Order of battle of the Battle of Shanghai
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The following is the order of battle of the forces involved in the Battle of Shanghai, during the opening stages of the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Order of battle prior to August 13, 1937
[edit]China
[edit]National Revolutionary Army
- Wusung – Shanghai Siege Area (Aug. 7 1937)
- Nanking Shanghai Garrison – Zhang Zhizhong (50,000 men).
- 36th Division – Song Xilian [g]
- 87th Division – Wang Chingchin [g]
- 88th Division – Sun Yuanliang [g]
- 55th Division – Li Sungchan
- 56th Division – Liu Hoting (later Liu Shangchih)
- 57th Division – Yuan Chaochang [R]
- 20th Sep. Bde – Gen. Chen Mienwu
- [g] German trained Reorganized Divisions
- [R] Reorganized Divisions
- Shanghai City demilitarised on Chinese side according to Shanghai Ceasefire Agreement (1932)
- Wusong-Shanghai Garrison Units (Peace Preservation Corps)
Centralized Chinese Air Force Units (includes former aviators of various warlord air forces and Chinese-American Volunteers)
- Zhoujiakou Airbase, Zhoukou, Henan – 4th Pursuit Group - Col. Gao Zhihang (21st, 22nd, 23rd Pursuit Squadrons).
- Jurong Airbase, Nanjing, Jiangsu - 3rd Pursuit Group - Capt. Wong Pan-Yang (8th, 17th Pursuit Squadrons and 34th Provisional PS) - 5th Pursuit Group - Capt. Chan Kee-Wong (28th PS)
Japan
[edit]Imperial Japanese Navy
3rd Fleet : Admiral Hasegawa Kiyoshi
- Flagship: Izumo (Izumo class armoured cruiser)
- Notoro (seaplane tender)
- 8 Nakajima E8N Reconnaissance float aircraft
- 11th (Gunboat) Sentai - Rear Admiral Tanimoto Umataro
- 8th (Cruiser) Sentai - Rear Admiral Nagumo
- 1st (Destroyer) Sentai - Rear Admiral Yoshida
- Shanghai Special Naval Landing Force - Rear Admiral Denshichi Okawachi
- 1st Battalion - Lt. Cdr. Uroku Hashimoto
- 2nd Battalion - Lt. Shigeshi Sano
- 3rd Battalion - Lt. Shegeru Ito
- 4th Battalion - Artillery unit, Disbanded at the outbreak of war, guns were dispersed to the infantry units.
- 9th Battalion - Lt. Cdr. Torashige Tsukioka
- 10th Battalion - Lt. Cdr Haji Kitaro
- Prior to hostilities: Total force (2,500 men)
- Special Naval Landing Force reinforcements as of 8/1/37 from 3rd Fleet
- 8th Sentai NLF
- 1st Destroyer Sentai NLF
- 3rd Destroyer Sentai NLF
- Izumo NLF
- Reservists and volunteers (5000 men)
- 1st Reserve Infantry Regiment
- 2nd Reserve Infantry Regiment
- (Armed reservists were men in civilian clothes distinguished by a brassard)
- Notes:
- Third Fleet operated in Central and South China waters.
- 11th Squadron evacuated Japanese civilians from the interior to Shanghai during July and early August.
