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Rahman Baba

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For the school in Kabul, Afghanistan, see Rahman Baba High School.

Abdul Rahman Momand
Manuscript painting of Rahman Baba, commissioned by Abdullah Khan Alkozai, 1798
Manuscript painting of Rahman Baba, commissioned by Abdullah Khan Alkozai, 1798
Native name
عبدالرحمن
Bornc. 1632 CE (1042 AH)
Peshawar, Mughal Empire (present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)
Diedc. 1706 CE (1118 AH; aged 73–74)
Peshawar, Mughal Empire (present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)
Resting placePeshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
OccupationSufi Saint
GenrePashto poetry
SubjectSufism
Notable worksDīwān
RelativesAbdus Sattar Ghoryakhel (father)

Abdur Rahmān Momand (Pashto: عبدالرحمان بابا; c. 1632 – 1706)[1] or Rahmān Bābā (Pashto: رحمان بابا), was a renowned Afghan[2][3] Sufi Saint, member of Sufi Dervish and poet from Peshawar (present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan) during the Mughal era. He, along with his contemporary Khushal Khan Khattak, is considered among the most popular poets of the Pashto language.[4] His poetry expresses the mystical side of Islam, in line with his Sufi-oriented nature.[5]

Rahman's lineage

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Rahman Baba was born in a Momand sub-tribe of the Ghoryakhel Pashtuns. Rahman apparently lived peacefully in the area, and never mentions his involvement in the fierce intertribal conflicts of his day.

Opinion is divided about Rahman's family background.[6] Several commentators are convinced that his family was village Malik (chieftains).[6] However, Rahman Baba was more likely to have been a simple, though learned man. As he himself exclaimed: "Though the wealthy drink water from a golden cup, I prefer this clay bowl of mine."[7]

Illustrated page from a diwan (poetry collection) of the Pashtun Sufi poet Rahman Baba

Abdur Rahman Baba died in 1706 CE, and his tomb is housed in a large domed shrine, or mazar, on the southern outskirts of Peshawar (Ring Road Hazar Khwani). The site of his grave is a popular place for poets and mystics to gather to recite his popular poetry. In April each year, there is a larger gathering to celebrate his anniversary.

Religious background

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Rahman Baba was an ascetic but various unfounded theories have been made about who Rahman's guide may have been, and to which Sufi order he was attached. Sabir suggests that Rahman had a Naqshbandi tariqa initiation in Kohat, as well as training from the sons of Pir Baba[citation needed]: while Schimmel and Saad Ahmed Baksh assign Rahman to the Chishti order.[8] Aqab, himself of the Qadiriyyah order, claims Rahman was a Qadiri. Some people claims that he (Rahman Baba) was a pure Hanafi

Published work

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Folio of a Diwan-i-Rahman manuscript (Diwan-i-Rahman IO Islamic 2765)

A collection of Rahman's poetry, called the Dīwān ("anthology") of Rahman Baba, contains 343 poems, most of which are written in his native Pashto. The Dīwān of Rahman Baba was in wide circulation by 1728. There are over 25 original hand-written manuscripts of the Dīwān scattered in various libraries worldwide, including ten in the Pashto Academy in Peshawar, four in the British Library, three in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris, as well as copies in the John Rylands Library in Manchester, the Bodleian Library in Oxford and the University Library Aligath. The first printed version was collected by the Anglican Missionary T.P. Hughes and printed in Lahore in 1877.[9] It is this version which remains the most commonly used to this day.

Reputation

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"Rahman Baba has received a large amount of praise. His work is regarded by many Pashtuns to be far more than poetry and next only to the Quran."[10]

Selected verses from Rahman Baba's Diwan translated into English rhyme

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About 111 verses were translated into English Rhyme and published by Arbab Hidayatullah, himself a Ghoryakhel Momand, in 2009. The original Pashto version has been transliterated into the Roman alphabet in order to make it easier to read for those who can not read the Pashto alphabet. This translation, with a tilt to the romantic side of Rahman Baba's poetry, has been very well received.[citation needed]

