.[2] The changes however always lagged behind population shifts.[2] This resulted in rural constituencies being over-represented in the Althing. The disproportionately in the voting power of rural and urban voters was as high as 10:1 by the mid 20th century.[2] The over-representation of rural constituencies favoured the Progressive Party, whose support base was mostly farmers.[2] The party was over-represented in Althing even after the introduction of compensatory seats (equalisation seas) in 1934.

The constituencies were radically altered in 1959 when the single and two-member constituencies were abolished and replaced by seven multi-member constituencies using proportional representation.[2][6] The number of seats allocated to Reykjavík was increased from 8 to 12 at the same time.[2] This reduced the disproportionately in the voting power of rural and urban voters to 3:1.[2]

In September 1997 Prime Minister Davíð Oddsson appointed a committee headed by Friðrik Klemenz Sophusson to review the division of constituencies in Iceland and the organisation of elections. The committee's report was published in October 1998 and recommended, amongst other things, that the number of constituencies be reduced and that they be more equal in population size.[7] The Althing passed an amendment to the constitution in June 1999 which removed the reference to specific eight constituencies contained within Article 31 and instead simply stated that there would be six or seven constituencies and that the Althing would determine the boundaries between the constituencies.[8] The amendment also required that if, following an election to Althing, the number of registered electors per seat (including compensatory seats) in any constituency is less than half of that in another constituency, the National Electoral Commission shall change the allocation of seats so as to reduce the imbalance.[8] This reduced the disproportionately in the voting power of rural and urban voters to 2:1.

Reykjavík North was one of six constituencies (kjördæmi) established by the "Elections to the Althing Act no. 24/2000" (Lög um kosningar til Alþingis, nr. 24/2000) passed by the Althing in May 2000.[9] The Act required that, when an election to Althing had been called, the National Electoral Commission had to determine the boundaries between the Reykjavík North and Reykjavík South constituencies so that the number of registered electors per seat (including compensatory seats) is approximately the same.[9] The Act initially allocated eleven seats to the constituency - nine constituency seats and two compensatory seats.[9]

Electoral system

[edit]

Reykjavík North currently elects nine[a] of the 63 members of the Althing using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system.[10][11] Constituency seats are allocated using the D'Hondt method.[12][13] Compensatory seats (equalisation seas) are calculated based on the national vote and are allocated using the D'Hondt method at the constituency level.[14][15] Only parties that reach the 5% national threshold compete for compensatory seats.[13][16]

Election results

[edit]

Summary

[edit]
Election Left-Green
V / U		 Social Democrats
S		 People's
F		 Pirate
P / Þ		 Viðreisn
C		 Progressive
B		 Independence
D		 Centre
M
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
2024 1,080 2.92% 0 9,653 26.08% 3 4,400 11.89% 1 2,006 5.42% 0 6,043 16.32% 2 1,492 4.03% 0 6,459 17.45% 2 3,284 8.87% 1
2021 5,597 15.94% 2 4,427 12.61% 1 2,694 7.67% 1 4,508 12.84% 1 2,706 7.71% 1 4,329 12.33% 1 7,353 20.94% 2 1,234 3.51% 0
2017 7,727 21.54% 3 4,575 12.75% 1 2,546 7.10% 0 4,887 13.62% 1 3,013 8.40% 1 1,901 5.30% 0 8,109 22.60% 3 2,509 6.99% 0
2016 7,318 20.92% 2 1,822 5.21% 0 1,321 3.78% 0 6,663 19.04% 2 4,064 11.62% 1 1,988 5.68% 0 8,539 24.41% 3
2013 5,493 15.67% 2 4,996 14.25% 1 2,407 6.87% 0 5,759 16.43% 2 8,187 23.36% 3
2009 8,432 24.01% 2 11,568 32.94% 3 3,375 9.61% 1 7,508 21.38% 2
2007 5,928 16.92% 2 10,248 29.24% 3 2,186 6.24% 0 12,760 36.41% 4
2003 3,537 9.79% 1 13,110 36.27% 4 4,199 11.62% 1 12,833 35.50% 3

(Excludes compensatory seats.)