Order of battle soon after August 13, 1937
[edit]China
[edit]National Revolutionary Army
3rd Military Region - Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek (20 Aug 1937)
Wusung – Shanghai Siege Area
- 9th Group Army - Gen. Zhang Zhizhong
- 36th Division - Gen. Song Xilian [g]
- 56th Division - Gen. Liu Hoting
- 87th Division - Gen. Wang Chingchin [g]
- 88th Division - Gen. Sun Yuanliang [g]
- 20th Separate Brigade - Gen. Chen Mienwu
- Training Division (part) - Gen Huei Yungching
- Wusong-Shanghai Garrison Units (Peace Preservation Corps)
- 10th Heavy Artillery Regiment [sFH 18 L/32 150mm Howitzer]
- 3rd Artillery Regiment
- 8th Artillery Regiment
- 2 Heavy Mortar Units
- 2 Anti-tank batteries
- 1 Light Tank Battalion
Yangtze River Right Bank Garrison Sector
- 54th Army – Gen. Huo Kweichang
- 11th Division – Gen. Peng Shan [R]
- 14th Division - Gen. Chen Lie [g]
- 67th Division - Gen. Huang Wei [R]
- 16th Artillery Regiment (under command of Siege Area)
Yangtze River Left Bank Garrison Sector
- 57th Army – Miao Chengliu
- 111th Division – Gen. Chen Ento
- 112th Division – Gen. Huo Shuoyi
Hangzhou Bay Left Bank Garrison Sector
- 8th Group Army – Gen. Zhang Fakui
- 61st Division – Gen. Chung Sung
- 62nd Division – Gen. Tao Liu
- 55th Division – Gen. Li Sungshan
- 57th Division – Gen. Yuan Shaochang [R]
- 45th Separate Brigade – Gen. Chan Luanchi
- 2nd Artillery Regt.
East Zhejiang Garrison Sector
- 10th Group Army – Gen. Liu Jianxu
- 16th Division – Gen. Peng Shungling
- 63rd Division – Gen. Chen Kuangchung
- 19th Division – Gen. Li Chue
- 52nd Division – Gen. Lu Xinjung
- New 34th Division (128th Division) - Gen. Gu Chiachi
- 37th Separate Brigade – Gen. Chen The-fa
- 11th Provisional Brigade – Gen Chou Xiching
- 12th Provisional Brigade – Gen. Li Kuochun
- 13th Provisional Brigade – Gen. Yang Yungching
- [g] German trained Reorganized Divisions
- [R] Reorganized Divisions
Chinese Air Force Units - includes former aviators of various warlord air forces plus Chinese-American Volunteers
- Jianqiao Airbase, Hangzhou, Zhejiang – 4th Pursuit Group - Col. Gao Zhihang (21st, 22nd, 23rd Pursuit Squadrons); Capt. Li Guidan assumed command of the 4th PG following Col. Gao's combat injuries sustained on 15 August, that put him out of action for two months.
- Jurong Airbase, Nanjing, Jiangsu - 3rd Pursuit Group - Capt. Wong Pan-Yang (8th, 17th Pursuit Squadrons and 34th Provisional PS) - 5th Pursuit Group - Capt. Chan Kee-Wong (28th PS)
Japan
[edit]Imperial Japanese Navy
- Shanghai Special Naval Landing Force - Rear Admiral Denshichi Okawachi
- 1st Battalion
- 2nd Battalion
- 3rd Battalion
- 4th Battalion
- 9th Battalion
- Special Naval Landing Force reinforcements as of 1 Aug from 3rd Fleet
- 8th Sentai NLF
- 1st Destroyer Sentai NLF
- 3rd Destroyer Sentai NLF
- Izumo NLF
- Special Naval Landing Force reinforcements 18 - 19 Aug
- 5th Battalion (Sasebo 1st SNLF, 16th Destroyer Division)
- 6th Battalion (Kure 2nd SNLF)
- 7th Battalion (Kure 1st SNLF)
- 8th Battalion (Yokosuka 1st SNLF, 11th Sentai)
- Total Naval personnel 8/19/37 (5000 men)
- Reservists and volunteers (5000 men)
- 1st Reserve Infantry Regiment
- 2nd Reserve Infantry Regiment
- (Armed reservists were men in civilian clothes distinguished by a brassard)
