Muhammad Hasan Ashtiyani

Muhammad Hasan Ashtiyani (c. 1832 – 1901) was an Iranian Shia mujtahid, jurist, and man of hadith. He was involved at the Tobacco protest against the Tobacco Régie in 1891.^[1]

Biography

Muhammad Hasan Ashtiyani was born in 1832 in Ashtiyan, in Markazi province, Iran. His father passed away when he was at age of 3.^[2] His mother hired a private teacher to educate him, from whom he learned basic education such as writing and reading the Quran. He became fascinated by theology and traveled to Boroujerd to study in a seminary.^[3] At the time, the seminary of Boroujerd was considered among the best. He learned Arabic literature and jurisprudence. At the same time, he participated in Sayyed Shafi Japalqi's courses who taught the religious teachings of Shia.^[4] Following his time in the seminary, Ashtiyani traveled to Najaf and became one of the special pupils of Shaykh Ansari. When he come back to Tehran he was a pioneer in teaching the innovations and points of his Master Shaykh Ansari. He also tried to develop the style of Ansari's school among men of religious sciences.^[5]

Political and social activity

He was also active in social and political affairs, having had a large role in the Tobacco Protest.^[6] He didn't accept the gifts and diamonds^[7] of the Shah and defended the rights of victims of the sanctions on tobacco. He strongly supported Shirazi's fatwa and the repudiation of the concession.^[8]^[9]

Family

He had four sons and one daughter.

Murtaza Ashtiyani
Hashem Ashtiyani
Iftekhar Al Olama (also known as Sahba)
Mirza Ahmad Ashtiyani, known as Valeh and considered as an eminent philosopher of philosophical school of Tehran.
Fatima, who was the mother of Mirza Mehdi Ashtiyani, a well-known philosopher.

Works

Bahr Al Favaed
Rasalah fi Al Ajza
Mabahis Al Alfaz
Kitab Al Qaza va Shahadat
Kitab Al Ijarah
Kitab Al Vaghf

Pupils

He had many pupils who would go on to be well known in their own right. They include:

Mirza Muhammad Ali Shah Abadi
Hosein Qomi
Sayyed Nasrolla Akhavi
Allameh Qazvini
Mirza Masin Alighani
Ali Akbar Hikmi
Mirza Muhammad Javad Nahavandi^[10]
Muhammad Musavi Behbahani^[11]

Death

Ashtiyani died in 1901 at the age of 71. He died in Abdul Azim Hasani. His corpse was later transferred to Najaf.

References

^ Gleave, Robert (23 November 2004). Religion and Society in Qajar Iran – Google Books. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-30419-6. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
^ Agha Bozorg Tehrani,Noghaba al bashar.vol.1.p.389.
^ "Masjid magazine". No. 41. p. 67. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
^ Tabaghat Alam Shia,vol.1.p.390
^ Katouzian, Homa (14 October 2006). State and Society in Iran: The Eclipse of the Qajars and the Emergence of ... – Homa Katouzian – Google Books. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1-84511-272-1. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
^ Aghaie, Kamran Scot (December 2011). The Martyrs of Karbala: Shi'i symbols and rituals in modern Iran – Kamran Scot Aghaie – Google Books. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-80078-3. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
^ Na?r, ?Usain; Nasr, Seyyed Hossein; Dabashi, Hamid; Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza (26 April 1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History – Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Hamid Dabashi, Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr – Google Books. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-844-7. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
^ Gerhard Böwering; Patricia Crone (2013). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton University Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-691-13484-0.
^ Poulson, Stephen C. (2006). Social Movements in Twentieth-century Iran: Culture, Ideology, and ... – Stephen C. Poulson – Google Books. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-1757-6. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
^ Gholamali Haddad Adel; Mohammad Jafar Elmi; Hassan Taromi-Rad (2012). Hawza-yi 'Ilmiyya, Shi'i Teaching Institution: An Entry from Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam. EWI Press. p. 228.236. ISBN 978-1-908433-06-0.
^ John L. Esposito (2004). the Oxford dictionary of islam. Oxford University Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-19-975726-8.

[1] Gleave, Robert (23 November 2004). Religion and Society in Qajar Iran – Google Books. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-30419-6. Retrieved 16 December 2016.

[2] Agha Bozorg Tehrani,Noghaba al bashar.vol.1.p.389.

[3] "Masjid magazine". No. 41. p. 67. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)

[4] Tabaghat Alam Shia,vol.1.p.390

[5] Katouzian, Homa (14 October 2006). State and Society in Iran: The Eclipse of the Qajars and the Emergence of ... – Homa Katouzian – Google Books. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1-84511-272-1. Retrieved 16 December 2016.

[6] Aghaie, Kamran Scot (December 2011). The Martyrs of Karbala: Shi'i symbols and rituals in modern Iran – Kamran Scot Aghaie – Google Books. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-80078-3. Retrieved 16 December 2016.

[7] Na?r, ?Usain; Nasr, Seyyed Hossein; Dabashi, Hamid; Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza (26 April 1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History – Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Hamid Dabashi, Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr – Google Books. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-844-7. Retrieved 16 December 2016.

[8] Gerhard Böwering; Patricia Crone (2013). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton University Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-691-13484-0.

[9] Poulson, Stephen C. (2006). Social Movements in Twentieth-century Iran: Culture, Ideology, and ... – Stephen C. Poulson – Google Books. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-1757-6. Retrieved 16 December 2016.

[10] Gholamali Haddad Adel; Mohammad Jafar Elmi; Hassan Taromi-Rad (2012). Hawza-yi 'Ilmiyya, Shi'i Teaching Institution: An Entry from Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam. EWI Press. p. 228.236. ISBN 978-1-908433-06-0.

[11] John L. Esposito (2004). the Oxford dictionary of islam. Oxford University Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-19-975726-8.

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