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List of local winds

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of names given to winds local to specific regions.

Africa

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  • Berg wind, a seasonal katabatic wind blowing down the Great Escarpment from the high central plateau to the coast in South Africa.
  • Cape Doctor, often persistent and dry south-easterly wind that blows on the South African coast from spring to late summer (September to March in the southern hemisphere).
  • Haboob, a sandstorm's fast moving wind which causes cold temperature over the area from where it passes. It mainly passes through Sudan of Africa continent.
  • Harmattan, a dry wind that blows from the northeast, bringing dust from the Sahara south toward the Gulf of Guinea.
  • Khamsin (khamaseen in Egypt) and similar winds named Haboob in the Sudan, Aajej in southern Morocco, Ghibli in Libya and Tunisia, Harmattan in the western Maghreb, Sirocco, a south wind from the Sahara and Simoom in the Arabian Peninsula.
  • Tsiokantimo (strong south wind blowing southwest Madagascar)

Asia

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Central Asia

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Eastern Asia

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  • Buran (a wind which blows across eastern Asia. It is also known as Purga when over the tundra)
  • Karakaze (strong cold mountain wind from Gunma Prefecture in Japan)
  • East Asian Monsoon, known in Korea as jangma (장마), and in Japan as tsuyu (梅雨) when advancing northwards in the spring and shurin (秋霖) when retreating southwards in autumn.
  • Oroshi () (strong katabatic wind across the Kanto Plain)

Northern Asia

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Southeast Asia

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Southern Asia

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Western Asia

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  • Gilavar (south wind in the Absheron Peninsula of the Azerbaijan Republic)
  • N'aschi (northeastern wind on the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf, and on the Makran coast)
  • Rashabar (or Rashaba) ("black wind") (a strong wind in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, particularly in Sulaimaniya)[4]
  • Shamal (a summer northwesterly wind blowing over Iraq and the Persian Gulf states)
  • Sharqi (seasonal dry, dusty Middle Eastern wind coming from the south and southeast)
  • Simoom (Samiel) (strong, dry, desert wind that blows in Israel, Jordan, Syria, and the desert of Arabia)
  • Wind of 120 days (a four-month-long hot and dry wind over the Sistan Basin in Iran and Afghanistan)

The Americas

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Latin America and the Caribbean

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Caribbean

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  • Alisio (easterly trade wind in the Caribbean)[5]
  • Alize (northeasterly across Central America and the Caribbean)
  • Bayamo (violent wind on Cuba's southern coast)
  • Brisote (the northeast trade wind when it is blowing more strongly than usual, in Cuba)[6]

Mexico

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  • Cordonazo, also referred to as el cordonazo de San Francisco or the Lash of St Francis (southerly hurricane winds along the west coast of Mexico)
  • Coromuel (south to south-west wind in the La Paz area of the Baja California peninsula and the Gulf of California)
  • Norte (strong cold northeasterly wind in Mexico)

Central America

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South America

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North America

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Europe

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  • Aquilone [it] (cold and usually strong northerly or northeasterly wind in Italy)
  • Autan [fr] (warm, föhn-type southeasterly wind in the Mediterranean Languedoc region)
  • Bise (cold, northern wind in France and northeastern wind in Switzerland)
  • Böhm (cold, dry wind in Central Europe)
  • Bora (northeasterly from eastern Europe to northeastern Italy and northwestern Balkans)
  • Burle (north wind which blows in the winter in south-central France)
  • Cers (strong, very dry northeasterly wind in the bas-Languedoc region in southern France)
  • Cierzo (cool north/northwesterly wind on Ebro Valley in Spain)
  • Crivăț (strong, very cold north-easterly wind in Moldavia, Dobruja, and the Bărăgan Plain parts of Romania.)
  • Etesian (Greek name) or Meltem (Turkish name) (northerly across Greece and Turkey)
  • Euro [it] (a warm and usually moderate wind from Africa that reaches the Ionian coast of Italy)
  • Euroclydon (a cyclonic tempestuous northeast wind in the Mediterranean)
  • Föhn or foehn (a warm, dry, southerly wind off the northern side of the Alps and North Italy. The name gave rise to the fén-fēng (焚風 'burning wind') of Taiwan).
  • Gregale (northeasterly from Greece)
  • Halny (in northern Carpathians)
  • Helm (north-easterly wind in Cumbria, England)
  • Košava (strong and cold southeasterly season wind in Serbia)[13]
  • Viento de Levante or Levanter (easterly through Strait of Gibraltar)
  • Leste (hot, dry, easterly wind of the Madeira and Canary Islands)
  • Leveche (Spanish name for a warm southwest wind in parts of coastal Mediterranean Spain)
  • Libeccio (southwesterly towards Italy)
  • Llevantades (north-north-east and east-north-east on the east coast of Spain)
  • Lodos (southwesterly towards Turkey. Strong "Lodos" events occur 6 - 7 times a year bringing 35 kt winds into Marmara Sea. The winds are funnelled SE from the Mediterranean and through the Dardanelles Strait.)
  • Maestro (cold northerly in the Adriatic Sea)
  • Marin (south-easterly from Mediterranean to France)
  • Mistral (cold northerly from central France and the Alps to Mediterranean)
  • Nordés (north-eastern wind in Galicia)
  • Ostro (southerly wind in the Mediterranean)
  • Poniente, ponente, or ponent (strong west to east wind formed by the wind tunnel effect of the Gibraltar Strait; see Levante for the opposite)
  • Sirocco (southerly warm and moist wind from north Africa to southern Europe, mostly to Southern Italy and to the Balkans)
  • Solano (south to south-easterly wind in the southern sector of Spain)
  • Tramontane (cold northwesterly from the Pyrenees or northeasterly from the Alps to the Mediterranean, similar to Mistral)
  • Vendavel (westerly through the Strait of Gibraltar)
  • Murlan (cold and dry northeasterly wind in winter in Albania, Montenegro and Northwestern part of North Macedonia)
  • Winds of Provence

Oceania

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Australia

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Hawaii

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New Guinea

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New Zealand

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References

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  1. ^ Kotliakov, Vladimir Mikhaĭlovich and Komarova, Anna Igorevna (2006) Elsevier's dictionary of geography: in English, French, Spanish and German Elsevier, Boston, page 392, ISBN 978-0-444-51042-6
  2. ^ English, Fr. Leo James (2004). Tagalog-English Dictionary. Manila: Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer. ISBN 971-08-4357-5.
  3. ^ PAGASA Archived 2013-05-26 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Rudloff, Willy (1981) World-climates, with tables of climatic data and practical suggestions Wissensdraftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart, Germany, page 242, ISBN 3-8047-0509-X
  5. ^ Lizano, Omar (2007). "Climatología del viento y oleaje frente a las costas de Costa Rica" (PDF). Ciencia y Tecnología. Retrieved 2016-02-04.
  6. ^ Forrester, Frank H. (1981). 1001 Questions Answered about the Weather. Courier Corporation. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-486-24218-7.
  7. ^ Miller A. World Survey of Climatology. Volume 12. Chapter 3. Climate of Chile.
  8. ^ "Highway 70 blaze 100 percent contained". Paradise Post. 2015-07-27. Retrieved 2018-11-19.
  9. ^ Newberry, Paige St John, Anna M. Phillips, Joseph Serna, Sonali Kohli, Laura (18 November 2018). "California fire: What started as a tiny brush fire became the state's deadliest wildfire. Here's how". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2018-11-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Stephen Pax Leonard, "Life in Greenland's polar desert", The Observer 2011-10-30
  11. ^ Government of Canada (2003-05-01), Twister Sisters Environment Canada, archived from the original on 2009-09-24, retrieved 2009-08-05
  12. ^ Bowyer, Peter J. and Gray, John M. (1995) Where the wind blows: a guide to marine weather in Atlantic Canada Breakwater, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, ISBN 1-55081-119-3
  13. ^ Romanić D. Ćurić M. Jovičić I. Lompar M. 2015. Long-term trends of the ‘Koshava’ wind during the period 1949–2010. International Journal of Climatology 35(2):288-302. DOI:10.1002/joc.3981.
  14. ^ "Kona Low Drenches the State of Hawaii". www.weather.gov. NOAA, US Department of Commerce. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
  15. ^ Malo, David (1903) Hawaiian antiquities (Moolelo Hawaii) Hawaiian Gazette Company, Honolulu, Hawaii, page 34 OCLC 13734333
  16. ^ "Warm braw". ametsoc.org. Glossary of Meteorology, American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
  17. ^ Richards, K., (2017) "Book Review: "New Zealand’s Worst Disasters. True Stories That Rocked a Nation"," Weather & climate, 37, 1, pp. 37–41. Retrieved 18 February 2024.