- Total force defending the settlement 10,000 men
Imperial Japanese Army
- Shanghai Expeditionary Force – Gen. Iwane Matsui (16 Aug 1937)
- 5th Tank Battalion - Colonel Hosomi
- 32 Type 89 Medium Tanks, 15 Type 94 Tankettes
- 7th Independent Machine Gun Battalion
- 8th Independent Light Armor Company
- 9th Independent Light Armor Company
- Independent Light Armor Company
- 10th Field Heavy Artillery Regiment
- 24 Type 4 150mm Howitzers
- 4th Army Mortar Battalion
- 150mm mortars (1887) [Taki/PWf]
- Field Operations Anti-aircraft Artillery 3 platoons
- Field Air Defense Team 3rd Battery
- 8th Independent Army Engineer Regiment
- 6th Independent Air Squadron
- Shanghai Dispatch Signal Unit
- 5th Independent Heavy Artillery Brigade
- 48 150mm Howitzers
- 6th Independent heavy artillery Brigade
- 13th Field Heavy Artillery Regiments, 24 Type 4 15cm Howitzers
- 14th Field Heavy Artillery Regiments, 24 Type 4 15cm Howitzers
- Army Logistics Depot
- 3rd Division - Lt. Gen. Fujita (Landed on Aug. 23rd)
- 5th Infantry Brigade
- 6th Infantry Regiment
- 68th Infantry Regiment
- 29th Infantry Brigade
- 18th Infantry Regiment
- 34th Infantry Regiment
- 3rd Field Artillery Regiment
- 3rd Cavalry Regiment
- 3rd Engineer Regiment
- 3rd Transport Regiment
- 11th Division - Lt. Gen. Yamamuro (Landed on Aug. 23rd)
- 10th Infantry Brigade
- 12th Infantry Regiment
- 22nd Infantry Regiment
- 22nd Infantry Brigade
- 43rd Infantry Regiment
- 44th Infantry Regiment
- 11th Mountain Artillery Regiment
- 11th Cavalry Regiment
- 11th Engineer Regiment
- 11th Transport Regiment
- 101st Division - Lt. Gen. Ito (Arrived Sept 7-16, Landed on Sep. 22nd)
- 101st Infantry Brigade
- 101st Infantry Regiment
- 149th Infantry Regiment
- 102nd Infantry Brigade
- 103rd Infantry Regiment
- 157th Infantry Regiment
- 101st Field Artillery Regiment
- 101st Cavalry Regiment
- 101st Engineer Regiment
- 101st Transport Regiment
- 9th Division - Lt. Gen. Yoshizumi (Landed on Sep. 27th)
- 6th Infantry Brigade
- 7th Infantry Regiment
- 35th Infantry Regiment
- 18th Infantry Brigade
- 19th Infantry Regiment
- 36th Infantry Regiment
- 9th Mountain Artillery Regiment
- 9th Cavalry Regiment
- 9th Engineer Regiment
- 9th Transport Regiment
- 13th Division - Lt. Gen. Ogisu (reinforcements late Aug., Landed on Oct. 1st)
- 26th Infantry Brigade
- 58th Infantry Regiment
- 116th Infantry Regiment
- 103rd Infantry Brigade
- 65th Infantry Regiment
- 104th Infantry Regiment
- 19th Mountain Artillery Regiment
- 17th Cavalry Regiment
- 13th Engineer Regiment
- 13th Transport Regiment
Later forces
[edit]Chinese forces after late September, 1937
[edit]National Revolutionary Army 3rd War Area - Generalisimo Chiang Kai-skek (after late Sept. 1937)
- Right Wing Force - General Zhang Fakui
- 8th Group Army - General Zhang Fakui
- 28th Army - Tao Kuang
- 62nd Division – Tao Kuang
- 63rd Division – Chen Kuangchung
- 55th Division – Li Sungchan
- 45th Separate Brigade – Chang Luanchi
- Artillery Btn., Training Div.
- 10th Group Army - Liu Jianxu
- 11th Reserve Division – Hu –Ta
- 128th Division – Ku Chiachi
- 45th Division – Tai Minchuan
- 52nd Division – Lu Xinjung
- 11th Temporary Brigade – Chou Xiching
- 12th Temporary Brigade – Li Kuochun
- 37th Separate Brigade - Chen Thefa
- Guard Regiment – ?
