List of shipwrecks in October 1939
Appearance
The list of shipwrecks in October 1939 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during October 1939.
October 1939 | ||||||
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Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat | Sun |
1 | ||||||
2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 |
30 | 31 | |||||
References |
1 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Gun | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was stopped in the evening of 30 September 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Hanstholm, Denmark by U-3 (![]() ![]() |
HNLMS Jan van Gelder | ![]() |
The Jan van Amstel-class minesweeper was damaged by her own naval mines off Terschelling on 1 October 1939. At least five men were killed. After initial repairs at Willemsoord, Den Helder, she received a new stern at Gusto, Schiedam, and was recommissioned on 17 April 1940.[3] |
M85 | ![]() |
World War II: The Type 1916 minesweeper struck a mine laid by ORP Żbik (![]() ![]() |
Suzon | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 42 nautical miles (78 km; 48 mi) north west of Ouessant, Finistère, France (48°08′N 7°36′W / 48.133°N 7.600°W) by U-35 (![]() ![]() |
2 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Baltic | ![]() |
World War II: The schooner struck a mine and sank in the Kattegat.[7] |
ORP Czajka | ![]() |
World War II: Invasion of Poland: The minesweeper was scuttled at Hel. She was refloated the next day, salvaged and repaired and entered Kriegsmarine service as Westernplatte.[5] |
ORP Rybitwa | ![]() |
World War II: Invasion of Poland: The minesweeper was scuttled at Hel. Later salvaged by the Germans and entered Kriegsmarine service as Rixhoft.[5] |
ORP Zuraw | ![]() |
World War II: Invasion of Poland: The minesweeper was scuttled at Hel. She was refloated the next day, repaired and entered Kriegsmarine service as Oxhoft.[5] |
3 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Diamantis | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 40 nautical miles (74 km) west of the Skellig Islands, County Kerry, Ireland (49°22′N 6°46′W / 49.367°N 6.767°W) by U-35 (![]() |
Høegh Transporter | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine off Saint John's Island, Singapore and sank with the loss of one crew member. The ship was later salvaged.[4][5] |
4 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Glen Farg | ![]() |
World War II: The coaster was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 60 nautical miles (110 km) south south west of Sumburgh Head, Shetland Islands (58°52′N 1°31′W / 58.867°N 1.517°W) by U-23 (![]() ![]() |
Mopsa | ![]() |
World War II: The fishing vessel ran ashore on Aberdeen beach, abreast the Beach Ballroom due to the blackout. The crew of nine were rescued. It was found impossible to free the vessel from the sands, and she was broken up where she lay.[13] |
5 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Marwarri | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine laid in the Bristol Channel (51°24′N 3°57′W / 51.400°N 3.950°W) by U-32 (![]() |
Newton Beech | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was captured in the Atlantic Ocean south of Freetown, Sierra Leone (9°35′S 6°30′W / 9.583°S 6.500°W) by Admiral Graf Spee (![]() |
Stonegate | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 400 nautical miles (740 km) east south east of Bermuda (31°10′N 54°00′W / 31.167°N 54.000°W) by Deutschland (![]() |
6 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Lochgoil | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine laid by U-32 (![]() ![]() |
Mahratta | ![]() |
World War II: Convoy HG 1: The cargo ship (6,690 GRT, 1917) ran aground on the Fork Spit, Goodwin Sands, Kent and was wrecked. Her crew were rescued by the hoveller Lady Haig (![]() |
7 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Ashlea | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was captured and sunk in the South Atlantic (9°00′S 3°00′W / 9.000°S 3.000°W) by Admiral Graf Spee (![]() |
Binnendijk | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine laid by U-26 (![]() ![]() |
Safe | ![]() |
World War II: The coaster departed from Antwerp, Belgium for Riga but never arrived and was lost without a trace with all seven hands. She probably struck a mine in the North Sea around 10 October.[22][23] |
