Jump to content

Foreign relations of Nauru

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Politics of Nauru
Constitution
Institutions
Elections
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
Related topics
Independence31 January 1968
Joined UN14 September 1999

Nauru became a sovereign, independent republic on 31 January 1968, following the passage of the Nauru Independence Act 1967 by the Parliament of Australia and the end of its status as a United Nations Trust Territory. Nauru has established diplomatic relations with a number of nations, including most of its Pacific neighbors with which it maintains economic, cultural and administrative ties.

Membership in international organizations

[edit]

Nauru was admitted to the United Nations on 14 September 1999. Nauru's application to the United Nations was questioned by the People's Republic of China due to Nauru's close diplomatic and trade links to Taiwan. Nevertheless, Nauru was granted UN full membership.

Nauru became a full member of the Commonwealth of Nations in May 1999. Since independence, Nauru had been a special member of the Commonwealth prior to 1999, but having fallen behind in payments, reverted to Special Member status on 1 July 2005, with no authoritative power. It then returned to be a full member again in June 2011.[1]

Additionally outside the region, Nauru is a member or participant of the ACP (Lomé Convention), the Alliance of Small Island States, the Asian Development Bank, the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the G-77, the International Civil Aviation Organization, the International Maritime Organization, the ITU, and the International Olympic Committee.

Nauru is notable for its lack of membership in several major international organizations. Nauru is one of only seven UN members that is not a member of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and one of 12 not part of the International Finance Corporation. Nauru also is not a member of the International Development Association and has no society associated with the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Finally, as with many other nations in Oceania, Nauru is not a member of the International Hydrographic Organization.

Membership in regional organizations

[edit]

Regional cooperation through various multilateral organizations is a key element in Nauru's foreign policy. The country also hosted the regional meeting that resulted in the Nauru Agreement Concerning Cooperation in the Management of Fisheries of Common Interest whose eight signatories (including Nauru) collectively controls 25–30% of the world's tuna supply and approximately 60% of the western and central Pacific tuna supply.[2] Additionally, Nauru is a full member of the Pacific Islands Forum, the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission, the Pacific Regional Environment Programme and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community.

Hosting refugees

[edit]

In 2001 Nauru became host to approximately 867 refugees, mostly Afghan, who were intercepted while attempting to enter Australia illegally. This exchange was one of many which were collectively known as Australia's Pacific Solution. In February 2008, the last of the refugees were resettled in Australia.[3][4]

