Portal:1970s

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P:1970s

The 1970s (pronounced "nineteen-seventies"; commonly shortened to the "Seventies" or the "'70s") was a decade that began on January 1, 1970, and ended on December 31, 1979.

In the 21st century, historians have increasingly portrayed the 1970s as a "pivot of change" in world history, focusing especially on the economic upheavals^[1] that followed the end of the postwar economic boom.^[2] On a global scale, it was characterized by frequent coups, domestic conflicts and civil wars, and various political upheavals and armed conflicts which arose from or were related to decolonization, and the global struggle between NATO, the Warsaw Pact, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Many regions had periods of high-intensity conflict, notably Southeast Asia, the Mideast, and Africa.

In the Western world, social progressive values that began in the 1960s, such as increasing political awareness and economic liberty of women, continued to grow. In the United Kingdom, the 1979 election resulted in the victory of its Conservative leader Margaret Thatcher, the first female British Prime Minister. Industrialized countries experienced an economic recession due to an oil crisis caused by oil embargoes by the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries. The crisis saw the first instance of stagflation which began a political and economic trend of the replacement of Keynesian economic theory with neoliberal economic theory, with the first neoliberal government coming to power with the 1973 Chilean coup d'état. The 1970s was also an era of great technological and scientific advances; since the appearance of the first commercial microprocessor, the Intel 4004 in 1971, the decade was characterised by a profound transformation of computing units – by then rudimentary, spacious machines – into the realm of portability and home accessibility.

On the other hand, there were also great advances in fields such as physics, which saw the consolidation of quantum field theory at the end of the decade, mainly thanks to the confirmation of the existence of quarks and the detection of the first gauge bosons in addition to the photon, the Z boson and the gluon, part of what was christened in 1975 as the Standard Model.

In Asia, the People's Republic of China's international relations changed significantly following its recognition by the United Nations, the death of Mao Zedong and the beginning of market liberalization by Mao's successors. Despite facing an oil crisis due to the OPEC embargo, the economy of Japan witnessed a large boom in this period, overtaking the economy of West Germany to become the second-largest in the world.^[3] The United States withdrew its military forces from the Vietnam War. In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, which led to the Soviet–Afghan War.

The 1970s saw an initial increase in violence in the Middle East as Egypt and Syria declared war on Israel, but in the late 1970s, the situation in the Middle East was fundamentally altered when Egypt signed the Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty. Political tensions in Iran exploded with the Iranian Revolution in 1979, which overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty and established an Islamic republic under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini.

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Robin Hood is a 1973 American animated musical adventure comedy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by Buena Vista Distribution. Produced and directed by Wolfgang Reitherman, it is based on the English folktale "Robin Hood". Taking place in a world populated by anthropomorphic animals, the story follows the adventures of Robin Hood, Little John, and the inhabitants of Nottingham as they fight against the excessive taxation of Prince John, and Robin Hood wins the hand of Maid Marian. The film features the voices of Brian Bedford, Phil Harris, Peter Ustinov, Pat Buttram, Monica Evans, Terry-Thomas, Roger Miller, and Carole Shelley.

The idea to adapt Robin Hood into an animated feature was dated back to Walt Disney's interest in the tale of Reynard the Fox following the release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The idea was repeatedly shelved for several decades. In 1968, Ken Anderson pitched a film adaptation of Robin Hood, incorporating ideas from Reynard the Fox by using anthropomorphic animals rather than humans. The project was approved, becoming the first completely "post-Walt" animated feature and the first with an entirely non-human cast. (Full article...)

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... that Cathie Dunsford was unable to find many books about lesbianism in the 1970s, but by the 1980s had herself become a writer and anthologist of lesbian literature?
... that during the 1960s and 1970s, American artist Robert Bauer painted figures that were a mixture of 20th-century avant-garde funk and 17th-century Dutch realism?
... that health economist Selma Mushkin estimated in the early 1970s that up to 50 percent of poor children in Washington, D.C., were affected by lead poisoning?
... that in the 1970s, the Shelton Hotel avoided demolition after seven elderly residents and a secretary refused to move out?
... that American teenagers of the 1960s and 1970s used to chat and arrange dates over the sound of the busy signal?
... that a Nebraska public radio station operated from a 1916-built Carnegie library in the 1970s and 1980s?