8 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
U-12 | ![]() |
World War II: The Type IIB submarine (275/323 t, 1935) struck a mine and sank in the English Channel off Dover, Kent, United Kingdom (approximately 51°10′N 1°30′E / 51.167°N 1.500°E) with the loss of all 27 crew. |
Vistula | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 35 nautical miles (65 km) north of Muckle Flugga, Shetland Islands, United Kingdom by U-37 (![]() |
9 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Indra | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship (1,999 GRT) was badly damaged by a mine in the North Sea off Terschelling, Friesland, Netherlands. Three crew were killed and 6 of the 20 survivors were wounded. The ship was towed to IJmuiden, Netherlands.[27][28] Subsequently repaired and returned to service.[29] |
Mount Ida | ![]() |
The cargo ship ran aground on the Ower Bank in the North Sea (53°07′30″N 2°06′30″E / 53.12500°N 2.10833°E).[30] All 29 crew rescued by lifeboat but one later died from injuries sustained during the rescue.[citation needed] |
10 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Huntsman | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was captured in the South Atlantic (8°30′S 5°15′W / 8.500°S 5.250°W) by Admiral Graf Spee (![]() |
Marly | ![]() |
The cargo ship foundered in a cyclone in the Indian Ocean (18°30′N 72°21′E / 18.500°N 72.350°E) with the loss of all 46 crew.[32] |
Saltaire | ![]() |
The fishing trawler ran aground at Spurn Point, Yorkshire. Salvage attempts failed and she was declared a total loss.[33] |
12 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Aris | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean off the west coast of Ireland (53°28′N 14°30′W / 53.467°N 14.500°W) by U-37 (![]() ![]() |
Crane | ![]() |
With no one aboard, the fishing vessel was wrecked at Valdez, Territory of Alaska.[35] |
Emile Miguet | ![]() |
World War II: Convoy KJ 2S: The tanker straggled behind the convoy. She was torpedoed and damaged in the Atlantic Ocean 190 nautical miles (350 km) south west of the Fastnet Rock (50°15′N 14°50′W / 50.250°N 14.833°W) by U-48 (![]() ![]() ![]() |
Princeton | ![]() |
During a voyage from Haines to Sitka, Territory of Alaska, with three passengers, a crew of three, and a cargo of four tons of potatoes, the motor vessel was wrecked without loss of life during a gale on Little Island (58°32′25″N 135°02′35″W / 58.54028°N 135.04306°W) in Lynn Canal in Southeast Alaska. On 13 October, the Alaska Game Commission motor vessel Bear (![]() |
13 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Gressholm | ![]() |
World War II: The coaster struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 90 nautical miles (170 km) north west of Texel, North Holland, Netherlands (53°55′N 2°55′E / 53.917°N 2.917°E) with the loss of three of her eleven crew. Survivors were rescued by Emmi (![]() |
Heronspool | ![]() |
World War II: Convoy OB 17S: The cargo ship straggled behind the convoy. She was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 260 nautical miles (480 km) south west of the Fastnet Rock (50°13′N 14°48′W / 50.217°N 14.800°W) by U-48 (![]() ![]() |
Louisiane | ![]() |
World War II: Convoy OA 17: The cargo ship straggled behind the convoy. She was torpedoed, shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 240 nautical miles (440 km) south west of the Fastnet Rock (50°14′N 15°05′W / 50.233°N 15.083°W) by U-48 (![]() ![]() |
U-40 | ![]() |
World War II: The Type IXA submarine struck a mine in the English Channel (50°42′N 0°15′E / 50.700°N 0.250°E) and sank with the loss of 45 of her 48 crew. Survivors were rescued by HMS Boreas and HMS Brazen (both ![]() |
U-42 | ![]() |
World War II: The Type IXA submarine (1,016/1,134 t, 1939) was depth charged and sunk in the Atlantic Oceann (49°12′00″N 16°00′00″W / 49.20000°N 16.00000°W) by HMS Imogen and HMS Ilex (both ![]() |
14 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Bretagne | ![]() |
World War II: Convoy KJF 3: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 130 nautical miles (240 km) south west of the Fastnet Rock (50°20′N 12°45′W / 50.333°N 12.750°W) by U-45 (![]() ![]() |
Lochavon | ![]() |
World War II: Convoy KJF 3: The cargo liner was torpedoed and damaged in the Atlantic Ocean 230 nautical miles (430 km) south west of the Fastnet Rock by U-45 (![]() ![]() |
