From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The following is a list of gig economy companies . The list includes only companies that have been noted by sources as being former or current gig economy companies.
The Congressional Research Service defines the "gig economy " as:
the collection of markets that match providers to consumers on a gig (or job) basis in support of on-demand commerce. In the basic model, gig workers enter into formal agreements with on-demand companies to provide services to company's clients. Prospective clients request services through an Internet-based technological platform or smartphone application that allows them to search for providers or to specify jobs. Providers (gig workers) engaged by the on-demand company provide the requested service and are compensated for the jobs.[ 1] [ 2]
In 2019, Queensland University of Technology published a report stating 7% of Australians participate in the gig economy.[ 3] [ 4] Bank of Canada report, 18% of Canadians worked in the gig economy for non-recreational reasons.[ 5] [ 4] World Bank estimated that globally, fewer than 0.5% of people in the "active labor force" take part in the gig economy.[ 6]
List of gig economy companies [ edit ]
Company
Based in
Description
italki United States [ a] An online language learning platform[ 82]
VIPKid China An online platform for Chinese students to receive lessons from fluent English-speaking teachers[ 83]
Business and technical services [ edit ] Transportation and parking [ edit ]
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb Service available worldwide in several different countries. See individual company page(s) for details.
^ a b c d e f Service currently only available in select European countries.
^ a b Service currently only available in South America
^ a b c d e Service currently only available in select Asian countries.
^ a b c Service currently only available in USA and Canada.
Footnotes
^ Donovan, Sarah A.; Bradley, David H.; Shimabbukuro, Jon O. (2016-02-05). "What Does the Gig Economy Mean for Workers?" (PDF) . Congressional Research Service . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-08-10. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Kalleberg, Arne L. ; Dunn, Michael (2016). "Good Jobs, Bad Jobs in the Gig Economy" (PDF) . Perspectives on Work the original (PDF) on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 .^ a b Carey, Rachel (2019-06-19). "The so-called 'gig economy' changing the Australian workforce" . Special Broadcasting Service . Archived from the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ a b Rothschild, Viola (2018-09-07). "China's Gig Economy is Driving Close to the Edge" . Foreign Policy the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ Kostyshyna, Olena; Luu, Corinne (June 2019). "The Size and Characteristics of Informal ("Gig") Work in Canada" (PDF) . Bank of Canada . p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-10-07. Retrieved 2019-10-07 . ^ a b World Bank (2019) , p. 26^ Ravenelle (2019) , p. 166^ a b Gelles, David (2018-11-06). "Give Gig Economy Workers Equity? The S.E.C. Is Considering It" . The New York Times the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ Meyer, David (2019-04-30). "Why Airbnb Could Escape the Uber Trap in Europe" . Fortune the original on 2019-10-04. Retrieved 2020-03-28 . ^ Sanders, Donald E.; Pattison, Patricia (2016-10-01). "Worker Characterization in a Gig Economy Viewed through an Uber Centric Lens" . Southern Law Journal . 26 (1). ProQuest 1860277041 . Archived from the original on 2019-10-07. Retrieved 2019-10-07 . ^ Peng, Jenny (2015-07-22). "Asia must get to grips with Airbnb and the growing 'gig economy' to make business competition fair" . South China Morning Post the original on 2019-09-29. Retrieved 2019-09-29 . ^ a b Pagano (2017) ^ Mulcahy (2016) , p. 160^ Udell & Woodill (2019) ^ Overly, Steven (2016-10-13). "Uber and Airbnb helped expand the gig economy. These researchers think they've measured how much" . The Washington Post the original on 2019-09-29. Retrieved 2019-09-29 . ^ "This July, HomeAway is becoming Vrbo — a single brand giving families even more ways to travel better together" . homeaway.com . 