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Nauru maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date
1  Australia 26 August 1968[5]
2  Japan December 1972[6]
3  New Zealand 24 July 1974[7]
4  Belgium 4 July 1975[8]
5  India 12 September 1975[9]
6  Turkey 27 April 1976[10]
7  United States 24 October 1976[11]
8  United Kingdom 1 December 1977[12]
9  France 15 March 1978[13]
10  Solomon Islands 7 July 1978[14]
11  Germany 15 April 1979[15]
12  South Korea 20 August 1979[16]
13  Samoa 1979[17]
—  Taiwan (terminated) 4 May 1980[18]
14  Vanuatu 30 July 1980[19]
15  Fiji 1980[20]
16  Chile 6 February 1981[21]
17  North Korea 25 February 1982[22]
18  Philippines 23 April 1982[23]
19  Netherlands 1982[24]
20  Greece 1 October 1984[25]
21  Peru 1984[26]
22  Federated States of Micronesia 10 April 1987[27]
23  Russia 30 December 1987[28]
24  Marshall Islands 22 February 1991[29]
—  Holy See 1 June 1992[30]
25  Palau 14 October 1994[31]
26  Israel December 1994[32]
—  Cook Islands 1994[33]
27  Spain 27 September 1995[34]
28  Italy 27 February 1997[35]
29  Canada 11 September 1997[36]
30  Ireland 21 March 2000[37]
31  Cyprus 23 March 2000[37]
32  Maldives 9 May 2000[37]
33  Norway 9 August 2000[38]
34  Croatia 4 December 2000[37]
35  Bulgaria 30 April 2001[37]
36  Belarus 12 September 2001[37]
37  Mexico 21 September 2001[37]
38  Cuba 7 May 2002[39]
39  China 21 July 2002[40]
40   Switzerland 2003[41]
41  Iceland 17 February 2004[37]
42  Azerbaijan 11 November 2004[37]
43  North Macedonia 2 December 2004[37]
44  Thailand 14 January 2005[42]
45  Brazil 2 November 2005[37]
46  Austria 9 November 2005[37]
47  Vietnam 21 June 2006[37]
48  Guatemala 6 December 2006[37]
49  Czech Republic 19 February 2007[37]
50  United Arab Emirates 27 March 2007[37]
51  Cambodia 25 April 2007[43]
52  Venezuela 7 May 2007[44]
53  Dominican Republic 28 September 2007[45]
54  Malta 19 November 2008[37]
55  Singapore 12 March 2009[37]
56  Finland 24 March 2009[37]
57  Portugal 9 September 2009[37]
58  Malaysia 5 October 2009[46]
—  Abkhazia 15 December 2009[47]
—  South Ossetia 16 December 2009[48]
59  Luxembourg 21 May 2010[37]
60  Morocco 9 September 2010[37]
61  Egypt 25 September 2010[49]
62  Montenegro 25 January 2011[37]
63  Qatar 11 February 2011[50]
64  Jamaica 24 February 2011[37]
65  Romania 2 March 2011[37]
66  Slovenia 11 March 2011[37]
67  Uruguay 14 March 2011[51]
68  Seychelles 14 April 2011[37]
69  Albania 20 April 2011[37]
70  Slovakia 24 June 2011[37]
71  Lithuania 28 June 2011[37]
72  Hungary 12 July 2011[37]
73  Mongolia 13 October 2011[37]
74  Estonia 21 March 2012[37]
75  Gambia 27 September 2012[52]
76  Sweden 28 September 2012[53]
77  Indonesia 21 December 2012[54]
78  Kuwait 9 April 2013[37]
79  Poland 24 November 2014[55]
80  Argentina 31 October 2016[37]
81  Armenia 22 September 2017[37]
82  Tajikistan 20 December 2017[56]
83  Latvia 21 May 2018[37]
—  Sovereign Military Order of Malta 5 October 2018[57]
84  Serbia 25 September 2019[58]
85  Nicaragua 18 October 2019[37]
86  Kyrgyzstan 31 January 2020[37]
87    Nepal 4 May 2023[37]
88  Bahrain 4 May 2023[37]
89  Saudi Arabia 7 November 2023[37]
90  Monaco 21 May 2024[37]
91  Benin 6 November 2024[37]
92  Kiribati Unknown
—  Niue Unknown
93  Papua New Guinea Unknown
94  Tonga Unknown
95  Tuvalu Unknown

Bilateral relations

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia 16 August 1968 at Representative level, 21 November 1972 upgraded to High Commission Level See Australia–Nauru relations

Australia administered Nauru as a dependent territory from 1914 to 1968, and has remained one of Nauru's foremost economic and aid partners thereafter. Relations between the two countries are, at present, cordial, with Australia having committed itself to assisting Nauru's economic development.

  • Australia has a high commission in Aiwo.
  • Nauru has a high commission in Canberra and a consulate-general in Brisbane.
 People's Republic of China 21 July 2002 – 27 May 2005
24 January 2024 (second)		 See China–Nauru relations

The Republic of Nauru and the People's Republic of China established diplomatic relations on 21 July 2002,[59] and resumed on 24 January 2024.[60]

 Cuba 7 May 2002

In the late 2000s, Nauru began to strengthen its relations with Cuba. Cuba provides medical aid to Nauru; an unspecified number of Cuban doctors are serving in Nauru.[61]

In June 2007, Nauru adopted the "Cuban literacy method", reportedly used also in several other countries.[62] In October 2007, Nauruan Foreign Minister and Trade Minister David Adeang travelled to Cuba to strengthen relations between the two island nations.[61] This led to the creation of a Cuba-Nauru Joint Intergovernmental Commission for Economic Cooperation.[63] At approximately this time, Nauru-US relations underwent tensions for reasons which were not completely clear (See also: Foreign relations of Nauru#Ties with the United States of America, above).