Lorentz W. Hansen | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 420 nautical miles (780 km) east of Newfoundland (49°05′N 43°44′W / 49.083°N 43.733°W) by Deutschland (![]() |
Marion Traber | ![]() |
The cargo ship ran aground in the Baltic Sea off Nyköping, Sweden and was wrecked.[4] |
HMS Royal Oak | ![]() |
World War II: The Revenge-class battleship (29,150/33,240 t, 1916) was torpedoed and sunk in Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands (at 58°55′N 2°59′W / 58.917°N 2.983°W) by U-47 (![]() |
Sneaton | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed, shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 150 nautical miles (280 km) south west of the Fastnet Rock (49°05′N 13°05′W / 49.083°N 13.083°W) by U-48 (![]() ![]() |
U-45 | ![]() |
World War II: The Type VIIB submarine was depth charged and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean south west of Ireland (50°58′N 12°57′W / 50.967°N 12.950°W) by HMS Icarus, HMS Inglefield, HMS Intrepid and HMS Ivanhoe (all ![]() |
15 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Vermont | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 360 nautical miles (670 km; 410 mi) south west of the Fastnet Rock (48°01′N 17°22′W / 48.017°N 17.367°W) by U-37 (![]() ![]() |
Wanja | ![]() |
The cargo ship ran aground off Sanday, Orkney Islands, United Kingdom and was wrecked. All 26 crew were rescued.[53][54] |
16 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Halle | ![]() |
World War II: The blockade running cargo ship was intercepted in the Atlantic Ocean south west of Dakar, Senegal by Duguay-Trouin (![]() |
Ionic Star | ![]() |
The cargo ship ran aground in Liverpool Bay off Southport, Lancashire. There were no casualties. Her cargo was later salvaged, but the ship was a total loss.[55] |
17 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
City of Mandalay | ![]() |
World War II: Convoy HG 3: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 360 nautical miles (670 km) west north west of Cape Finisterre, Spain (44°57′N 13°36′W / 44.950°N 13.600°W) by U-46 (![]() ![]() ![]() |
Clan Chisholm | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship (7,256 GRT, 1937) was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 150 nautical miles (280 km) north north west of Cape Finisterre (approximately 44°57′N 13°40′W / 44.950°N 13.667°W) by U-48 (![]() ![]() |
Huntsman | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was sunk with demolition charges in the South Atlantic (16°00′S 17°00′W / 16.000°S 17.000°W) by Admiral Graf Spee (![]() |
HMS Iron Duke | ![]() |
World War II: The Iron Duke-class battleship (21,250/24,000 t, 1914) was attacked by four Junkers Ju 88 aircraft of 1 Staffeln, Kampfgeschwader 30, Luftwaffe at Scapa Flow and was beached to prevent her sinking.[59] Twenty-five crew were killed. She was later repaired and returned to service.[citation needed] |
V 804 Skolpenbank | ![]() |
World War II: The vorpostenboot struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off Schiermonnikoog, Friesland, Netherlands.[60] |
Yorkshire | ![]() |
World War II: Convoy HG 3: She was a cargo liner torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 700 nautical miles (1,300 km) west of Bordeaux, Gironde, France (44°52′N 14°31′W / 44.867°N 14.517°W) by U-37 (![]() ![]() |
18 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Gonzenheim | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was intercepted in the Denmark Strait (63°25′N 12°00′W / 63.417°N 12.000°W) by HMS Rawalpindi (![]() |
19 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
City of London | ![]() |
The coaster collided in the River Thames with a Dutch vessel and was beached at World's End, Tilbury, Essex.[63] |
Martha | ![]() |
The 30-fishing vessel was wrecked on either Walrus Island (56°01′40″N 160°50′00″W / 56.02778°N 160.83333°W) or Deer Island near Nelson Lagoon, Territory of Alaska, after a storm carried away her rudder. Her four crew survived.[64] |
ShCh-424 | ![]() |
The Shchuka-class submarine collided in Kola Bay with the fishing trawler RT-43 (![]() |
20 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Azariah | ![]() |
The Thames barge sank in the North Sea off Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex.[67] (Look 29 September 1939) |
Gustaf Adolf | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed, shelled and sunk in the North Sea 50 nautical miles (93 km) north of Sullom Voe, Shetland Islands (61°00′N 0°48′E / 61.000°N 0.800°E) by U-34 (![]() ![]() |