- Ningpo Defense Commander – Wan Kaolan
- Central Force Gen. Zhu Shaoliang
- 9th Group Army - Zhu Shaoliang
- 72nd Army – Sun Yuanliang
- 88th Division – Sun Yuanliang[g]
- Peace Preservation Group
- 1st Regiment, 20th Separate Brigade
- 78th Army – Song Xilian
- 36th Division – Song Xilian[g]
- 71st Army – Wang Chingchin
- 87th Division – Wang Chingchin[g]
- 8th Army – Huang Chie
- 61st Division – Chung Sung
- Salt Gabelle Division – Huang Chie
- 3rd Division – Li Yutang[g]
- 18th Division – Chu Yao-hua
- Shanghai Garrison Command - Yang Hu
- 1st Battalion 3rd Regiment, 2nd Artillery Brigade
- 2 Heavy Mortar Units
- 2 Anti-tank batteries
- 1 Light tank Battalion
- 21st Group Army - Liao Lei
- 1st Army – Hu Zongnan
- 1st Division - Li Tiechun
- 32nd Division - Wang Xiushen
- 78th Division - Li Wen
- 48th Army – Wei Yunsung
- 173rd Division - Huo Weichen
- 174th Division - Wang Tsanpin
- 176th Division - Ou Shounien
- 171st Division – Yang Cunchang
- 19th Division – Li Chue
- 16th Division - Peng Sungling
- Left Wing Force - General Chen Cheng
- 19th Group Army – Xue Yue
- 66th Army – Ye Zhao
- 159th Division – Tan Sui
- 160th Division – Ye Zhao
- 75th Army – Chao Ai
- 6th Division – Chao Ai[g]
- 2nd Army – Li Yannian
- 9th Division – Li Yannian[g]
- 25th Army – Wan Yaohuang
- 13th Division – Wan Yaohuang
- 20th Army – Yang Sen
- 133rd Division – Yang Hanyu
- 134th Division – Yang Hanchung
- 69th Army – Yuan Chaochang
- 57th Division – Yuan Chaochang[R]
- 15th Group Army – Luo Zhuoying
- 44th Division – Chen Yung
- 16th Artillery Regiment
- 16th Corps – Luo Zhuoying
- 18th Army - Luo Zhuoying
- 60th Division - Chen Pei
- 11th Division - Peng Shan[R]
- 67th Division - Huag Wei[R]
- 54th Army - Huo Kueichang
- 14th Division - Chen Lie[g]
- 98th Division - Hisa Chuchung
- 74th Army - Yu Chishi
- 51st Division - Wang Yaowu
- 58th Division - Yu Chishih
- 39th Army – Liu Ho-ting
- 34th Separate Brigade. – Lo Chichiang
- 56th Division - Liu Shangchih
- 4th Army – Wu Chi-wei
- 90th Division – Ou Chen
- 73rd Army – Wang Tungyuan
- 15th Division – Wang Chihpin
- 15th Corps – Liu Xing
- 102 Division - Po Huichang
- 103 Division - Ho Chihchung
- 53 Division - Li Yunheng
- 23 Division - Li Pifan
- 57th Army – Miao Chengliu
- 111th Division - Chang Entuo
- 112th Division - Huo Shouyi
- River Defence Forces - Gen. Liu Xing
- Chiangyin Fortress Command - Xu Kang
- Chenchiang Fortress Command - Lin Xienyang
- 2nd Regiment Kiangsu Peace Preservation Force
- 1st Battalion 8th Artillery Regiment
- 11th Corps - Shangguan Yunxiang
- 40th Division - Liu Peixu
- 33rd Division - Ma Xingxien
- 12th Corps - Chang Fang
- 76th Division - Wang Lingyun
- 43rd Army - Kuo Jutung
- 26th Div. - Liu Yuching
- 1st Battalion 3rd Artillery Regiment
- 4th Artillery Regiment
- 1st Battalion 10th Heavy Artillery Regiment [sFH 18 L/32 150mm How]
- Notes:
- [g] German trained Reorganized Divisions:
- [R] Reorganized Divisions
Japanese forces from October 29, 1937
[edit]Imperial Japanese Army
Central China Front Army – Gen. Iwane Matsui
- (was formed on Oct. 29th 1937 to coordinate the Shanghai Expeditionary Army and
- the 10th Army.)