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Muldoon in 1978

Sir Robert David Muldoon GCMG CH PC (/mʌlˈduːn/; 25 September 1921 – 5 August 1992) was a New Zealand conservative politician who served as the 31st prime minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party. Departing from National Party convention, Muldoon was a right-wing populist and economic nationalist, with a distinctive public persona described as reactionary, aggressive, and abrasive.

After a troubled childhood, Muldoon served as a corporal and sergeant in the army in the Second World War. After a career as a cost accountant, he was elected to the House of Representatives at the 1960 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Tamaki, representing the National Party. Muldoon rose in the Second National Government to serve successively as Minister of Tourism (1967), Minister of Finance (1967–1972), and Deputy Prime Minister (1972). Over this time he built up an informal but solid backing amongst National's mostly rural right faction, which he called "Rob's Mob". After National lost the 1972 general election to the Labour Party, Muldoon used his connections to oust moderate party leader Jack Marshall and take his place, becoming Leader of the Opposition in 1974. Through Muldoon's ideological blend of moderate social liberalism and protectionist right-wing populism ("counterpunching", a term he coined) and the promise of a lucrative superannuation scheme, National enjoyed a resurgence. The early death of prime minister Norman Kirk severely weakened the Labour Party, and Muldoon soon led National to a decisive victory in the 1975 general election. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various 1970s-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1A Women's Liberation march in Washington, D.C., 1970 (from 1970s)
Image 2A couple at prom in late 1970s: Powder Tuxedo and sleeved dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 3Public at the farewell concert of Sui Generis (1975) (from 1970s)
Image 4John Denver, 1975 (from 1970s in music)
Image 5Los Angeles high school students, 1973. The tousled, blond surfer hair was popular for young men in southern California. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 6Debbie Harry of Blondie in 1977. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 7Alan Bennett in 1973, wearing a wide necktie (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 8British singer Rod Stewart, 1976. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 9Led Zeppelin, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 10Asteroids (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 11English girl in the mid-1970s wearing a wide-sleeved shirt, belted at the waist. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 12Pescado Rabioso's Artaud's album cover (1973) (from 1970s)
Image 13Typical mid to late 1970s Ted gear, as worn by Shakin' Stevens. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 14Linda Ronstadt in 1976 (from 1970s in music)
Image 15Punk pioneer Lene Lovich in 1979, with her trademark long plaited hair. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 16VT100 (1978) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 17Redd Foxx and Demond Wilson from Sanford and Son (from 1970s)
Image 18American casual attire, 1974. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 19Salah Zulfikar and Zubaida Tharwat in The Other Man (1973) (from 1970s)
Image 20Commodore PET (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 21Pink Floyd, 1973 (from 1970s in music)
Image 22Debby Boone song "You Light Up My Life" had the most weeks at number one (from 1970s in music)
Image 23Two women in 1979 wear the trendy tube tops, while the woman on the far left is wearing a rayon strapless dress (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 24Bruce Lee fostered the popularity of martial arts cinema (from 1970s)
Image 25British rock band Led Zeppelin was one of the most popular and influential bands of the 1970s. The band's heavy, guitar-driven sound has led them to be cited as one of the progenitors of heavy metal. (from 1970s)
Image 26America's first space station Skylab in orbit February 8, 1974 (from 1970s)
Image 27African American couple, Michigan Avenue, Chicago, July 1975 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 28Jose Jose (from 1970s in music)
Image 29Atari 2600 (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 30Isabel Perón becomes the first woman President of Argentina in 1974 and the first woman non-monarch head of state in the Western hemisphere. (from 1970s)
Image 31The 1970 Bhola cyclone, considered the 20th century's worst cyclone disaster, kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan during November 1970. (from 1970s)
Image 32Siouxsie Sioux of the English punk group Siouxsie and the Banshees. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 33The Vietnam War (1955–1975) (from 1970s)
Image 34Silk scarves were popular fashion accessories for women in the 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 35In 1971 hotpants and bell-bottomed trousers were popular fashion trends (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 36Microvision (1979) is the first handheld game console that used interchangeable cartridges. (from 1970s)
Image 37Footballer George Best wore long hair in 1976. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 38Margaret Thatcher shortly before becoming the United Kingdom's first woman Prime Minister in 1979. Thatcher's political and economic agenda began the first government committed to neoliberalism. (from 1970s)
