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IAIO Qaher-313

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Qaher-313
Qaher-313 prior to being reworked as an unmanned aerial vehicle
Role Unmanned aerial vehicle
National origin Iran
Manufacturer HESA / SAHA
Status Under development

The IAIO Qaher-313 (Persian: قاهر-۳۱۳; also Ghaher-313, Conqueror (Tamer)-313, Q-313, F-313) is a planned Iranian stealth unmanned aerial vehicle. Originally intended to be a manned single-seat fighter aircraft, the Qaher-313 was publicly announced on 1 February 2013. A press presentation about the project was made by President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Defense Minister Ahmad Vahidi on 2 February 2013, as part of the Ten-Day Dawn ceremonies.[citation needed] Independent experts have expressed significant doubts about the viability of the aircraft. In early 2023, Iranian media reported that the Qaher-313 was being reworked from a manned fighter aircraft into an unmanned aerial vehicle.[1]

Design and development

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Manned fighter aircraft

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According to Iranian government sources, the F-313 Qaher was designed and is indigenously produced in Iran by the Iran Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO), a division of the Ministry of Defense, and IRIAF. The project manager is Hassan Parvaneh.[2][3]

The aircraft design is a canard configuration. It is described as a stealth fighter built with advanced materials, a very low radar signature[4] and with low-altitude operations capability.[5] Qaher can carry either two 2,000-pound (910 kg) bombs, multiple smaller smart guided missiles, or at least 6 PL-12 type air-to-air missiles.[6] It features a downward wingtip device which Flight Global noted vaguely resembles the Boeing Bird of Prey prototype, but with a more faceted design similar to the 1970s-era Lockheed Have Blue that was developed into the now retired F-117 Nighthawk. Flight Global also said, "given the apparent small size of the aircraft and its single engine design, the Qaher 313 could be powered by reverse engineered variants of the General Electric J85 turbojet that Iran is known to have in its possession."[3] Iran has General Electric J85s as well as a dozen other jet engines as a result of old Northrop F-5s and other American aircraft in its inventory from pre-1979 as well as newer engines from Russia and China. Iran also builds various turbine engines like the Toloue-4 and Toloue-5 for its UAVs.[citation needed] Iran claims they have designed the aircraft using CATIA three-dimensional interactive design software and tested it using simulation software including Gambit numerical grid generation software, fluent flow analysis and simulation software, CFD models[6] and that they have additionally tested the aerodynamics using small sized jet and propeller flying models.[7]

The aircraft was reportedly designed with extra stability and so does not need a fly-by-wire (FBW) system.[8]

A prototype version of the Qaher-313 was portrayed to have test-flown at some point before the presentation.[9] According to the head of the design team, two sub-sized models have been created and tested. One of the models uses a propeller engine while the other uses a small micro jet engine.[7] The models were shown in a video clip (along with descriptions by the head of the design team) the same day.[10] According to Haaretz, the "blurry video published by the Iranians purporting to show the Qaher 313 in flight seems to show not a manned fighter jet but a small radio-operated drone"[11] which agrees with what the designers said about the videos at the Qaher-313 introduction ceremony.

On 10 February 2013, the Iranian Minister of Defense said the claims made by the foreign media about the project are inaccurate and that the engine used by the design had been successfully tested. He also confirmed that the aircraft had not yet been flown, but that taxi and flight tests will occur in the near future.[12]

On 5 March 2017, Iranian Defense Minister Brigadier General Hossein Dehghan stated that the Qaher-313 was ready for flight testing. It was described by the Fars News Agency as a "logistic aircraft for short distances" and a "light fighter jet used for military and training operations".[13]

On 15 April 2017, the prototype Qaher-313 conducted taxi tests.[citation needed] This prototype, designated "08", introduced a number of changes over the models previously showcased, most notably an enlarged cockpit, dual jet exhausts, and a FLIR turret in the nose.[14]

Unveiling ceremony of Qaher-313 fighter

Unmanned aerial vehicle

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Qaher-313 in 2017

The managing director of the Iran Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO), a subsidiary of the Defense Ministry, announced in a televised interview on 18 February 2023 that the fighter had reached technical maturity but would be reworked and fielded as an unmanned drone rather than a manned aircraft to adapt it to the requirements of Iranian military units, first deliveries would be made in the middle of 2024.[15] No development progress had been publicly demonstrated since taxi trials took place in 2017.[16]

Doubts of viability of aircraft

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Iran's first stealth fighter Qaher 313
Four-view of Qaher-313

There has been no independent verification of the status of development of this aircraft and some commentators have even claimed that the aircraft is a hoax, or a "laughable fake".[17] Media sources outside of Iran have raised the possibility that the demonstrated aircraft would not be able to meet stated performance and / or that it may be a scale prototype or mockup,[11][18][19][20] with Cyrus Amini, a BBC News Persian Service journalist[21] claiming that the aircraft "looks like a cheap copy of the American F22".[4] Iran does not release technical details on its arsenals, so many of its claims about the aircraft are impossible to verify.[22]

According to Flight Global, unnamed Israeli experts say the "indigenous fighter jet" Iran presented on 2 February is nothing more than a "very sleek plastic model". Further, the canopy appears to be constructed of "basic plastic," the air intakes are unusually small and "The whole impression is of some plastic parts pasted to an old flying platform". One expert says the cockpit and ejection seat seem real, but the Qaher-313 displayed seemed too small to be a capable fighter. A photo of the cockpit shows a simple glass cockpit design using civilian avionics from Dynon Avionics and Garmin, which are normally found on much less sophisticated general aviation aircraft. The markings on the backup airspeed indicator in this photo seem unrealistic, suggesting a stall speed in landing configuration of merely 70 knots (130 km/h; 81 mph) and a never exceed speed of about 260 knots (480 km/h; 300 mph); values more likely to be found on a small turboprop aircraft.[23] Video footage showing the plane airborne could have been a radio-controlled model aircraft. Poor-quality footage posted on the internet provided no sense of scale for the platform being flown and also failed to show its take-off or landing. Its stealth claims have also been called into question, having no visible weapons carrying capability, either internally or externally.[24][25] Iran has stated that the videos are of small radio controlled jet and propeller models and not the full size airplane. Furthermore, the animation provided by the designers shows two internal weapons bay under the wings.[7]

The Times of Israel labelled the aircraft "a hoax". Israeli aeronautics expert Tal Inbar claimed "It’s not a plane, because that’s not how a real plane looks. Iran doesn’t have the ability to build planes. Plain and simple."[citation needed] Military aviation journalist David Cenciotti[26] stated that the aircraft has "implausible aerodynamics and Hollywood sheen", claimed that it is too small to be a real fighter jet and that the cockpit was too simple and was "similar to those equipping small private planes".[25]

One Israeli aerospace engineer speaking anonymously to The Times of Israel indicated that while the aircraft displayed was obviously not a flying example, it did show advanced stealth features and that the design could be capable of high maneuverability. He stated that while the aircraft lacked bomb-carrying provisions it could be an effective interceptor. He concluded, Iran needs "a defensive interceptor that gives them the element of surprise, and it is big enough to carry real air-to-air missiles."[25]


See also

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References

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  1. ^ "عکس دیده نشده از حالت بدون سرنشین پهپاد قاهر ۳۱۳" [Unseen photo of the unmanned state of Qahir 313 drone]. www.etemadonline.com (in Persian). 20 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  2. ^ "Iran unveils advanced fighter jet F-313". The Economic Times (India). 2 February 2013. p. 6. Archived from the original (slideshow) on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  3. ^ a b Majumdar, Dave (3 February 2013). "Iran reveals new Qaher 313 stealth fighter". Flightglobal.com. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  4. ^ a b Cyrus Amini (2 February 2013). "Qaher F313: Iran unveils home-made 'stealth' fighter" (report with video). BBC Persian. BBC News Online. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  5. ^ "Iran unveils domestically built fighter jet". Emirates 24/7. AFP. 2 February 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  6. ^ a b Top 10 F-313 most important features, Iran: Mehr News Agency, 4 February 2013, archived from the original on 9 February 2013, retrieved 6 February 2013
  7. ^ a b c مراسم إزاحة الستار غن المقاتلة الايرانية " قاهر 313 [Qaher-313 Inauguration Ceremony] (video). TV14VIP (in Arabic). Tehran: YouTube. 2 February 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  8. ^ David Cenciotti (The Aviationist) (5 February 2013), "Iran Is Desperately Defending Its Non-Flying 'Stealth Jet", Military & Defense, Business Insider, retrieved 6 February 2013
  9. ^ Amadinejad Ahmadinejad unveiled Iran's new fighter jet "Ghaher 313" (video). Lenziran Newsvideo (in Persian). YouTube. 2 February 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  10. ^ "Qaher-313 (Persian)" (video). Jovan Vukovic (in Persian). Tehran: YouTube. 2 February 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  11. ^ a b "Turkey: U.S. Embassy bomber was convicted of terrorism in 1997". Haaretz. Reuters, Associated Press. 2 February 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013. A closer look at the example presented to the regime's leaders, including President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Defense Minister Ahmad Vahidi, looks like little more than a glorified mock-up that seems to have been built with leftover props from a cheap science-fiction flick. [...] The blurry video published by the Iranians purporting to show the Qaher 313 in flight seems to show not a manned fighter jet but a small radio-operated drone.
  12. ^ "رونمایی از جدیدترین پهپاد ایران در خرداد 92/ساخت 20 نوع پهپاد در کشور". Iran: Iranian Students News Agency. 10 February 2013. Retrieved 10 February 2013.
  13. ^ "DM: Operational Tests on Iranian Version of S-300 Air Defense Shield Due in May". Fars News Agency. 5 March 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
  14. ^ Cenciotti, David (15 April 2017). "New Photos And Video of Iran's Homemade F-313 "Qaher" Stealth Jet Have Just Emerged. And Here's A First Analysis". TheAviationist.com. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  15. ^ Tasnim News Agency (19 February 2023). "Iranian Fighter Jet to Become Unmanned Aircraft". tasnimnews.com. Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  16. ^ Fars News Agency (19 February 2023). "Iran to Showcase Unmanned Version of Home-Made Jet "Qaher-313"". farsnews.ir. Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  17. ^ Soltis, Andy (8 February 2013). "Aviation experts say new Iranian stealth jet is a pathetic hoax that can't even fly". NYPOST.com. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  18. ^ "Iran unveils new indigenous stealth fighter "Qaher 313". And here's a detailed analysis". The Aviationist. 2 February 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  19. ^ Anshel Pfeffer (2 February 2013). המפציץ החמקן האיראני – כנראה מטוס דמה שלא מסוגל לטוס [Iranian stealth bomber – probably a dummy plane that cannot fly] (in Hebrew). Haaretz. Retrieved 2 February 2013. השאלה הרצינית היחידה שמעלה הצגת המטוס, שכמעט בוודאות מעולם לא הופיע על שולחן השרטוט של מהנדס אווירונאוטי, אבל ללא ספק דרש אלפי שעות הפקה של אנשי התעמולה של המשטר, הוא על מי האיראנים מנסים לעבוד? [The only serious question raised by the display of the plane, that almost certainly never appeared on the drawing board of an aeronautical engineer, but certainly demanded thousands of production hours of the regime's propaganda, is who are the Iranians trying to deceive?]Google translation
  20. ^ "Iranian technology: Domestic triumph or monkey business?" (in Hebrew). Israel HaYom. 3 February 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2013. Officials in Israel's defense establishment cast doubt on the capabilities of the F-313. "Without knowing too much, it looks like the plane has many flaws. Developing a fighter jet is not a simple task. It's quite unlikely that this plane will be a cause of concern for the Israeli Air Force..."
  21. ^ "EU's Lady Ashton given 'cover-up' in Iran press" Cyrus Amini
  22. ^ "Ahmadinejad unveils Iran's newest fighter jet". AP. 2 February 2013. Archived from the original on 6 February 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  23. ^ Siyahgribeyaz.com – İran'ın "Volksjäger" Tasarımı Hakkında / Observations on Iran's Volksjäger design (Turkish). Article retrieved 9 February 2012.
  24. ^ Egozi, Arie (4 February 2013). "Israeli experts dismiss Iran's Qaher fighter claims". Tel Aviv: Flightglobal.com. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
  25. ^ a b c Ben Zion, Ilan (3 February 2013). "Iran's cutting-edge fighter a hoax, critics claim". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
  26. ^ "David Cenciotti" David Cenciotti profile
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