In September 2008, Nauru's foreign minister attended the first Cuba-Pacific Islands ministerial meeting in Havana, aimed at "strengthening cooperation" between Nauru and Cuba, notably on coping with the impact of climate change.[64][65]

 India 1975 See India-Nauru relations

India established relations with the country since its independence in 1968 and have had numerous visits by presidents of Nauru to the Republic since then. India is one of the largest donors to the island by helping the education ministry and revamping the island's parliament facilities to its MP's and its Speaker. India has also reserved 5 slots for Naruran citizens for training courses under the Indian Technical & Economical Cooperation (ITEC) programme in the year 2010–11.[3] One scholarship slot is also offered under General Cultural Scholarship of ICCR (Commonwealth Scheme).[66]

 Israel See Israel–Nauru relations
 Mexico 21 September 2001
  • Mexico is accredited to Nauru from its embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Nauru does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
 New Zealand 1975
  • Nauru does not have an accreditation to New Zealand.
  • New Zealand is accredited to Nauru from a New Zealand-based high commissioner.
 Russia 30 December 1987 See Nauru–Russia relations

Russia is accredited to Nauru from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.

Nauru's banks are said to have provided services to the mafia in Russia during the 1990s; over the course of the 1990s, approximately 70 billion U.S. dollars owned by Russian mafia were held in Nauru banks.[67]

 Republic of China (Taiwan) 4 May 1980 – 23 July 2002 (first)
14 May 2005 – 15 January 2024 (second)		 See Nauru–Taiwan relations
President Baron Waqa and ROC President Tsai Ing-wen in Taiwan.

On 15 January 2024, Nauru severed diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan) again, restored diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, and recognized "the People's Republic of China as the only legitimate government of China" and "Taiwan as part of the People's Republic of China."[68]

On 21 July 2002, Nauru broke diplomatic relations with Taiwan and established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. In 2003, Nauru closed its embassy in Beijing.[69] In April 2005, during a state visit to the Marshall Islands, ROC President Chen Shui-bian met and spoke with the Nauruan President Ludwig Scotty. On 14 May 2005, the two countries signed the necessary documents to restore formal ties and reopen embassies.[70] On 15 January 2024, Nauru cut ties with the ROC.[71]

 Turkey Oct. 24, 1976[72]
 United States 24 October 1976 See Nauru–United States relations

The Nauruan government has a very complex relationship with the United States; the government of Bernard Dowiyogo agreed to stop passport sales and offshore banking in return for an extensive aid package.[73] However, according to Nauru, that aid has not been delivered and Nauru is now looking to Japan and China for assistance [citation needed]. According to the U.S. Department of State, Nauru has cordial relations with the United States[74]

The U.S. has no consular or diplomatic offices in Nauru. Officers of the American Embassy in Suva, Fiji, are concurrently accredited to Nauru and make periodic visits.

In September 2007, David Adeang, Nauru's Foreign Minister, made a number of public statements in relation to the United States. He extolled Cuba and criticized US foreign policy, during a visit to the Caribbean island.[75] Subsequently, the US Department of State, referring to events investigated in 2007, reported criticism of Adeang in its Human Rights Report, issued for 2008.[76] This criticism was included in the State Department's report, despite the fact that police, having undertaken an investigation of allegations of wrongdoing, made no attempt to prosecute Adeang. Shortly after Adeang's public pronouncements, a crisis, with himself at the centre, led to the collapse of President of Nauru Ludwig Scotty's government.

Trade between the United States and Nauru is limited by the latter's small size and economic problems. The value of two-way trade in 2005 was US$1.6 million.

In October 2008 the new U.S. Ambassador to Fiji, also accredited to Nauru, pledged efforts to assist Nauru's economic development.[77]

Other countries

[edit]

Nauru has diplomatic relations with most states in Oceania.[80] It also has ties with most major industrial countries, including Japan,[81] the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation, France, the UK, Germany, Spain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United States of America and South Africa.[79] Nauru has diplomatic relations with the European Union,[82] most of its member states[92] and a few other states in Europe,[93] including the Holy See (Vatican City).[94]

In 1995, Nauru broke off relations diplomatic relations with France to protest French nuclear testing in the Pacific. Relations were resumed in 1997.[95]

Nauru established diplomatic relations with Kosovo on 23 April 2008,[96] which ended 13 November 2019 as Nauru withdrew its recognition.[97]

Nauru established diplomatic relations with Abkhazia and South Ossetia on 15 December 2009.[98]