Detailed

[edit]

2020s

[edit]
2024
[edit]

Results of the 2024 parliamentary election held on 30 November 2024:[17]

Party Votes % Seats
Con. Com. Tot.
Social Democratic Alliance S 9,653 26.08% 3 1 4
Independence Party D 6,459 17.45% 2 0 2
Viðreisn C 6,043 16.32% 2 1 3
People's Party F 4,400 11.89% 1 0 1
Centre Party M 3,284 8.87% 1 0 1
Socialist Party of Iceland J 2,194 5.93% 0 0 0
Pirate Party P 2,006 5.42% 0 0 0
Progressive Party B 1,492 4.03% 0 0 0
Left-Green Movement V 1,080 2.92% 0 0 0
Democratic Party L 367 0.99% 0 0 0
Responsible Future Y 42 0.11% 0 0 0
Valid Votes 37,020 100.00% 9 2 11
Blank Votes 399 1.06%
Rejected Votes – Other 81 0.22%
Total Polled 37,500 78.78%
Registered Electors 47,600

The following candidates were elected:[18]

2021
[edit]

Results of the 2021 parliamentary election held on 25 September 2021:[19]

Party Votes % Seats
Con. Com. Tot.
Independence Party D 7,353 20.94% 2 0 2
Left-Green Movement V 5,597 15.94% 2 0 2
Pirate Party P 4,508 12.84% 1 1 2
Social Democratic Alliance S 4,427 12.61% 1 1 2
Progressive Party B 4,329 12.33% 1 0 1
Viðreisn C 2,706 7.71% 1 0 1
People's Party F 2,694 7.67% 1 0 1
Socialist Party of Iceland J 1,976 5.63% 0 0 0
Centre Party M 1,234 3.51% 0 0 0
Liberal Democratic Party O 150 0.43% 0 0 0
Responsible Future Y 144 0.41% 0 0 0
Valid Votes 35,118 100.00% 9 2 11
Blank Votes 483 1.35%
Rejected Votes – Other 127 0.36%
Total Polled 35,728 78.76%
Registered Electors 45,361

The following candidates were elected:[20]

2010s

[edit]
2017
[edit]

Results of the 2017 parliamentary election held on 28 October 2017:[21][22][23][24]

Party Votes % Seats
Con. Com. Tot.
Independence Party D 8,109 22.60% 3 0 3
Left-Green Movement V 7,727 21.54% 3 0 3
Pirate Party P 4,887 13.62% 1 1 2
Social Democratic Alliance S 4,575 12.75% 1 0 1
Viðreisn C 3,013 8.40% 1 0 1
People's Party F 2,546 7.10% 0 1 1
Centre Party M 2,509 6.99% 0 0 0
Progressive Party B 1,901 5.30% 0 0 0
Bright Future A 506 1.41% 0 0 0
People's Front of Iceland R 105 0.29% 0 0 0
Valid Votes 35,878 100.00% 9 2 11
Blank Votes 711 1.94%
Rejected Votes – Other 144 0.39%
Total Polled 36,733 79.73%
Registered Electors 46,073

The following candidates were elected:[24]

2016
[edit]

Results of the 2016 parliamentary election held on 29 October 2016:[25][26][27][28]

Party Votes % Seats
Con. Com. Tot.
Independence Party D 8,539 24.41% 3 0 3
Left-Green Movement V 7,318 20.92% 2 1 3
Pirate Party P 6,663 19.04% 2 1 3
Viðreisn C 4,064 11.62% 1 0 1
Bright Future A 2,673 7.64% 1 0 1
Progressive Party B 1,988 5.68% 0 0 0
Social Democratic Alliance S 1,822 5.21% 0 0 0
People's Party F 1,321 3.78% 0 0 0
Dawn T 496 1.42% 0 0 0
People's Front of Iceland R 104 0.30% 0 0 0
Valid Votes 34,988 100.00% 9 2 11
Blank Votes 700 1.95%
Rejected Votes – Other 175 0.49%
Total Polled 35,863 77.88%
Registered Electors 46,051

The following candidates were elected:[28]

2013
[edit]

Results of the 2013 parliamentary election held on 27 April 2013:[29][30][31][32]

