List of Billboard number-one R&B/hip-hop albums of 2024
Appearance
This page lists the albums that reached number-one on the overall Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, the R&B Albums chart, and the Rap Albums chart in 2024. The R&B Albums and Rap Albums charts partly serve as respective distillations for R&B and rap-specific titles of the overall R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.
Chart history
[edit]Issue date | Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums | Artist(s) | Top R&B Albums | Artist(s) | Top Rap Albums | Artist(s) | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 6 | Pink Friday 2 | Nicki Minaj | The Magic of Christmas | Nat King Cole | Pink Friday 2 | Nicki Minaj | [1] | ||
January 13 | For All the Dogs | Drake | SOS | SZA | For All the Dogs | Drake | [2] | ||
January 20 | [3] | ||||||||
January 27 | American Dream | 21 Savage | American Dream | 21 Savage | [4] | ||||
February 3 | [5] | ||||||||
February 10 | [6] | ||||||||
February 17 | SOS | SZA | [7] | ||||||
February 24 | Vultures 1 | ¥$: Ye and Ty Dolla Sign | Coming Home | Usher | Vultures 1 | ¥$: Ye and Ty Dolla Sign | [8] | ||
March 2 | SOS | SZA | [9] | ||||||
March 9 | [10] | ||||||||
March 16 | [11] | ||||||||
March 23 | [12] | ||||||||
March 30 | SOS | SZA | [13] | ||||||
April 6 | We Don't Trust You | Future and Metro Boomin | We Don't Trust You | Future and Metro Boomin | [14] | ||||
April 13 | [15] | ||||||||
April 20 | Might Delete Later | J. Cole | Might Delete Later | J. Cole | [16] | ||||
April 27 | We Still Don't Trust You | Future and Metro Boomin | We Still Don't Trust You | Future and Metro Boomin | [17] | ||||
May 4 | We Don't Trust You | We Don't Trust You | [18] | ||||||
May 11 | [19] | ||||||||
May 18 | [20] | ||||||||
May 25 | One of Wun | Gunna | One of Wun | Gunna | [21] | ||||
June 1 | [22] | ||||||||
June 8 | We Don't Trust You | Future and Metro Boomin | Right Place, Wrong Person | RM | [23] | ||||
June 15 | We Don't Trust You | Future and Metro Boomin | [24] | ||||||
June 22 | [25] | ||||||||
June 29 | Hardstone Psycho | Don Toliver | Hardstone Psycho | Don Toliver | [26] | ||||
July 6 | New World Depression | Suicideboys | New World Depression | Suicideboys | [27] | ||||
July 13 | Megan | Megan Thee Stallion | Megan | Megan Thee Stallion | [28] | ||||
July 20 | [29] | ||||||||
July 27 | The Death of Slim Shady (Coup de Grâce) | Eminem | The Death of Slim Shady (Coup de Grâce) | Eminem | [30] | ||||
August 3 | [31] | ||||||||
August 10 | [32] | ||||||||
August 17 | Vultures 2 | ¥$: Ye and Ty Dolla Sign | Vultures 2 | ¥$: Ye and Ty Dolla Sign | [33] | ||||
August 24 | SOS | SZA | Sugar Honey Iced Tea | Latto | [34] | ||||
August 31 | The Diamond Collection | Post Malone | [35] | ||||||
September 7 | Days Before Rodeo | Travis Scott | Days Before Rodeo | Travis Scott | [36] | ||||
September 14 | Love Lasts Forever | Destroy Lonely | Love Lasts Forever | Destroy Lonely | [37] | ||||
September 21 | SOS | SZA | We Don't Trust You | Future and Metro Boomin | [38] | ||||
September 28 | Days Before Rodeo | Travis Scott | Days Before Rodeo | Travis Scott | [39] | ||||
October 5 | Mixtape Pluto | Future | Mixtape Pluto | Future | [40] | ||||
October 12 | [41] | ||||||||
October 19 | [42] | ||||||||
October 26 | Last Lap | Rod Wave | The Highlights | The Weeknd | Last Lap | Rod Wave | [43] | ||
November 2 | Lyfestyle | Yeat | SOS | SZA | Lyfestyle | Yeat | [44] | ||
November 9 | Chromakopia | Tyler, the Creator | Chromakopia | Tyler, the Creator | [45] | ||||
November 16 | [46] |
See also
[edit]- 2024 in American music
- 2024 in hip hop music
- List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 2024
- List of Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs number ones of 2024
References
[edit]- ^ Billboard issue dated January 6, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of January 6, 2024". Billboard. 2024-01-03. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of January 6, 2024". Billboard. 2024-01-03. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of January 6, 2024". Billboard. 2024-01-03. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
- ^ Billboard issue dated January 13, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of January 13, 2024". Billboard. 2024-01-10. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of January 13, 2024". Billboard. 2024-01-10. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of January 13, 2024". Billboard. 2024-01-10. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
- ^ Billboard issue dated January 20, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of January 20, 2024". Billboard. 2024-01-17. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of January 20, 2024". Billboard. 2024-01-17. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of January 20, 2024". Billboard. 2024-01-17. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
