List of conflicts between Romans and Persians

The following is a list of wars fought between Romans and Persians.

  Roman/Byzantine victory

  Parthian/Sasanian victory

  Inconclusive

Date	War	Belligerents	Belligerents	Result	Notes
53 BCE	Battle of Carrhae	Roman Empire	Parthian Empire	Parthian victory	Beginning of the Roman–Persian Wars
40–38 BCE	Pompeian–Parthian invasion	Roman Empire	Parthian Empire	Roman victory	Status quo ante bellum Beginning of Antony's Atropatene campaign
36-20 BCE	Antony's Atropatene campaign	Roman Empire	Parthian Empire	Parthian victory	Status quo ante bellum Beginning of Antony's campaign against Armenia
58–63 CE	Roman–Parthian War	Roman Empire	Parthian Empire	Inconclusive	Treaty of Rhandeia
115–117 CE	Trajan's Parthian campaign	Roman Empire	Parthian Empire	Roman victory	Romans annex Mesopotamia
161–166 CE	Roman–Parthian War	Roman Empire	Parthian Empire	Roman victory	Arsacids re–establish themselves on the Armenian throne as Roman clients Ctesiphon and Seleucia sacked Rome has minor acquisitions in Mesopotamia
198 CE	Battle of Ctesiphon	Roman Empire	Parthian Empire	Roman victory	Sack of Ctesiphon
216–217 CE	Parthian war of Caracalla	Roman Empire	Parthian Empire	Parthian victory	Status quo ante bellum Romans are forced to pay tribute
232 CE	Sassanid campaign of Severus Alexander	Roman Empire	Sasanian Empire	Inconclusive	Severus claimed victory
229–241 CE	Mesopotamian campaigns of Ardashir I	Roman Empire	Sasanian Empire	Inconclusive	Both sides make territorial gains
243 CE	Battle of Resaena	Roman Empire	Sasanian Empire	Roman victory	Romans recover Nisibis and Singara
244 CE	Battle of Misiche	Roman Empire	Sasanian Empire	Sasanian victory	Philip the Arab pays 500,000 denarii to the Sasanian Empire and cedes Armenia and Mesopotamia Death of Gordian III
252–260 CE	Second campaign of Shapur I against Rome	Roman Empire	Sasanian Empire	Sasanian victory	Sasanian Empire capture Nisibis, Antioch and Edessa
363 CE	Julian's Persian expedition	Roman Empire	Sasanian Empire	Sasanian victory	Sasanians annex five regions and fifteen major fortresses from the Roman Empire along with the consequent annexation of Armenia
367–371 CE	Shapur II's 2nd Armenian campaign	Roman Empire	Sasanian Empire	Roman victory	Persians depose Arshak II of Armenia Armenia is put under Roman suzerainty through Pap of Armenia entronization.
371 CE	Battle of Bagavan	Roman Empire	Sasanian Empire	Roman victory	Seven Years Truce
378–386 CE	Shapur III's Armenian Campaign	Roman Empire	Sasanian Empire	Inconclusive	Peace of Acilisene
421–422 CE	Byzantine-Sasanian War	Byzantine Empire	Sasanian Empire	Byzantine victory	Status quo ante bellum The Sassanids stop persecuting Christians on their territory
440 CE	Byzantine–Sasanian War	Byzantine Empire	Sasanian Empire	Inconclusive	Status quo ante bellum Both empires agree to battle northern nomads (Scythians)
502–506 CE	Anastasian War	Byzantine Empire	Sasanian Empire	Inconclusive	Status quo ante bellum Although Byzantium pays a very small amount of money, the Sassanians are forced to retreat without achieving their goals of the war. The tribute that the Persian king wanted to receive from the Romans was not paid. The Byzantine Empire creates a new line of fortifications contrary to the Treaty of 422
526–532 CE	Iberian War	Byzantine Empire	Sasanian Empire	Inconclusive	Sasanians retained Iberia, Byzantines retained Lazica
541–562 CE	Lazic War	Byzantine Empire	Sasanian Empire	Sasanian victory	Fifty–Year Peace Treaty
572–591 CE	Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591	Byzantine Empire	Sasanian Empire	Byzantine victory	Khosrow II is restored to the Sasanian throne, Byzantine Empire gets most of Persian Armenia and the western half of Iberia
602–628 CE	Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628	Byzantine Empire	Sasanian Empire	Byzantine victory	Status quo ante bellum Political and economic crisis of the Sassanids Beginning of the Arab conquests The Sassanian Empire pays for all the damage

Reference

Bibliography

• Greatrex, Geoffrey (1991). The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian wars.Part II.363-630AD. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-14687-9.