- Shanghai Expeditionary Force - Gen. Iwane Matsui,
- See previous order of battle
-
- 16th Division – Gen. Kesao Nakashima (from N. China Nov 12/37, landed at Pai mao kou)
- 19th Infantry Brigade
- 9th Infantry Regiment
- 20th Infantry Regiment
- 30th Infantry Brigade
- 33rd Infantry Regiment
- 38th Infantry Regiment
- 22nd Field Artillery Regiment
- 20th Cavalry Regiment
- 16th Engineer Regiment
- 16th Transport Regiment
-
- Shigeto Detachment - Major Gen. Shigeto (arrived Sept 7-16 from Formosa)
- Regiment sized, was later expanded into the Formosa Mixed Brigade. Nov 12/37, landed at Pai mao kou)
-
- ? Manchukuoan Brigade - Li Chung-shan (arrived Sept. 7-16)
- ? Manchukuoan Brigade - Yu Chih-shan (arrived Sept. 7-16)
- 10th Army – Major Gen. Heisuke Yamagawa (Nov. 5th landing at Chin shan wei)
- 9th Independent Light Armor Company [Taki/ PWf]
- 2nd Independent Mountain Gun Regiment[Taki/ PWf]
- 6th Independent Heavy Artillery Brigade [CDF] [Taki/ PWf]
- 13th Field Heavy Artillery Regiment, 24 Type 4 15cm Howitzers
- 14th Field Heavy Artillery Regiment, 24 Type 4 15cm Howitzers
-
- 6th Division - Lt. Gen. Tani
- 11th Infantry Brigade
- 13th Infantry Regiment
- 47th Infantry Regiment
- 36th Infantry Brigade
- 23rd Infantry Regiment
- 45th Infantry Regiment
- 6th Field Artillery Regiment
- 6th Cavalry Regiment
- 6th Engineer Regiment
- 6th Transport Regiment
-
- 18th Division - Lt. Gen. Ushijima
- 23rd Infantry Brigade
- 55th Infantry Regiment
- 56th Infantry Regiment
- 35th Infantry Brigade
- 114th Infantry Regiment
- 124th Infantry Regiment
- 18th Mountain Artillery Regiment
- 22nd Cavalry Battalion
- 12th Engineer Regiment
- 12th Transport Regiment
-
- 114th Division - Lt. Gen. Suematsu
- 127th Infantry Brigade
- 66th Infantry Regiment
- 115th Infantry Regiment
- 128th Infantry Brigade
- 102nd Infantry Regiment
- 150th Infantry Regiment
- 120th Field Artillery Regt
- 118th Cavalry Regiment
- 114th Engineer Regiment
- 114th Transport Regiment
-
- Kunizaki Detachment - Gen. Kunisaki (from North China)
- 9th Infantry Brigade/5th Division
- 11th Infantry Regiment
- 41st Infantry Regiment
- with elements of:
- 5th Mountain Artillery Regiment
- 5th Cavalry Regiment
- 5th Engineer Regiment
- 5th Transport Regiment
Sources
[edit]- Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai, History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) 2nd Ed., 1971. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung, Chung Wu Publishing; 33, 140th Lane, Tung-hwa Street, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China. Pg. 200 - 214, Map 7.
- Jowett, Phillip S., Rays of The Rising Sun, Armed Forces of Japan’s Asian Allies 1931-45, Volume I: China & Manchuria, 2004. Helion & Co. Ltd., 26 Willow Rd., Solihull, West Midlands, England.
- Sino-Japanese Air War 1937-45
- History of the Frontal War Zone in the Sino-Japanese War, published by Nanjing University Press.
- [g] German trained Reorganized Divisions:
3rd, 6th, 9th, 14th, 36th, 87th, 88th, and the Training Division of the Central Military Academy.
Also the "Tax Police" regiment (equivalent of a division) under T.V. Soong's Ministry of Finance, later converted to the New 38th Division during the war, were German armed and trained by German officers.
- [R] Reorganized Divisions were the other 12 other Divisions with Chinese arms on the reorganized model with 2 German advisors:
2nd, 4th, 10th, 11th, 25th, 27th, 57th, 67th, 80th, 83rd, 89th Division
- Madej, W. Victor, Japanese Armed Forces Order of Battle, 1937-1945 [2 vols], Allentown, PA: 1981.