Relations with partially recognised states

[edit]
See also: Checkbook diplomacy

Nauru has used its position as a member of the United Nations to gain financial support from both the Republic of China (ROC) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) by changing its position on the political status of Taiwan. During 2002, Nauru signed an agreement to establish diplomatic relations with the PRC on 21 July. Nauru accepted $130m from the PRC for this diplomatic move.[99] In response, the ROC severed diplomatic relations with Nauru two days later. Nauru later re-established links with the ROC on 14 May 2005,[100] and diplomatic ties with the PRC were officially severed on 31 May 2005. Similarly, Nauru recognized the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic on 12 August 1981. Then, on 15 September 2000, Nauru withdrew recognition of the SADR, and signed accords with Morocco on the phosphates area, which are running out in the island.[101][102] In 2008, Nauru recognized Kosovo as an independent country, but withdrew its recognition in 2019.[97] Additionally, in 2009, Nauru became only the fourth country to recognize the breakaway republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which are both claimed by Georgia. Russia was reported to be giving Nauru $50m in humanitarian aid in return.[99]

Missions in Nauru

[edit]

Nauru and the Commonwealth of Nations

[edit]

Nauru has been an independent republic in the Commonwealth of Nations since 1968.[citation needed]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Nauru back as full Commonwealth member". Radio New Zealand International. 26 June 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  2. ^ "Pacific islands fighting for their tuna | Klima-Tuvalu". Archived from the original on 19 August 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
  3. ^ "Last refugees leave Nauru – Immigration Media Release ce014/2008". Minister.immi.gov.au. Archived from the original on 16 May 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  4. ^ "Departing refugees leave Nauru camps empty – National". The Age. 6 February 2008. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  5. ^ "Representation - Australian Representation Overseas". Current Notes on International Affairs. 39 (8). Department of External Affairs: 358. August 1968. Retrieved 24 November 2022 – via National Library of Australia (Trove).
  6. ^ Pacific Islands Monthly: PIM., Volume 44, Issues 1–6. Pacific Publications, 1973. p. 7.
  7. ^ Representatives Overseas. New Zealand. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1976. p. 18.
  8. ^ Belgisch staatsblad, Issues 147–167. Belgium 1975. p. 10129.
  9. ^ Translations on South and East Asia, Volumes 567–591. United States. Joint Publications Research Service. p. 17.
  10. ^ "Türkiye – Nauru Relations". Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  11. ^ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Nauru". Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  12. ^ Vol. 48, No. 12 ( Dec. 1, 1977) – National Library of Australia. p. 33.
  13. ^ "Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945" (PDF). diplomatie.gouv.fr (in French). p. 83.
  14. ^ "Solomon Islands Diplomatic and Consular List". 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  15. ^ "Länder" (in German). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  16. ^ "Overview (MFA Republic of Korea)". Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  17. ^ The Europa year book : a world survey. 1979. Vol. 2. Europa Publications Limited. 1979. p. 1770.
  18. ^ Chinese Society of International Law - Chinese (Taiwan) Branch of the International Law Association. Vol. 20. Chinese (Taiwan) Yearbook of International Law and Affairs. 2002. p. 148.
  19. ^ "Asia/Pacific Division". Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
  20. ^ The Europa year book 1980 : a world survey Volume 2. Europa Publications Limited. 1980. p. 1006.
  21. ^ "Relaciones Diplomáticas de Chile con los países de la cuenca del Pacífico" (PDF) (in Spanish).
  22. ^ "DPRK Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). NCNK. 2016. p. 5. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  23. ^ "EMBASSY OF THE PHILIPPINES CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA". Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  24. ^ "Nauru Bulletin" (PDF). Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  25. ^ Daily Report: Western Europe: Index, Volumes 6–7. United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. NewsBank., 1983. p. 200.
  26. ^ Revista peruana de derecho internacional: órgano de la Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Internacional (in Spanish). Vol. 40. Impr. Torres Aguirre. 1988. p. 343.
  27. ^ "FSM Diplomatic Relations List". Government of the Federated States of Micronesia. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
  28. ^ Problems of Communism. Documentary Studies Section, International Information Administration. 1988. p. 68.