2020-07-01. Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2020-07-02 .^ Jing, Meng (2017-02-26). "Pots of gold await in China's gig economy: how mobile technology is transforming the world's biggest jobs market" . South China Morning Post the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ Scheiber, Noam (2016-09-14). "Care.com Creates a $500 Limited Benefit for Gig-Economy Workers" . The New York Times the original on 2019-09-29. Retrieved 2019-09-29 .^ Kessler, Sarah (2018-06-13). "The future of work will raise difficult questions. Are we prepared to confront them?" . Quartz the original on 2019-09-29. Retrieved 2019-09-29 . ^ Said, Carolyn (2017-11-22). "Nonprofit offers free course on how to do gig work" . San Francisco Chronicle the original on 2019-10-07. Retrieved 2019-10-07 . ^ Bass, Debra D. (2016-06-24). "Massage on-demand app comes to St. Louis" . St. Louis Post-Dispatch the original on 2020-02-16. Retrieved 2020-02-16 . ^ Wen, Tiffanie (2018-02-02). "The entourages of the travel elite" . BBC Online Archived from the original on 2020-02-16. Retrieved 2020-02-16 . ^ Gee, Kelsey (2017-08-08). "In a Job Market This Good, Who Needs to Work in the Gig Economy?" . The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ Ward, Marguerite (2015-08-03). "How apps are transforming US trucking" . CNBC . Archived from the original on 2019-09-30. Retrieved 2019-09-30 . ^ Butler, Sarah (2018-09-26). "Uber and CitySprint among gig economy firms to face parliament" . The Guardian the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ Chapman, Ben (2018-04-06). "Gig economy union files £200,000 holiday pay claim against courier company CitySprint" . The Independent the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ Said, Carolyn (2019-06-22). "Deliv switching California couriers to employees – 'start of a wave' . San Francisco Chronicle the original on 2019-09-30. Retrieved 2019-09-30 . ^ a b Mims, Christophoer (2019-05-04). "In a Tight Labor Market, Gig Workers Get Harder to Please" . The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on 2019-09-30. Retrieved 2019-09-30 . ^ a b c "DPD improves workers' rights after driver's death" . BBC Online the original on 2019-09-30. Retrieved 2019-09-30 .^ a b c Rao, Mohit M (2019-08-30). "The 'gig' economy is creating lakhs of jobs, but workers don't see a future" . The Hindu the original on 2019-09-30. Retrieved 2019-09-30 . ^ Booth, Robert (2017-05-12). "Royal Mail firm launches review after admitting it denied courier benefits: eCourier says it wrongly classified Demille Flanore as an independent contractor, thus denying him holiday and sick pay" . The Guardian the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ a b Lomas, Natasha (2019-03-26). "Flipkart ranked highly for 'fairness' of working conditions in India gig platform study" . TechCrunch the original on 2019-09-30. Retrieved 2019-09-30 . ^ Cowan, Emery (2018-03-26). "The good and the bad of gig work in Flagstaff" . Arizona Daily Sun the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ a b Hall (2019) , p. 164^ Wright, Robert (2019-02-03). "Hermes couriers awarded union recognition in gig economy first" . Financial Times Archived from the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ "Socso hopes more gig workers will benefit from social protection [NSTTV]" . New Straits Times Bernama . 2020-06-16. Archived from the original on 2021-03-01. Retrieved 2021-03-01 .^ Bandeira, Luiza (2019-07-02). "The gig economy is a double-edged sword for migrant workers: Is this the model for an economy that breeds unicorns?" . BBC Online Archived from the original on 2020-02-16. Retrieved 2020-02-16 . ^ Rueda, Manuel (2019-07-29). "Venezuelan migrants propel billion-dollar delivery app: Rappi, like similar companies, has also come under criticism for its modern-day labour practices, which reflect some of the shortcomings of the gig economy" . Buenos Aires Times Associated Press . Archived from the original on 2020-02-16. Retrieved 2020-02-16 . ^ Wyss, Jim (2019-05-20). "How a Colombian billion-dollar delivery app became a lifeline for Venezuelan migrants" . Miami Herald the original on 2020-02-16. Retrieved 2020-02-16 . ^ Morris, David Z. (2018-01-15). "Why Empty Backseats May Be the Next Big Thing In Delivering Packages to Your Doorstep" . Fortune the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2020-07-15 . ^ Kerr, Dara (2017-12-20). "Hitching a ride with delivery app Roadie" . CNET . Archived from the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2020-07-15 . ^ Schwartz, Karen (2019-07-03). "Have Work, Will Travel" . The New York Times the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2020-07-15 . ^ Raymond, Art (2018-05-07). "New gig economy service bringing groceries right to your door – in an hour" . Deseret News Archived from the original on 2019-09-29. Retrieved 2019-09-29 . ^ Finaldi, Laura (2019-06-10). " . The Palm Beach Post the original on 2019-09-29. Retrieved 2019-09-29 . ^ Harnett, Sam (2016-09-21). "Gig Companies Go Old School and Hire Workers" . KQED . Archived from the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ a b Fernyhough, James (2016-11-04). "Uber ruling has 'profound implications' for auto-enrolment" . Financial Times the original on 2019-09-30. Retrieved 2019-09-30 . ^ Jacobs, Sherelle (2018-04-30). "The government must incentivise businesses to make the gig economy ethical" . The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on 2019-10-05. Retrieved 2019-10-07 .^ "Zomato, Swiggy, Uber score least on fair working conditions for workers among all apps" . The News Minute the original on 2021-03-01. Retrieved 2021-03-01 .^ "L'alveare che dice si, una rete al femminile. Chi ha detto che l'agricoltura è un mestiere maschile?" (in Italian). TeleAmbiente TV. 2018-03-12. Archived from the original on 2019-09-29. Retrieved 2019-09-29 .^ Cheng, Kenneth; Ming, Toh Ee (2017-05-19). "The Big Read: The unstoppable march of the gig economy" . Today the original on 2021-03-01. Retrieved 2021-03-01 . ^ Wei, Aw Cheng (2019-05-13). "Honestbee can fly high again: Analysts" . The Straits Times the original on 2021-03-01. Retrieved 2021-03-01 . ^ Tims, Anna (2017-11-19). "Gig economy ruling has Deliveroo riders without rights and buying their own kit" . The Guardian the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ Stone, Jon (2019-04-17). "EU introduces new minimum rights for 'gig economy' workers like Uber drivers and Deliveroo riders" . The Independent the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ a b Nuttall, Chris (2019-02-28). "The takeaway on the gig economy" . Financial Times Archived from the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ a b c Griswold, Alison (2016-10-20). "Startups have a crazy new idea for saving money: Be nice to workers" . Quartz the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ Robb, Alice (2018-10-30). "The people changing retirement with side hustles" . BBC Online . Archived from the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2020-07-15 . ^ Sundararajan, Arun (2015-07-26). "The 'gig economy' is coming. What will it mean for work?" . The Guardian the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 .^ "BofA Customers Strike $5M Deal In Overdraft Fee Battle" . Law360 . 2019-06-30. Archived from the original on 2019-10-07. Retrieved 2019-10-06 . non-recurring debit card transactions that originated from "gig economy" merchants, like Lyft, Grubhub, PicMonkey LLC, Eatstreet Inc. ^ Borak, Marsha (2019-05-10). "Before Uber, Didi drivers had their own strikes" . Abacus News . South China Morning Post . Archived from the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ Kessler, Sarah (2016-04-06). "Could A Minimum Wage Work In The Gig Economy? Favor, an on-demand delivery startup with 10,000 drivers, has an unusual policy: a minimum wage" . Fast Company the original on 2021-11-07. Retrieved 2021-11-07 . ^ Mojtehedzadeh, Sara (2019-09-10). "Future of gig economy workers at stake in Foodora couriers' unionization battle" . Toronto Star the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ Cavallini (2019) , p. 2^ a b Thaker, Aria (2019-03-26). "The ugly truth behind being a gig-economy worker in India" . Quartz the original on 2019-09-30. Retrieved 2019-09-30 . ^ Madariaga et al. (2019) , p. 17^ a b Cavallini (2019) , p. 4^ a b c d e Winkie, Luke (2019-05-15). "An interview with someone who's worked for every gig economy app you can think of" . Vox the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ Teixeira, Fabio (2020-12-03). Guilbert, Kieran; Goldsmith, Belinda (eds.). "EXCLUSIVE-Children in Brazil found working for food delivery apps" . Reuters Thomson Reuters Foundation . Archived from the original on 2021-04-18. Retrieved 2021-04-18 . ^ Howson, Kelle (2020). " . International Union Rights . 27 (3). International Centre for Trade Union Rights : 20–28. doi :10.14213/inteuniorigh.27.3.0020 . JSTOR 10.14213/inteuniorigh.27.3.0020 . S2CID 226560535 . Archived from the original on 2021-04-18. Retrieved 2021-04-18 . ^ Cavallini (2019) , p. 3^ Rosemain, Mathieu; Vidalon, Dominique (2020-03-04). Potter, Mark; Macfie, Nick (eds.). "Top French court deals blow to Uber by giving driver 'employee' status" . Reuters the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2020-07-15 . ^ Chau, David (2019-08-28). "Deliveroo sued for 'exploitation' by former worker for alleged underpayment" . ABC Online . Archived from the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2020-07-15 . ^ Chung, Frank (2019-09-04). "US food delivery giant DoorDash launches in Australia to take on Menulog, UberEats and Deliveroo" . News.com.au the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2020-07-15 . ^ Ravenelle (2019) , p. 206^ Barry, Erin (2016-04-17). "Uber, Lyft effect on economy show work 'innovation': Case" . CNBC . Archived from the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2020-07-15 . ^ Day, Meagan (2019-07-25). "The Shadow Bosses of the Gig Economy" . Jacobin the original on 2019-09-29. Retrieved 2019-09-29 . ^ Silcoff, Sean (December 15, 2016). "Winnipeg startup SkipTheDishes gobbled up by Britain's Just Eat" . The Globe and Mail Archived from the original on December 15, 2016. Retrieved August 28, 2018 . ^ Cash, Martin (June 28, 2017). "Skip the Dishes co-founder named one of Canada's top young business innovators" . Winnipeg Free Press Archived from the original on June 28, 2017. Retrieved August 28, 2018 . ^ Nishant Sharma (23 December 2018). "Online Food Delivery: Swiggy Vs Zomato: Who Has A Better Chance To Win India's Hunger Games?" . BloombergQuint Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2019 . ^ Deepti Chaudhary (15 March 2019). "Can Swiggy take more orders?" . Fortune Archived from the original on 13 August 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2019 . ^ Alnoor Peermohamed (22 June 2018). "Swiggy gets battle ready; raises $210 mn from Naspers, DST Global" . Business Standard Archived from the original on 13 August 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2019 . ^ עו"ד מתן סטמרי (2019-07-12). "להתאים את אסדרת שוק העבודה לכלכלת החלטורה" [Adapt the labor market regulation to the gig economy]. Globes the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2020-07-15 . ^ Manthorpe (2020) ^ Elstrom, Peter; Ramli, David (2017-11-30). "Mother's firing sparks backlash against Chinese educational startup VIPKid: It's just one gig-economy business caught in the contractor-versus-employee debate" . Financial Post Bloomberg News . Archived from the original on 2019-09-30. Retrieved 2019-09-30 . ^ a b c De Stefano, Valerio (2016). "The rise of the "just-in-time workforce": On-demand work, crowdwork and labour protection in the "gig-economy" (PDF) . International Labour Organization . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ Sinicki (2018) , p. 2^ a b Bearne, Suzanne (2016-05-20). "Is the 'gig economy' turning us all into freelancers?" . BBC.com . Archived from the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ Mechling, Lauren (2018-03-29). "Start-Up Star Hello Alfred is Expanding" . The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on 2018-03-29. Retrieved 2019-09-29 . ^ Carter (2018) , p. 555^ a b Gratton & Scott (2016) , p. 53^ World Bank (2019) , p. 20^ Masuku, Andile (2018-03-09). "Helping to overcome tech talent shortages" . Independent Online the original on 2019-10-06. Retrieved 2019-10-06 . ^ Fernandes, Deirdre (2017-05-09). "Consultants get in on the gig economy" . The Boston Globe the original on 2020-06-15. Retrieved 2020-06-15 . ^ Segran, Elizabeth (2016-07-05). "HourlyNerd, the Uber of business consultants, snags $22 million" . Fast Company the original on 2019-09-29. Retrieved 2019-09-29 . ^ a b c Wright, Chris F.; Wailes, Nick; Bamber, Greg J.; Lansbury, Russell D. (2017-12-01). "Beyond National Systems, Towards a 'Gig Economy'? A Research Agenda for International and Comparative Employment Relations" . Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal . 29 (4). Springer Science+Business Media : 247–257. doi :10.1007/s10672-017-9308-2 ^ LaPonsie, Maryalene (2018-06-01). "10 Cities Where Gig Workers Can Flourish" . U.S. News & World Report the original on 2019-09-30. Retrieved 2019-09-30 . ^ a b c English-Lueck (2017) ^ Craig, Ryan (2019-07-28). "Last-mile training and the future of work in an expanding gig economy" . TechCrunch the original on 2019-09-29. Retrieved 2019-09-29 . ^ Scheiber, Noam (2017-11-11). "Plugging Into the Gig Economy, From Home With a Headset. A company called Liveops has become the Uber of call centers by doting on its agents. But is the work liberating, or dehumanizing?" . The New York Times the original on 2021-03-01. Retrieved 2021-03-01 .^ Dahlberg, Nancy (2017-08-31). "The Gig Economy is big and here to stay. Here's how workers are surviving and thriving" . Miami Herald the original on 2021-03-01. Retrieved 2021-03-01 . ^ Walker, Nancy Coltun (2019-02-11). "Embracing flexibility, some workers turn to the gig route" . Post-Tribune the original on 2021-03-01. Retrieved 2021-03-01 – via Chicago Tribune . ^ Sinicki (2018) , p. 2^ Oksman, Olga (2017-09-09). "Shiftgig, With New CEO, Positions Itself As The Job Board Of The Blue-Collar Gig Economy" . Fast Company the original on 2019-09-29. Retrieved 2019-09-29 . ^ Bonoli, Giuliano (2019-03-13). "Ensuring economic security in the gig economy" . Business Times the original on 2019-10-07. Retrieved 2019-10-07 . ^ Pounds, Marcia Heroux (2012-06-28). "Freelance gigs growing for South Florida workers" . Sun-Sentinel the original on 2019-10-07. Retrieved 2019-10-07 . ^ Sraders, Anne (2019-06-13). "Fiverr IPO: What to Know About the Company Capitalizing on the Millennial Gig Economy" . Fortune the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ Schwartz, Jeff; Bohdal-Spiegelhoff, Udo; Gretczko, Michael; Sloan, Nathan (2016-02-29). "The gig economy: Distraction or disruption?" . Deloitte . Archived from the original on 2019-10-07. Retrieved 2019-10-07 . ^ Ripplinger, Sarah (2017-11-23). "Part-time gig: Is the sharing" . Vancouver Courier the original on 2019-10-07. Retrieved 2019-10-07 . ^ Bayles, Mark (January 2019). "Will Your Smartphone Get You a Job?" (PDF) . Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-09-30. Retrieved 2019-09-30 . ^ Bass, Debra D. (2017-06-16). "Retail Details: Two apps coming, more stores closing" . St. Louis Post-Dispatch the original on 2020-02-16. Retrieved 2020-02-16 . ^ Haas, Michaela (2019-09-24). "Wie Helpling, nur in fair" [Like Helpling, only fair]. Die Zeit the original on 2019-09-30. Retrieved 2019-09-30 . ^ Dickson, Gordon (2018-04-17). "Gig economy may be here to stay" . Portland Press Herald the original on 2019-09-29. Retrieved 2019-09-29 . ^ Farr, Christina (2015-10-26). "Why Homejoy Failed" . Wired the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ a b DeAmicis, Carmel (2015-07-17). "Homejoy Shuts Down After Battling Worker Classification Lawsuits" . Vox the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23 . ^ Huet, Ellen. "What Really Killed Homejoy? It Couldn't Hold On To Its Customers" . Forbes Archived from the original on 2016-07-02. Retrieved 2016-06-29 . ^ Bowcott, Owen (2018-06-13). 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