- ^ Billboard issue dated January 27, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of January 27, 2024". Billboard. 2024-01-24. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of January 27, 2024". Billboard. 2024-01-24. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of January 27, 2024". Billboard. 2024-01-24. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
- ^ Billboard issue dated February 3, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of February 3, 2024". Billboard. 2024-01-31. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of February 3, 2024". Billboard. 2024-01-31. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of February 3, 2024". Billboard. 2024-01-31. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
- ^ Billboard issue dated February 10, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of February 10, 2024". Billboard. 2024-02-07. Retrieved 2024-02-08.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of February 10, 2024". Billboard. 2024-02-07. Retrieved 2024-02-08.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of February 10, 2024". Billboard. 2024-02-07. Retrieved 2024-02-08.
- ^ Billboard issue dated February 17, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of February 17, 2024". Billboard. 2024-02-14. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of February 17, 2024". Billboard. 2024-02-14. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of February 17, 2024". Billboard. 2024-02-14. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
- ^ Billboard issue dated February 24, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of February 24, 2024". Billboard. 2024-02-21. Retrieved 2024-02-21.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of February 24, 2024". Billboard. 2024-02-21. Retrieved 2024-02-21.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of February 24, 2024". Billboard. 2024-02-21. Retrieved 2024-02-21.
- ^ Billboard issue dated March 2, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of March 2, 2024". Billboard. 2024-02-28. Retrieved 2024-03-01.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of March 2, 2024". Billboard. 2024-02-28. Retrieved 2024-03-01.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of March 2, 2024". Billboard. 2024-02-28. Retrieved 2024-03-01.
- ^ Billboard issue dated March 9, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of March 9, 2024". Billboard. 2024-03-06. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of March 9, 2024". Billboard. 2024-03-06. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of March 9, 2024". Billboard. 2024-03-06. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
- ^ Billboard issue dated March 16, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of March 16, 2024". Billboard. 2024-03-13. Retrieved 2024-03-13.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of March 16, 2024". Billboard. 2024-03-13. Retrieved 2024-03-13.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of March 16, 2024". Billboard. 2024-03-13. Retrieved 2024-03-13.
- ^ Billboard issue dated March 23, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of March 23, 2024". Billboard. 2024-03-20. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of March 23, 2024". Billboard. 2024-03-20. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of March 23, 2024". Billboard. 2024-03-20. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- ^ Billboard issue dated March 30, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of March 30, 2024". Billboard. 2024-03-27. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of March 30, 2024". Billboard. 2024-03-27. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of March 30, 2024". Billboard. 2024-03-27. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- ^ Billboard issue dated April 6, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of April 6, 2024". Billboard. 2024-04-03. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of April 6, 2024". Billboard. 2024-04-03. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of April 6, 2024". Billboard. 2024-04-03. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- ^ Billboard issue dated April 13, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of April 13, 2024". Billboard. 2024-04-10. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of April 13, 2024". Billboard. 2024-04-10. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of April 13, 2024". Billboard. 2024-04-10. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- ^ Billboard issue dated April 20, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of April 20, 2024". Billboard. 2024-04-17. Retrieved 2024-04-17.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of April 20, 2024". Billboard. 2024-04-17. Retrieved 2024-04-17.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of April 20, 2024". Billboard. 2024-04-17. Retrieved 2024-04-17.