Party Votes % Seats
Con. Com. Tot.
Independence Party D 8,187 23.36% 3 0 3
Progressive Party B 5,759 16.43% 2 0 2
Left-Green Movement V 5,493 15.67% 2 0 2
Social Democratic Alliance S 4,996 14.25% 1 1 2
Bright Future A 3,576 10.20% 1 0 1
Pirate Party Þ 2,407 6.87% 0 1 1
Iceland Democratic Party L 1,398 3.99% 0 0 0
Households Party I 1,289 3.68% 0 0 0
Dawn T 1,073 3.06% 0 0 0
Right-Green People's Party G 556 1.59% 0 0 0
Rainbow J 181 0.52% 0 0 0
Humanist Party H 71 0.20% 0 0 0
People's Front of Iceland R 64 0.18% 0 0 0
Valid Votes 35,050 100.00% 9 2 11
Blank Votes 767 2.13%
Rejected Votes – Other 146 0.41%
Total Polled 35,963 79.00%
Registered Electors 45,523

The following candidates were elected:[32]

2000s

[edit]
2009
[edit]

Results of the 2009 parliamentary election held on 25 April 2009:[33][34][35]

Party Votes % Seats
Con. Com. Tot.
Social Democratic Alliance S 11,568 32.94% 3 1 4
Left-Green Movement V 8,432 24.01% 2 1 3
Independence Party D 7,508 21.38% 2 0 2
Progressive Party B 3,375 9.61% 1 0 1
Citizens' Movement O 3,357 9.56% 1 0 1
Liberal Party F 556 1.58% 0 0 0
Democracy Movement P 325 0.93% 0 0 0
Valid Votes 35,121 100.00% 9 2 11
Blank Votes 1,145 3.14%
Rejected Votes – Other 174 0.48%
Total Polled 36,440 83.26%
Registered Electors 43,767

The following candidates were elected:[35]

2007
[edit]

Results of the 2007 parliamentary election held on 12 May 2007:[36][37][38]

Party Votes % Seats
Con. Com. Tot.
Independence Party D 12,760 36.41% 4 0 4
Social Democratic Alliance S 10,248 29.24% 3 2 5
Left-Green Movement V 5,928 16.92% 2 0 2
Liberal Party F 2,216 6.32% 0 0 0
Progressive Party B 2,186 6.24% 0 0 0
Icelandic Movement – Living Country I 1,706 4.87% 0 0 0
Valid Votes 35,044 100.00% 9 2 11
Blank Votes 510 1.43%
Rejected Votes – Other 71 0.20%
Total Polled 35,625 81.42%
Registered Electors 43,756

The following candidates were elected:[38]

2003
[edit]

Results of the 2003 parliamentary election held on 10 May 2003:[39][40][41]

Party Votes % Seats
Con. Com. Tot.
Social Democratic Alliance S 13,110 36.27% 4 0 4
Independence Party D 12,833 35.50% 3 1 4
Progressive Party B 4,199 11.62% 1 1 2
Left-Green Movement U 3,537 9.79% 1 0 1
Liberal Party F 2,002 5.54% 0 0 0
New Force N 464 1.28% 0 0 0
Valid Votes 36,145 100.00% 9 2 11
Blank Votes 339 0.93%
Rejected Votes – Other 131 0.36%
Total Polled 36,615 85.53%
Registered Electors 42,812

The following candidates were elected:[41]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Excludes compensatory seats.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Alþingismenn - Þingmenn og embætti" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Helgason, Thorkell (November 2013). "Apportionment of Seats to Althingi, the Icelandic Parliament" (PDF). Reykjavík, Iceland: National Electoral Commission of Iceland. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  3. ^ "Kjördæmaskipun á tímum ráðgjafarþinganna 1843–1874" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  4. ^ "Kjördæmaskipan á tímum Alþingis með takmarkað löggjafarvald 1874–1918" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  5. ^ a b "Kjördæmaskipan fullvalda konungsríkis 1918–1944" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  6. ^ a b "Kjördæmaskipan lýðveldisins frá 1944" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  7. ^ "Skýrsla forsætisráðherra um endurskoðun á kjördæmaskipun og tilhögun kosninga til Alþingis" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  8. ^ a b "Stjórnarskipunarlög um breytingu á stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslands, nr. 33/1944, með síðari breytingum" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 16 September 2024. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  9. ^ a b c "Lög um kosningar til Alþingis" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  10. ^ "Election for Icelandic Parliament". Election Guide. Arlington, U.S.A.: International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  11. ^ "Electoral Assistance: ElecData, Compendium of Electoral Data - Iceland". Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  12. ^ Helgason, Thorkell (November 2013). "Apportionment of Seats to Althingi, the Icelandic Parliament" (PDF). Reykjavík, Iceland: National Electoral Commission of Iceland. p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  13. ^ a b "Iceland: Althingi (Parliament)". PARLINE database on national parliaments. Geneva, Switzerland: Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  14. ^ Helgason, Thorkell (November 2013). "Apportionment of Seats to Althingi, the Icelandic Parliament" (PDF). Reykjavík, Iceland: National Electoral Commission of Iceland. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  15. ^ Bengtsson, Å.; Hansen, K. M.; Harðarson, Ó. Þ.; Narud, H. M.; Oscarsson, H. (2014). The Nordic Voter: Myths of Exceptionalism. Colchester, U.K.: ECPR Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-907301-25-4. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  16. ^ Helgason, Thorkell (November 2013). "Apportionment of Seats to Althingi, the Icelandic Parliament" (PDF). Reykjavík, Iceland: National Electoral Commission of Iceland. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  17. ^ "Skýrsla til landskjörstjórnar og Hagstofu Íslands samkvæmt 108. gr. laga nr. 112/2021 frá yfirkjörstjórn í Reykjavikurkjördæmi norður við kosningar til Alþingis hinn 30. nóvember 2024" (PDF). National Electoral Commission of Iceland (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Yfirkjörstjórn í Reykjavíkurkjördæmi norður. p. 1. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  18. ^ "Kosningaskýrsla Landskjörstjórnar: Útreikningur á úthlutun þingsæta við alþingiskosningar 30. nóvember 2024" (PDF) (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: National Electoral Commission of Iceland. 10 December 2024. p. 40. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  19. ^ "Skýrsla til landskjörstjórnar og Hagstofu Íslands samkvæmt ákvæðum 105. gr. og 116. gr. laga nr. 24/2000,með síðari breytingum frá yfirkjörstjórn í Reykjavíkurkjördæmi norður við kosningar til Alþingis 25. september 2021" (PDF). National Electoral Commission of Iceland (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Yfirkjörstjórn í Reykjavíkurkjördæmi norður. 26 September 2021. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  20. ^ "Útreikningur á úthlutun þingsæta við alþingiskosningar 25. september 2021" (PDF) (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: National Electoral Commission of Iceland. 30 September 2021. p. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  21. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 28. október 2017" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 102, no. 27. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 21 December 2017. p. 22. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  22. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 28. október 2017" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 102, no. 27. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 21 December 2017. p. 25. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  23. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 28. október 2017" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 102, no. 27. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 21 December 2017. p. 7. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  24. ^ a b "Alþingiskosningar 28. október 2017" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 102, no. 27. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 21 December 2017. p. 41. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  25. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 29. október 2016" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 101, no. 35. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 20 December 2016. p. 22. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  26. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 29. október 2016" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 101, no. 35. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 20 December 2016. p. 25. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  27. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 29. október 2016" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 101, no. 35. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 20 December 2016. p. 7. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  28. ^ a b "Alþingiskosningar 29. október 2016" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 101, no. 35. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 20 December 2016. p. 42. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  29. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 27. apríl 2013" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 100, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 24 February 2015. p. 19. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  30. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 27. apríl 2013" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 100, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 24 February 2015. p. 22. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  31. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 27. apríl 2013" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 100, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 24 February 2015. p. 6. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  32. ^ a b "Alþingiskosningar 27. apríl 2013" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 100, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 24 February 2015. p. 35. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  33. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 25. apríl 2009" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 95, no. 13. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 3 March 2010. p. 15. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  34. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 25. apríl 2009" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 95, no. 13. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 3 March 2010. p. 19. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  35. ^ a b "Alþingiskosningar 25. apríl 2009" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 95, no. 13. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 3 March 2010. p. 30. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  36. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 12. maí 2007" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 93, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 15 January 2008. p. 15. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  37. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 12. maí 2007" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 93, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 15 January 2008. p. 19. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  38. ^ a b "Alþingiskosningar 12. maí 2007" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 93, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 15 January 2008. p. 31. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  39. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 10. maí 2003" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 89, no. 62. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 27 December 2004. p. 14. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  40. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 10. maí 2003" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 89, no. 62. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 27 December 2004. p. 17. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  41. ^ a b "Alþingiskosningar 10. maí 2003" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 89, no. 62. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 27 December 2004. p. 27. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
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