Sea Venture | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed, shelled and sunk in the North Sea east of the Shetland Islands (60°50′N 0°15′E / 60.833°N 0.250°E) by U-34 (![]() |
21 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Capitaine Edmond Laborie | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km) east of the Inner Dowsing Lightship (![]() ![]() |
Deodata | ![]() |
World War II: The tanker struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off Great Yarmouth, Norfolk (53°21′00″N 0°36′09″E / 53.35000°N 0.60250°E). Her crew were rescued by the Gorleston Lifeboat Louise Stephens (![]() |
Lake Neuchatel | ![]() |
World War II: The special service ship was scuttled as a blockship in Kirk Sound, Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands. She was refloated in June 1948 and scrapped.[77][78] |
New Mathilde | ![]() |
The cargo ship foundered in the South China Sea 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) off Kwangchowan, French Indo-China.[79][80] |
Orsa | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 15 nautical miles (28 km) off Flamborough Head, Yorkshire with the loss of 16 of her 20 crew. Survivors were rescued by HMS Woolston (![]() |
Poseidon | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was captured in the Denmark Strait (67°08′N 21°18′W / 67.133°N 21.300°W by HMS Scotstoun (![]() ![]() |
V 701 Este | ![]() |
World War II: The vorpostenboot struck a mine and sank in the Baltic Sea off Møn, Denmark with the loss of 70 of her 75 crew.[59][50][83][84] |
22 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Trevanion | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the South Atlantic (19°40′S 4°02′W / 19.667°S 4.033°W) by Admiral Graf Spee (![]() |
Whitemantle | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 5 to 6 nautical miles (9.3 to 11.1 km) off the Withernsea Lighthouse, Yorkshire with the loss of fourteen of her crew.[4][50] |
23 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Albania | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) off the Humber Lightship (![]() ![]() |
Emmy Friederich | ![]() |
World War II: The tanker was intercepted in the Yucatán Channel, Gulf of Mexico by HMS Caradoc (![]() ![]() |
24 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Izan Maru | ![]() |
The cargo ship was driven ashore at Okha, Soviet Union. She was refloated on 24 January 1941 and towed in to Iloilo, Philippines. She was declared a constructive total loss.[90] |
Konstantinos Hadjipateras | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off the Inner Dowsing Lightship (![]() ![]() |
Ledbury | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 100 nautical miles (190 km) west of Gibraltar (36°01′N 7°22′W / 36.017°N 7.367°W) by U-37 (![]() ![]() ![]() |
Menin Ridge | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk 100 nautical miles (190 km) west of Gibraltar (36°01′N 7°22′W / 36.017°N 7.367°W) by U-37 (![]() ![]() |
Tafna | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 84 nautical miles (156 km) west of Gibraltar (35°44′N 7°23′W / 35.733°N 7.383°W) by U-37 (![]() ![]() |
25 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Amvrakia | ![]() |
The cargo liner ran aground on Euboea Island and was wrecked. Seven passengers died.[97][98][99] |
U-16 | ![]() |
World War II: The Type IIB submarine was depth charged and sunk in the English Channel off Dover, Kent, United Kingdom by HMS Cayton Wyke and HMS Puffin (both ![]() |
27 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Bronte | ![]() |
World War II: Convoy OB 25: The cargo ship was torpedoed and damaged in the Atlantic Ocean west of Ireland (49°30′N 12°15′W / 49.500°N 12.250°W) by U-34 (![]() ![]() ![]() |
USC&GS Mikawe | ![]() |
The hydrographic survey launch was destroyed by fire in a fueling incident at Norfolk, Virginia. |
28 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Lynx II | ![]() |
World War II: The fishing trawler was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean north west of the Orkney Islands (59°50′N 4°20′W / 59.833°N 4.333°W) by U-59 (![]() ![]() ![]() |
St. Nidan | ![]() |
World War II: The fishing trawler was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean north west of the Orkney Islands (59°50′N 4°20′W / 59.833°N 4.333°W) by U-59 (![]() ![]() |
29 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Malabar | ![]() |