Shrine

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After his demise, poets, musicians and singers flocked to his gravesite annually. This annual congregation attained a festive status over the years which has carried on as part of Peshawar's rich cultural tradition to this day. However, on 5 March 2009, "militants" bombed Rahman Baba's tomb in Peshawar.[11][12] "The high intensity device almost destroyed the grave, gates of a mosque, canteen and conference hall situated in the Rehman Baba Complex. Police said the bombers had tied explosives around the pillars of the tombs, to pull down the mausoleum".[13] The shrine reopened in November 2012 after Rs. 39 million reconstruction.[14]

Urs Mubarak

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Every year on 4 April people from different part of Pakistan and Afghanistan visit Shrine of Rahman Baba to celebrate Urs Mubarak.

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Rahman Baba High School in Kabul, Afghanistan
  • H. G. Raverty, The Gulistan-i-Roh: Afghan Poetry and Prose
  • H. G. Raverty, Selections from the Poetry of the Afghans, from the 16th to the 19th Century
  • Abdur Rahman Baba, Robert Sampson, and Momin Khan. The Poetry of Rahman Baba: Poet of the Pukhtuns. Translated by Robert Sampson and Momin Khan. Peshawar: University Book Agency, 2005.
  • Robert Sampson. "The Poetry of Rahman Baba: The Gentle Side of Pushtun Consciousness." Central Asia 52 (2003): 213–228.
  • Robert Sampson and Momin Khan. Sow Flowers: Selections from Rahman Baba, the Poet of the Afghans. Peshawar: Interlit Foundation, 2008.
  • Robert Sampson. "The War on Poetry: Snuffing out Folk Tradition Along the Pakistan-Afghan Border." The Frontier Post, 7 December 2008.
  • Abdur Raḥmān Baba, Jens Enevoldsen, "The Nightingale of Peshawar: Selections from Rahman Baba." Interlit Foundation, 1993.
  • Abdur Raḥmān Baba. "Rahman Baba: A Few Verses from His Deewan." Translated into English Rhyme by Hidayatullah Muhibkhel Arbab Mohmand.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Journal of the University of Peshawar". 3 (8). 1954: 92. Retrieved 20 February 2017. The exact dates of his birth and death are not known, but it is conjectured that he was born in 1042 H and died in 1118 H. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ^ House, Roy Temple (1946). Books Abroad - Volume 20. University of Oklahoma. ... and most popular, of Afghan poets is Abdur Rahman . A member of the Momand tribe
  3. ^ J. Rogal, Samuel J. Rogal (1991). Calendar of Literary Facts: A Daily and Yearly Guide to Noteworthy Events in World Literature from 1450 to the Present. Gale Research. Abdurrahman Momand ( b . 1650 ? ) . Afghan religious poet; his poetry reflected his piety and love of God
  4. ^ Sampson, Robert. "Abdu'l Rahmān Bābā: The Legacy of His Poetry in Expressing Divergent Islamic Theology in Pushtūn Society." M.A. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003.
  5. ^ Sampson, Robert. "The Poetry of Rahman Baba: The Gentle Side of Pushtun Consciousness." Central Asia 52 (2003): 213–228.
  6. ^ a b RB-P Archived 3 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
  7. ^ D 135/9.
  8. ^ Annemarie Schimmel, 'Der Sufische Pakistanie', 1974, p 109 & etc
  9. ^ Rahman Baba, Abdu'l, Robert Sampson, and Momin Khan. The Poetry of Rahman Baba: Poet of the Pukhtuns. Translated by Robert Sampson and Momin Khan. Peshawar: University Book Agency, 2005.
  10. ^ "Rahman Baba: Poet of the Pashtuns". BBC News. 21 February 2005. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
  11. ^ Imtiaz, Saba (26 June 2010). "Revisiting Rahman Baba's shrine". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
  12. ^ "Militants bomb ancient shrine in Pakistan". NBC News. 5 March 2009. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
  13. ^ And now Sunni vs Sunni Riaz ul Hassan| circa July 2010
  14. ^ Khan, Javed Aziz (21 November 2012). "Rahman Baba shrine re-opens". Central Asia Online. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
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