Parwan Campaign (1840)
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| Parwan Campaign | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of First Anglo-Afghan War | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
|
Barakzai Emirate of Kabul Kohistani Rebels |
Durrani Durrani Kingdom  British Empire.svg){kind=small} East India Company | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Dost Mohammad Khan Mohammad Afzal Khan Mir Masjidi Khan |
Robert Sale Percival Lord † Fraser (WIA) Edward Connolly † Ponsonby (WIA) Timur Mirza | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 400 (at Parwan Darra)[5] | Unknown | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | Heavy, hundreds killed and wounded.[6] | ||||||
The Parwan Campaign took place from October–November 1840, as a result of Dost Mohammad Khan's rebellion against Shah Shuja and the British backed regime. The Parwan campaign had over 13 battles, with each and every one of them ending in an Afghan victory, including a final confrontation at Parwan Darra with Robert Sale.
Background
[edit]In 1839, the British invaded Afghanistan to restore Shah Shuja Durrani, a former ruler of Durrani descent. The British wished to restore Shah Shuja to the throne as a puppet and to counter-act growing Russian influence in the region. The British successfully invaded and forced Dost Mohammad Khan to flee from Kabul, which prompted in him leading to a growing insurgency with the Mir Wali of Khulm in northern Afghanistan.[7][8]
Khan found allies elsewhere, where he allied with the leaders of the Kohistan rebellion that had tried to depose him prior. They realized their mistake of opposition toward Dost Mohammad, and now called for his restoration, seeking to support him. They had disagreed with previous actions by the Shah Shuja.[9]
The rebels believed that they did not owe allegiance to Dost Mohammad. Instead, the Sadozais were their allies.[10] And now, having heard of Sale's attack on Jalgah, Mir Masjidi accused Ghulam Khan and the British of perfidy, fully defecting to Dost Mohammad's side alongside a group of pirs.[10]
The British were defeated in 13 different battles and unable to halt the Afghan resistance.[5]
Battle
[edit]On 2 November 1840, Dost Mohammad engaged battle at Parwan Darra with Sale.[11] Dost Mohammad held a strong defensive position with over 400 cavalrymen.[5] Dr. Lord, died amongst this fighting that broke out.[6]
Aftermath
[edit]
Sultan Muhammad was followed by Dost Mohammad Khan during 1840.[6]
Despite his victory at the battle of Parwan Darra, Dost Mohammad surrendered due to rising plots of assassination against him by his Kohistani allies. This shocked even the British, with Dost Mohammad Khan perhaps not realizing how close he was to total victory.[12] After his surrender, he would be exiled to British India. However, following his exile, he would return to rule after his son, Wazir Akbar Khan led an active resistance that saw British withdrawal in 1842.[12][13][14]
References
[edit]- ^ Lee, Jonathan L. (15 January 2019). Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-78914-010-1.
- ^ Dalrymple, W. (2013). The Return of a King: The Battle for Afghanistan. Borzoi book. Bloomsbury. p. 478. ISBN 978-1-4088-1830-5. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
- ^ Lee 2019, p. 254-255.
- ^ Dalrymple 2013, p. 180-182.
- ^ a b c d Dalrymple 2013, p. 180.
- ^ a b c Lee 2019, p. 255.
- ^ Lee 2019, p. 233-244.
- ^ Lee 2019, p. 249-252.
- ^ Lee 2019, p. 252.
- ^ a b Lee 2019, p. 254.
- ^ Lee 2019, pp. 253–254.
- ^ a b Lee 2019, p. 256.
- ^ Lee 2019, p. 290-307.
- ^ Dalrymple 2013, p. 184.