- ^ Billboard issue dated April 27, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of April 27, 2024". Billboard. 2024-04-24. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of April 27, 2024". Billboard. 2024-04-24. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of April 27, 2024". Billboard. 2024-04-24. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
- ^ Billboard issue dated May 4, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of May 4, 2024". Billboard. 2024-05-01. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of May 4, 2024". Billboard. 2024-05-01. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of May 4, 2024". Billboard. 2024-05-01. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
- ^ Billboard issue dated May 11, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of May 11, 2024". Billboard. 2024-05-08. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of May 11, 2024". Billboard. 2024-05-08. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of May 11, 2024". Billboard. 2024-05-08. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
- ^ Billboard issue dated May 18, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of May 18, 2024". Billboard. 2024-05-15. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of May 18, 2024". Billboard. 2024-05-15. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of May 18, 2024". Billboard. 2024-05-15. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
- ^ Billboard issue dated May 25, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of May 25, 2024". Billboard. 2024-05-22. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of May 25, 2024". Billboard. 2024-05-22. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of May 25, 2024". Billboard. 2024-05-22. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
- ^ Billboard issue dated June 1, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of June 1, 2024". Billboard. 2024-05-29. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of June 1, 2024". Billboard. 2024-05-29. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of June 1, 2024". Billboard. 2024-05-29. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
- ^ Billboard issue dated June 8, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of June 8, 2024". Billboard. 2024-06-05. Retrieved 2024-06-05.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of June 8, 2024". Billboard. 2024-06-05. Retrieved 2024-06-05.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of June 8, 2024". Billboard. 2024-06-05. Retrieved 2024-06-05.
- ^ Billboard issue dated June 15, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of June 15, 2024". Billboard. 2024-06-12. Retrieved 2024-06-14.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of June 15, 2024". Billboard. 2024-06-12. Retrieved 2024-06-14.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of June 15, 2024". Billboard. 2024-06-12. Retrieved 2024-06-14.
- ^ Billboard issue dated June 22, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of June 22, 2024". Billboard. 2024-06-22. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of June 22, 2024". Billboard. 2024-06-22. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of June 22, 2024". Billboard. 2024-06-22. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
- ^ Billboard issue dated June 29, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of June 29, 2024". Billboard. 2024-06-29. Retrieved 2024-06-27.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of June 29, 2024". Billboard. 2024-06-29. Retrieved 2024-06-27.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of June 29, 2024". Billboard. 2024-06-29. Retrieved 2024-06-27.
- ^ Billboard issue dated July 6, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of July 6, 2024". Billboard. 2024-07-06. Retrieved 2024-07-03.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of July 6, 2024". Billboard. 2024-07-06. Retrieved 2024-07-03.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of July 6, 2024". Billboard. 2024-07-06. Retrieved 2024-07-03.
- ^ Billboard issue dated July 13, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of July 13, 2024". Billboard. 2024-07-13. Retrieved 2024-07-09.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of July 13, 2024". Billboard. 2024-07-13. Retrieved 2024-07-09.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of July 13, 2024". Billboard. 2024-07-13. Retrieved 2024-07-09.
- ^ Billboard issue dated July 20, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of July 20, 2024". Billboard. 2024-07-20. Retrieved 2024-07-16.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of July 20, 2024". Billboard. 2024-07-20. Retrieved 2024-07-16.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of July 20, 2024". Billboard. 2024-07-20. Retrieved 2024-07-16.
- ^ Billboard issue dated July 27, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of July 27, 2024". Billboard. 2024-07-27. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of July 27, 2024". Billboard. 2024-07-27. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of July 27, 2024". Billboard. 2024-07-27. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
- ^ Billboard issue dated August 3, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of August 3, 2024". Billboard. 2024-08-03. Retrieved 2024-07-30.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of August 3, 2024". Billboard. 2024-08-03. Retrieved 2024-07-30.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of August 3, 2024". Billboard. 2024-08-03. Retrieved 2024-07-30.
- ^ Billboard issue dated August 10, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of August 10, 2024". Billboard. 2024-08-10. Retrieved 2024-08-07.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of August 10, 2024". Billboard. 2024-08-10. Retrieved 2024-08-07.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of August 10, 2024". Billboard. 2024-08-10. Retrieved 2024-08-07.
- ^ Billboard issue dated August 17, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of August 17, 2024". Billboard. 2024-08-17. Retrieved 2024-08-13.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of August 17, 2024". Billboard. 2024-08-17. Retrieved 2024-08-13.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of August 17, 2024". Billboard. 2024-08-17. Retrieved 2024-08-13.
- ^ Billboard issue dated August 24, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of August 24, 2024". Billboard. 2024-08-24. Retrieved 2024-08-20.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of August 24, 2024". Billboard. 2024-08-24. Retrieved 2024-08-20.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of August 24, 2024". Billboard. 2024-08-24. Retrieved 2024-08-20.
- ^ Billboard issue dated August 31, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of August 31, 2024". Billboard. 2024-08-31. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of August 31, 2024". Billboard. 2024-08-31. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of August 31, 2024". Billboard. 2024-08-31. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
- ^ Billboard issue dated September 7, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of September 7, 2024". Billboard. 2024-09-07. Retrieved 2024-09-04.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of September 7, 2024". Billboard. 2024-09-07. Retrieved 2024-09-04.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of September 7, 2024". Billboard. 2024-09-07. Retrieved 2024-09-04.
- ^ Billboard issue dated September 14, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of September 14, 2024". Billboard. 2024-09-14. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of September 14, 2024". Billboard. 2024-09-14. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of September 14, 2024". Billboard. 2024-09-14. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
- ^ Billboard issue dated September 21, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of September 21, 2024". Billboard. 2024-09-21. Retrieved 2024-09-18.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of September 21, 2024". Billboard. 2024-09-21. Retrieved 2024-09-18.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of September 21, 2024". Billboard. 2024-09-21. Retrieved 2024-09-18.
- ^ Billboard issue dated September 28, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of September 28, 2024". Billboard. 2024-09-28. Retrieved 2024-09-25.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of September 28, 2024". Billboard. 2024-09-28. Retrieved 2024-09-25.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of September 28, 2024". Billboard. 2024-09-28. Retrieved 2024-09-25.
- ^ Billboard issue dated October 5, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of October 5, 2024". Billboard. 2024-10-05. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of October 5, 2024". Billboard. 2024-10-05. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of October 5, 2024". Billboard. 2024-10-05. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
- ^ Billboard issue dated October 12, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of October 12, 2024". Billboard. 2024-10-12. Retrieved 2024-10-08.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of October 12, 2024". Billboard. 2024-10-12. Retrieved 2024-10-08.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of October 12, 2024". Billboard. 2024-10-12. Retrieved 2024-10-08.
- ^ Billboard issue dated October 19, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of October 19, 2024". Billboard. 2024-10-19. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of October 19, 2024". Billboard. 2024-10-19. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of October 19, 2024". Billboard. 2024-10-19. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
- ^ Billboard issue dated October 26, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of October 26, 2024". Billboard. 2024-10-26. Retrieved 2024-10-22.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of October 26, 2024". Billboard. 2024-10-26. Retrieved 2024-10-22.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of October 26, 2024". Billboard. 2024-10-26. Retrieved 2024-10-22.
- ^ Billboard issue dated November 2, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of November 2, 2024". Billboard. 2024-11-02. Retrieved 2024-10-29.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of November 2, 2024". Billboard. 2024-11-02. Retrieved 2024-10-29.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of November 2, 2024". Billboard. 2024-11-02. Retrieved 2024-10-29.
- ^ Billboard issue dated November 9, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of November 9, 2024". Billboard. 2024-11-09. Retrieved 2024-11-05.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of November 9, 2024". Billboard. 2024-11-09. Retrieved 2024-11-05.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of November 9, 2024". Billboard. 2024-11-09. Retrieved 2024-11-05.
- ^ Billboard issue dated November 16, 2024:
- "Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Week of November 16, 2024". Billboard. 2024-11-16. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
- "Billboard R&B Albums: Week of November 16, 2024". Billboard. 2024-11-16. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
- "Billboard Rap Albums: Week of November 16, 2024". Billboard. 2024-11-16. Retrieved 2024-11-12.