Placental lactogen
Placental lactogen, also referred to as chorionic somatomammotropin, is a polypeptide hormone, produced by the placenta during pregnancy. It influences the metabolic processes of both the mother and fetus, aiding in the growth and development of the fetus.[1] Classified within the somatotropin family, placental lactogen shares both structural and functional similarities to growth hormone and pituitary prolactin.[2] It has been identified in various mammals, including humans, monkeys, mice, cows, hamster, and sheep.[3] However, it has not been found in dogs and rabbits.[2]
Classification of placental lactogen across mammalian species
[edit]The initial placental lactogen-related proteins were identified in rodents[4] and are commonly categorized into two primary groups based on the timing of their secretion during pregnancy: those occurring during the mid-pregnancy stage, such as placental lactogen-I, and those occurring during the late-pregnancy stage, such as placental lactogen-II.[3] Similarly, bovine placental lactogen exhibits diversity, through its molecular forms rather than secretion timing, with multiple isoforms differing in molecular weight and charge due to variations in glycosylation and truncated transcripts.[2] While there are many shared characteristics, placental lactogen is synthesized by distinct trophoblast cell types. In sheep, for example, ovine placental lactogen is generated by binucleate cells.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ Limesand, Sean W.; Anthony, Russell V. (2001-04-15). "Novel activator protein-2α splice-variants function as transactivators of the ovine placental lactogen gene". European Journal of Biochemistry. 268 (8): 2390–2401. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02124.x. ISSN 0014-2956. PMID 11298758.
- ^ a b c Takahashi, Toru (February 2006). "Biology of the prolactin family in bovine placenta. I. Bovine placental lactogen: Expression, structure and proposed roles". Animal Science Journal. 77 (1): 10–17. doi:10.1111/j.1740-0929.2006.00314.x. ISSN 1344-3941.
- ^ a b Shiota, Kunio; Hirosawa, Mitsuko; Hattori, Naka; Itonori, Saki; Miura, Ryuich; Noda, Ken; Takahashi, Michio; Ogawa, Tomoya (1994). "Structural and Functional Aspects of Placental Lactogens (PLs) and Ovarian 20α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (20α-HSD) in the Rat". Endocrine Journal. 41 (Supplement): S43–S56. doi:10.1507/endocrj.41.Supplement_S43. ISSN 0918-8959.
- ^ Simmons, David G; Rawn, Saara; Davies, Alastair; Hughes, Martha; Cross, James C (December 2008). "Spatial and temporal expression of the 23 murine Prolactin/Placental Lactogen-related genes is not associated with their position in the locus". BMC Genomics. 9 (1): 352. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-352. ISSN 1471-2164. PMC 2527339. PMID 18662396.
- ^ Braun, Thorsten; Meng, Wenbin; Shang, Hongkai; Li, Shaofu; Sloboda, Deborah M.; Ehrlich, Loreen; Lange, Karolin; Xu, Huaisheng; Henrich, Wolfgang; Dudenhausen, Joachim W.; Plagemann, Andreas; Newnham, John P.; Challis, John R. G. (January 2015). "Early Dexamethasone Treatment Induces Placental Apoptosis in Sheep". Reproductive Sciences. 22 (1): 47–59. doi:10.1177/1933719114542028. ISSN 1933-7191. PMC 4275451. PMID 25063551.
Further reading
[edit]- Sibiak, Rafał; Jankowski, Maurycy; Gutaj, Paweł; Mozdziak, Paul; Kempisty, Bartosz; Wender-Ożegowska, Ewa (16 April 2020). "Placental Lactogen as a Marker of Maternal Obesity, Diabetes, and Fetal Growth Abnormalities: Current Knowledge and Clinical Perspectives". Journal of Clinical Medicine. 9 (4): 1142. doi:10.3390/jcm9041142. PMC 7230810. PMID 32316284.