World War II: Convoy HX 5A: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 60 miles (97 km) west north west of Bishop Rock (49°57′N 7°37′W / 49.950°N 7.617°W) by U-34 (![]() ![]() |
Varangmalm | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea (53°50′N 0°17′E / 53.833°N 0.283°E) with the loss of a crew member. Survivors were rescued by the fishing trawler Conida (![]() |
30 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Cairnmona | ![]() |
World War II: Convoy HX 5B: The cargo ship was torpedoed and damaged in the North Sea off Rattray Head, Aberdeenshire (57°38′N 1°45′W / 57.633°N 1.750°W) by U-13 (![]() ![]() ![]() |
Juno | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off Withernsea, Yorkshire (53°40′N 0°17′E / 53.667°N 0.283°E) with the loss of all six crew.[50][111] |
HMS Northern Rover | ![]() |
World War II: The armed boarding vessel was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean north west of the Orkney Islands by U-59 (![]() |
Thrasyvoulos | ![]() |
World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 160 nautical miles (300 km) west of Ireland (49°25′N 11°18′W / 49.417°N 11.300°W) by U-37 (![]() ![]() |
31 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Baoulé | ![]() |
World War II: Convoy 20K: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 45 nautical miles (83 km) west north west of A Coruña, Spain (43°48′N 9°08′W / 43.800°N 9.133°W) by U-25 (![]() |
References
[edit]- ^ Rohwer, Jürgen; Gerhard Hümmelchen. "Seekrieg 1939, September". Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart (in German). Retrieved 4 March 2015.
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- ^ "Scheepswrak: Willem van Ewijck" (in Dutch). Wrakkenmuseum. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah "TIME-LINE Merchant and Navy Ship events 1939 - 1945 (WWII)". Mareud. Archived from the original on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w "Naval Events, October 1939, Part 1 of 2, Sunday 1st - Saturday 14th". Naval History. Retrieved 3 December 2011.
- ^ "Suzon". Uboat. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
- ^ "Baltic (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ "Greek Crew Landed in Eire". The Times. No. 48429. London. 6 October 1939. col G, p. 3.
- ^ "SS Diamantis (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ "Diamantis". Uboat. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
- ^ "SS Glen Farg (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ "Glen Farg". Uboat. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
- ^ "Mopsa". llangibby.eclipse.co.uk. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
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- ^ Haarr, Geirr (2013). The Gathering Storm: The Naval War in Northern Europe September 1939 – April 1940. Seaforth Publishing. p. 249. ISBN 978-1-84832-140-3.
- ^ Tovey, Ron. "A Chronology of Bristol Channel Shipwrecks" (PDF). Swansea Docks. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
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- ^ "Loppersum". Shipping & Shipbuilding Research Trust. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Jordan, Roger (1999). The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939. London: Chatham publishing. p. 523. ISBN 1-86176-023-X.
- ^ "SS Huntsman (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ "D/S Marly". Warsailors. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
- ^ "FV Saltaire (GY558) (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ "SS Aris (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (C)
- ^ "MV Emile Miguet (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (P)
- ^ "SS Gressholm (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ "Heronspool". Uboat. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
- ^ "SS Louisiane (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ^ "Louisiane". Uboat. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
- ^ Jordan, Roger (1999). The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939. London: Chatham Publishing. p. 459. ISBN 1-86176-023-X.
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- ^ "SS Lorentz W. Hansen (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
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- ^ "Apology From U-boat To Victim". The Times. No. 48443. London. 23 October 1939. col C, p. 10.
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