  29. ^ "LISTING OF ALL COUNTRIES WHICH HAVE ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THE REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS (As of 13 February 2019)". Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  30. ^ "The Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations". The Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  31. ^ "Countries with which Palau has Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 March 2016.
  32. ^ Breakthrough: Israel in a Changing World. Associated University Presses, 1996. p. 216.
  33. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration (2015). "Foreign Affairs". Cook Islands Government. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  34. ^ "NAURU: RELACIONES BILATERALES CON ESPAÑA" (PDF). exteriores.gob.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  35. ^ "President David Adeang had a courtesy meeting with Italian Special Envoy Guglielmo Picchi, today, 7Nov, on strengthening mutual cooperation between Nauru and Italy". The Government of the Republic of Nauru. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  36. ^ "Canada-Nauru relations". international.gc.ca. 16 January 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar "Diplomatic relations between Nauru and ..." Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  38. ^ "President Kun receives Ambassador Riise of Norway" (PDF). 19 May 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  39. ^ "Memoria anual 2015" (PDF) (in Spanish). 2015. p. 23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2019.
  40. ^ "China, Nauru Establish Diplomatic Relations". china.org.cn. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  41. ^ "Bilaterale Beziehungen Schweiz–Nauru" (in German). 26 January 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  42. ^ "สาธารณรัฐนาอูรู (Nauru)" (in Thai).
  43. ^ ""LIST OF MEMBER STATES OF THE UNITED NATIONS (193) HAVING DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH CAMBODIA"". Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  44. ^ "Venezuela refuerza vínculos con diplomáticos del Pacífico". aporrea.org (in Spanish). 28 July 2007. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  45. ^ "Declaración Conjunta para el Establecimiento de Relaciones Diplomáticas entre la República Dominicana y la República de Naurú". Archived from the original on 4 October 2017.
  46. ^ "Senarai tarikh penubuhan hubungan diplomatik Malaysia dan negara – negara luar" (in Malay). Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  47. ^ "Nauru Establishes Diplomatic Ties with Abkhazia". 15 December 2009. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  48. ^ "Республика Науру признала независимость Южной Осетии" (in Russian).
  49. ^ "Nauru and Egypt establish formal links". rnz.co.nz. 27 September 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  50. ^ "Nauru Government Gazette" (PDF). Republic of Nauru. 16 February 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  51. ^ "Los gobiernoes del Uruguay y Nauru establecieron relaciones diplomáticas" (in Spanish). 23 September 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  52. ^ "Gambia establishes diplomatic ties with two Pacific countries". Archived from the original on 14 December 2012.
  53. ^ "Överenskommelse med Nauru om upprättande av diplomatiska förbindelser (SÖ 2012:57)" (in Swedish). 1 January 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  54. ^ "Indonesia-Nauru Jalin Hubungan Diplomatik (in Indonesian)". 22 December 2012.
  55. ^ "Nauru". Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  56. ^ "LIST OF STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS" (PDF). mfa.tj. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  57. ^ "Establishment of Diplomatic Relations with the Republic of Nauru". Permanent Observer Mission of the Sovereign Order of Malta to the United Nations. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  58. ^ "Nauru". mfa.gov.rs. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  59. ^ "Nauru". Fmprc.gov.cn. 6 August 2003. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  60. ^ Woo, Ryan (25 January 2024). "Former Taiwan ally Nauru re-establishes diplomatic ties with China". Reuters. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  61. ^ a b "Cuba, Nauru to Strengthen Links – Prensa Latina". Plenglish.com. 1 January 1970. Archived from the original on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  62. ^ "Cuban Literacy Method to Pacific Isle – Prensa Latina". Plenglish.com. 1 January 1970. Archived from the original on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  63. ^ "Díaz-Canel: FIHAV is a great opportunity to boost economy". Cuban News Agency. 7 November 2023. Archived from the original on 26 February 2008.
  64. ^ "Kiribati's Tong Meets Castro, Heads To UN"[permanent dead link‍], Pacific Magazine, 18 September 2008
  65. ^ "1st Cuba-Pacific Islands Ministerial Meeting opens in Havana" Archived 20 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Xinhua, 16 September 2008
  66. ^ India-Nauru Relations 2012 mea.gov.in
  67. ^ Pacific nation Nauru on brink of collapse The Age, 18 April 2004
