Portal:Chemistry/Selected picture
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[edit]Portal:Chemistry/Selected picture/1
Credit: Greatpatton
Gallium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ga and atomic number 31. A rare, soft silvery metallic poor metal, gallium is a brittle solid at low temperatures but liquefies slightly above room temperature and indeed will melt in the hand. It occurs in trace amounts in bauxite and zinc ores. An important application is in the compound gallium arsenide, used as a semiconductor, most notably in light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
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Friedrich Wöhler (July 31, 1800 - September 23, 1882) was a German chemist, -known for his synthesis of urea, but also the first to isolate several of the elements. In 1828 Wöhler proved by his preparation of urea from inorganic materials that organic substances do not have to come from biological sources, disproving the doctrine of vitalism.
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Manganese(II) chloride is an ionic salt that is the only stable chloride of manganese. It occurs naturally as the mineral scacchite, and it is a weak Lewis acid.
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Triosephosphate isomerase, also called TIM, is an enzyme that catalyzes the rapid isomerisation of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
Portal:Chemistry/Selected picture/5
Paclitaxel is an important drug used for the treatment of cancer. Its complex structure provided a challenging target for its total synthesis by the Nicolaou group. The colors indicate the approach they used.
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Credit: Ikar.us
The petroleum industry is an important supplier of chemical feedstocks. The picture shows gas storage tanks at the MiRO oil refinery in Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Credit: Stephanb
Copper(II) sulfate is one of the most familiar compounds of copper. It also occurs naturally as the mineral chalcanthite. It is commonly used in schools for growing crystals. The pictured substance is the pentahydrate form.
Portal:Chemistry/Selected picture/8
Chemist Otto Hahn and physicist Lise Meitner collaborated on radiochemistry for thirty years in Berlin. In 1918 they discovered the first long-lived isotope of protactinium, and they are also both credited for the 1938 discovery of nuclear fission. Hahn went on to win the 1944 Nobel Prize for Chemistry alone, but Meitner is regarded as having provided the explanation for Hahn's observations. Meitner had fled Nazi Germany in 1938, preventing joint publication. She is now commemorated in element no. 109, meitnerium.
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Credit: Jean-Pol Grandmont
The conversion of limestone to quicklime (calcium oxide) was first carried out in Ancient Egypt but the process remains important even today. The picture shows a traditional limekiln near Antoing in Belgium.
Portal:Chemistry/Selected picture/10
Credit: Polimerek
Gas chromatography is an important type of chromatography used in chemical analysis. A volatile substance or mixture is injected and carried down a column (the coil shown) to a detector, which records the amount and the time on the column for each component. An oven (shown here with the door open) maintains the column at a desired temperature.
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Credit: Gregory Maxwell
This award winning picture of a ferrofluid (in oil) shows the magnetic field near a powerful magnet.
Portal:Chemistry/Selected picture/12
Credit: Harriet Moore
Portal:Chemistry/Selected picture/13
Malachite is a carbonate mineral, copper(II) carbonate hydroxide Cu2CO3(OH)2. It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system, and most often forms botryoidal, fibrous, or stalagmitic masses. Its beauty may be seen most strikingly in the Malachite Room at the Hermitage in Saint Petersburg.
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Credit: Gregory Phillips
Labradorite ((Ca,Na)(Al,Si)4O8) is a feldspar mineral of the plagioclase series. Here, a piece of labradorite displays a typical iridescence, termed labradorescence, caused by the refraction of light within the crystal. Gemstone varieties of labradorite exhibit high degrees of iridescence, and are called spectrolites, moonstones or sunstones.
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Credit: User:Debivort
Activation energy is the energy that must be overcome for a chemical reaction to occur. Here, the sparks generated by striking steel against a flint provide the activation energy to initiate combustion in a Bunsen burner. The blue flame will sustain itself after the sparks are extinguished because the continued combustion of the flame is now energetically favorable.
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Credit: User:Mstroeck
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an allotrope of carbon. They take the form of cylindrical carbon molecules and have novel properties that make them potentially useful in a wide variety of applications in nanotechnology, electronics, optics and other fields of materials science. They exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties, and are efficient conductors of heat.
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Credit: Alchemist-hp
Three bars of pure vanadium in various states of oxidation made using the crystal bar process, and a 1 cm3 cube of it for comparison.
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Credit: User:Spiff
Carbonation occurs when carbon dioxide is dissolved in water or an aqueous solution. This process yields the "fizz" to carbonated water and sparkling mineral water, the head to beer, and the cork pop and bubbles to champagne and sparkling wine. In the image, bubbles of carbon dioxide float to the surface of a carbonated soft drink.
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Aerogel is a low-density solid-state material derived from gel in which the liquid component of the gel has been replaced with gas. The result is an extremely low density solid with several remarkable properties, most notably its effectiveness as a thermal insulator. It is also very strong structurally, able to hold over 2000 times its own weight. Its impressive load bearing abilities are due to the dendritic microstructure. In the image, a 2.5kg brick is supported by a piece of aerogel weighing only 2.38 grams.
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Allotrope is the ability of a chemical to exhibit a number of different and physically distinct forms in its pure elemental state. The element carbon displays many allotropic forms, 8 of which are displayed here. They are (a) diamond, (b) graphite, (c) lonsdaleite, (d) buckminsterfullerene, (e) C540, (f) C70, (g) amorphous carbon and (h) a single walled carbon nanotube.
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Photo: Alchemist-hp
A bismuth crystal covered with an iridescent oxide surface. Bismuth is a post-transition metal with the atomic number 83. It is generally considered to be the last naturally occurring stable, non-radioactive element on the periodic table, although it is actually slightly radioactive. Bismuth compounds are used in cosmetics, medicines, and in medical procedures. As the toxicity of lead has become more apparent in recent years, alloy uses for bismuth metal as a replacement for lead have become an increasing part of bismuth's commercial importance.
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