Image 39Color TV-Game (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 40American First Lady Pat Nixon wears a shirt with the wide collar that was popular until the final years of the decade. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 41 Fairchild Channel F (1976) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 42Intellivision (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 43By the early 1970s, miniskirts had reached an all-time popularity. This young English woman is wearing a fringed suede miniskirt, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 44Actress Camille Keaton in 1972. Throughout most of the decade, women preferred light, natural-looking make-up for the daytime. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 45Park Chung Hee (from 1970s)
Image 46Singer Barry Manilow wears his hair longish in the soft, layered style favoured by men in the 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 47The Swedish band ABBA was one of the most commercially successful European bands of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 481970 Dodge Challenger Trans Am, an example of a muscle car in the earlier part of the decade. (from 1970s)
Image 49An artist impression of an American Apollo spacecraft and Soviet Soyuz spacecraft docking, a propaganda portrait for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project mission (from 1970s)
Image 50Nixon and Zhou toast, 1972 (from 1970s)
Image 51Three Los Angeles Chicanos in 1974. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 52El Tri Band founder Alex Lora, on stage with the band in 2006 (from 1970s in music)
Image 53Kansas (from 1970s in music)
Image 54Galaxian (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 55Bob Marley, 1980 (from 1970s in music)
Image 56Death Race (1976) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 57Singer Cher in 1971. In the 1970s, women's hair was usually worn long with a centre parting (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 58Home Pong console (museum recreation) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 59Loretta Lynn (from 1970s in music)
Image 60Mid-70s Western-inspired outifts worn by country music group Asleep at the Wheel. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 61Woman in miniskirt, 1970 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 62Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat shake hands, Camp David, 1978 (from 1970s)
Image 63Fashion models in Leipzig, GDR, 1972. One of the girls is modelling a "maxi" dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 64Pong (1972) (from 1970s)
Image 65Charlie Rich (from 1970s in music)
Image 66Nixon displays the V-for-victory sign as he departs the White House after resigning (from 1970s)
Image 67Elton John was one of the most commercially successful solo pop acts of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 68Microvision (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 691979 Iranian Revolution (from 1970s)
Image 70United States President Jimmy Carter and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT II treaty, June 18, 1979, in Vienna, Austria (from 1970s)
Image 71Concorde landing at Farnborough in September 1974 (from 1970s)
Image 72Frisbee player Ken Westerfield wearing draw string bell bottoms in the late 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 73A young woman wearing a wrap dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 74Susana Giménez wearing hotpants, 1977 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 75Pink Floyd performing The Dark Side of the Moon in 1973, the highest-selling album of the decade and one of the highest-selling of all time. (from 1970s)
Image 76Magnavox Odyssey (1972) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 77Diane von Fürstenberg's wrap dress, designed in the 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 78David Bowie in the early 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 79The world map of military alliances in 1970s: Western allies (blue), Non-aligned countries (green) and Soviet allies (red) (from 1970s)
Image 80Anti-war protest against the Vietnam War in Washington, D.C., on April 24, 1971. (from 1970s)
Image 81Paul Anka in 1961 (from 1970s in music)
Image 82Line at a gas station in Maryland, June 15, 1979. (from 1970s)
Image 83British rock band Queen (pictured here in 1977) was considered to be one of the most influential bands of the '70s (as well as the '80s), along with American rock band Eagles and others (from 1970s)
Image 84Apollo 17 Astronaut Gene Cernan becomes the last man on the Moon, December 13, 1972 (from 1970s)
Image 85Polistil VG2 Pong clone (1978), made in Italy (from 1970s in video games)
Image 86Pedro Eugenio Aramburu (from 1970s)
Image 87Aerosmith had seven studio albums chart on the Billboard 200 in the 1970s. Their success in the decade, particularly of their albums Toys in the Attic (1975) and Rocks (1976), helped inspire future rock artists such as Slash and Kurt Cobain (from 1970s in music)
Image 881973 Volvo P1800 sportwagon. (from 1970s)
Image 89Jorge Luis Borges with admirers in 1976. (from 1970s)
Image 90The Eagles (from 1970s in music)
Image 91AC/DC, August 1979 (from 1970s in music)
Image 92TRS-80 (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 93Egyptian military vehicles crossing the Suez Canal on October 7, 1973, during the Yom Kippur War. (from 1970s)
Image 941976 flyer advertising the racing game Fonz (from 1970s in video games)
Image 95Singer Billy Preston in 1974 wearing an Afro hairstyle. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 96The CN Tower was completed in 1976, becoming the world's tallest free-standing structure. (from 1970s)
Image 97Girl in 1973 with a "flicked" hairstyle. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 98Swedish model Ulla Jones dressed in a lurex halter top and matching flared trousers (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 991974 Ford Mustang interior (from 1970s)
Image 100British girls in 1975 in flared jeans (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 101Iranian prince Reza Pahlavi wearing Peacock Revolution-inspired velvet Nehru jacket and geometric print scarf, 1973. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 102Rigo Tovar (from 1970s in music)
Image 103Atari 2600 (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 104Voyager 1 passing by Jupiter's Great Red Spot February 25, 1979 (from 1970s)
Image 105Apple II (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 106Ramones's lead guitarist Johnny Ramone performing in Toronto, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 107Willie Nelson became one of the most popular country music artists during the 1970s. (from 1970s in music)
Image 108Pong arcade machine (1972) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 109The early 1970s' fashions were a continuation of the hippie look from the late 1960s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 110Example of glam rock costume worn by Roy Wood and Wizzard, early 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 111Mao Zedong wearing gray Zhongshan suit, 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 112Viking 1, the first of two spacecraft sent to Mars, takes this picture of the landing site in Chryse Planitia (1978) (from 1970s)
Image 113Idi Amin (from 1970s)
Image 114A West German school girl with Schultüte in 1970, with a 'hippyish' outfit on. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 115Two punks from the late 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 116Queen, 1975 (from 1970s in music)
Image 117Flared jeans and trousers were popular with both sexes as can be seen at this East German disco party in 1977. In the socialist part of Germany (until 1990), the government regarded western influences on cultural life of their population very critical, but factually tolerated them in many fields. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 118The Bee Gees, in 1968 (from 1970s in music)
Image 119British rock band Killing Floor, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 120Steve McQueen with sideburns, 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 121King Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (from 1970s)
Image 122Singer Rod Stewart performing in 1976. He was one of the major British soft rock artists of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 123Pakistan Army General A. A. K. Niazi signing surrender agreement before Sh. Jagjit Singh Aurora of Indian Army after getting defeated in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War against East Pakistan, which eventually liberated as Bangladesh later. (from 1970s)
Image 124The British band The Bee Gees were one of the biggest musical acts of the 1970s leading the disco phenomenon (from 1970s in music)
Image 125Hank Williams (from 1970s in music)
Image 126Swedish model Efva Attling in a "midi" dress, Kings Road, London, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 127Aldo Moro (from 1970s)
Image 128Mario Kempes scores the first goal in the 1978 World Cup Final for Argentina (from 1970s)
Image 129Henry Mancini (from 1970s in music)
Image 130Dave Schultz won Stanley Cup two times (from 1970s)
Image 131Honda Civic sold well throughout the decade. (from 1970s)
Image 132Clockwise from top left: U.S. President Richard Nixon doing the V for Victory sign after his resignation from office following the Watergate scandal in 1974; The United States was still involved in the Vietnam War in the early decade. The New York Times leaked information regarding the nation's involvement in the war. Political pressure led to America's withdrawal from the war in 1973, and the Fall of Saigon in 1975 leading to evacuations of South Vietnamese that same year; the 1973 oil crisis causes a financial crisis throughout the developed world; both the leaders of Israel and Egypt shake hands after the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978; in 1971, the Pakistan Armed Forces commits the 1971 Bangladesh genocide to curb independence movements in East Pakistan, killing 300,000 to 3,000,000 people; this consequently leads to the Bangladesh Liberation War; the 1970 Bhola cyclone kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan in November 1970, and became the deadliest natural disaster in 40 years; the Iranian Revolution of 1979 ousts Mohammad Reza Pahlavi who is later replaced by an Islamic theocracy led by Ayatollah Khomeini; the popularity of the disco music genre and subculture peaks during the mid-to-late 1970s.
(from 1970s)
Image 133Haile Selassie was overthrown from power in Ethiopia, ending one of the longest-lasting monarchies in world history. (from 1970s)
Image 134The first Military Junta after the 1976 Coup d'Etat in Argentina, integrated by Jorge Videla, Emilio Massera and Orlando Agosti (from 1970s)

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