  68. ^ "Republic of Nauru to sever diplomatic ties with Taiwan". Lismore City News. 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  69. ^ "Nauru shuts Beijing embassy, eyes renewed ties with Taiwan". The China Post. 2 August 2003. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  70. ^ "ROC restores ties with Nauru after 3 years". The China Post. 15 May 2005. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  71. ^ Davidson, Helen; Hawkins, Amy (15 January 2024). "Nauru to sever diplomatic ties with Taiwan in favour of China". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  72. ^ a b c "Relations between Turkey and Nauru". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
  73. ^ Ira Glass (5 December 2003). "The Middle of Nowhere". This American Life (Podcast). NPR. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
  74. ^ "Nauru". State.gov. 19 January 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  75. ^ "Noticias de Prensa Latina – Inicio". Plenglish.com. 1 January 1970. Archived from the original on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  76. ^ "2008 Human Rights Report: Nauru". State.gov. 25 February 2009. Archived from the original on 26 February 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  77. ^ on 28 October 2008 UTC (28 October 2008). "29 October 2008". Rnzi.com. Retrieved 22 June 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  78. ^ "FSM Diplomatic Relations List". www.fsmgov.org. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  79. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Nauru UN Permanent Mission – List of Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the Republic of Nauru and Other Countries". Archived from the original on 4 October 2014.
  80. ^ Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia (since 4/10/87),[78] Fiji, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu.[79]
  81. ^ "Nauru-Japan diplomatic relations established in 1968". Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  82. ^ "External Service Directory – accreditations and responsibilities". Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  83. ^ "Estonia Established Diplomatic Relations with Nauru". Archived from the original on 8 June 2012. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
  84. ^ "Greece diplomatic relations with Nauru since 1984". Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  85. ^ "Department of Foreign Affairs" (PDF). www.dfa.ie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 January 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  86. ^ "Lithuanians congratulate Nauru". 21 January 2009. Retrieved 8 November 2023 – via www.youtube.com.
  87. ^ "Luxembourg and Nauru establish diplomatic relations". Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  88. ^ "The government of Malta, Nauru establish diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  89. ^ "Romania and Nauru establish diplomatic relations". Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  90. ^ "Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Slovak Republic and the Republic of Nauru". Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
  91. ^ "The Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Nauru established diplomatic relations". Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  92. ^ Austria,[79] Belgium,[79] Bulgaria,[79] Cyprus,[79] Estonia,[83] France,[79] Germany,[79] Greece,[79][84] Ireland,[85] Italy,[79] Lithuania,[86] Luxembourg,[87] Malta,[88] Netherlands,[79] Romania,[89] Slovakia,[90] Slovenia,[91] Spain,[79] United Kingdom.[79]
  93. ^ Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Norway, Russia, Switzerland, Turkey.[79]
  94. ^ "Bilateral and Multilateral Relations of the Holy See, update on October 22, 2009". www.vatican.va. Archived from the original on 9 July 2014.
  95. ^ AFP news agency 12 December 1997 Micronesian state of Nauru re-establishes diplomatic relations with France
  96. ^ "DR. VJOSA OSMANI – SADRIU – Presidente e Republikës së Kosovës".
  97. ^ a b "The Republic of Nauru becomes the 17th country to revoke its recognition of Kosovo". www.mfa.gov.rs. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
  98. ^ International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia#States formally recognising Abkhazia or South Ossetia as independent
  99. ^ a b Luke Harding (14 December 2009). "Tiny Nauru struts world stage by recognizing breakaway republics". The Guardian. Moscow.
  100. ^ AAP. 14 May 2005. Taiwan Re-establishes Diplomatic Ties with Nauru. Retrieved 2006-05-05. Archived 20 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  101. ^ "Nauru, Kosovo – MasterCard Diplomacy?". Balkan Insight. 18 December 2009. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  102. ^ "Nauru Opposition Warns Australia". Voxy.co.nz. 29 October 2010. Archived from the original on 31 May 2023.
  103. ^ "Australian High Commission in the Republic of Nauru – Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Dfat.gov.au. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  104. ^ Chinese embassy in Nauru holds reopening ceremony - BELT AND ROAD PORTAL
[edit]
Retrieved from "http://en.wiki.x.io/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Nauru&oldid=1264194193#Nauru_and_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations"