Kaernefeltia
| Kaernefeltia | |
|---|---|
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| Kaernefeltia californica (right) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Parmeliaceae |
| Genus: | Kaernefeltia A.Thell & Goward (1996) |
| Type species | |
| Kaernefeltia californica (Tuck.) A.Thell & Goward (1996)
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| Species | |
Kaernefeltia is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Parmeliaceae.
Taxonomy
[edit]Kaernefeltia was circumscribed by the lichenologists Arne Thell and Trevor Goward in 1996 to contain the western North American species formerly known as Cetraria californica (the type species) and C. merrillii. The genus name honours the Swedish lichenologist Ingvar Kärnefelt.[1]
In 2017, Divakar and colleagues used a recently developed "temporal phylogenetic" approach to identify temporal bands for specific taxonomic ranks in the family Parmeliaceae, suggesting that groups of species that diverged within the time window of 29.45–32.55 million years ago represent genera. They proposed to synonymize Kaernefeltia with Nephromopsis, along with several other Parmelioid genera, so that all the genera within the Parmeliaceae are about the same age.[2] Although some of their proposed taxonomic changes were accepted, the synonymisation of the Parmelioid genera with Nephromopsis was not accepted in a recent analysis.[3]
Description
[edit]Kaernefeltia species grow primarily on conifer trees. These lichens can appear either leaf-like (foliose) or shrubby (fruticose) in growth form, typically reaching up to 1.5 cm in height. The main body (thallus) of Kaernefeltia ranges in colour from pale olive-brown to greenish-black, often appearing paler in the centre. The branches or lobes can be either smooth or covered with small bumps and ridges, and sometimes have a whitish, powdery coating (pruina). The outer protective layer (cortex) has a distinctive structure that can be either single- or double-layered, with the inner layer composed of specially arranged fungal cells.[1]
Kaernefeltia reproduces both sexually and asexually. The sexual reproductive structures (apothecia) are commonly found on these lichens, appearing as dark brown or blackish discs that can be located along the edges or surface of the thallus. These structures contain spore-producing cells (asci) that are club-shaped and produce eight spores each.[1]
Species
[edit]- Kaernefeltia californica (Tuck.) A.Thell & Goward (1996)
- Kaernefeltia iberica (A.Crespo & Barreno) A.Crespo & Barreno (2016)
- Kaernefeltia merrillii (Du Rietz) A.Thell & Goward (1996)
Kaernefeltia iberica was published invalidly, as it lacked a citation of an identifier from a registration depository.[4]
References
[edit]
- ^ a b c Thell, Arne; Goward, Trevor (1995). "The new cetrarioid genus Kaernefeltia and related groups in the Parmeliaceae (lichenized Ascomycotina)". The Bryologist. 99 (2): 125–136. doi:10.2307/3244544. JSTOR 3244544.
- ^ Divakar, Pradeep K.; Crespo, Ana; Kraichak, Ekaphan; Leavitt, Steven D.; Singh, Garima; Schmitt, Imke; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2017). "Using a temporal phylogenetic method to harmonize family- and genus-level classification in the largest clade of lichen-forming fungi". Fungal Diversity. 84: 101–117. doi:10.1007/s13225-017-0379-z. S2CID 40674310.
- ^ Lücking, Robert (2019). "Stop the Abuse of Time! Strict Temporal Banding is not the Future of Rank-Based Classifications in Fungi (Including Lichens) and Other Organisms". Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 38 (3): 199–253. doi:10.1080/07352689.2019.1650517. S2CID 202859785.
- ^ "Record Details: Kaernefeltia iberica (A. Crespo & Barreno) A. Crespo & Barreno, in Crespo, Divakar, Leavitt & Lumbsch, Biblthca Lichenol. 110: 57 (2016)". Index Fungorum. Retrieved 28 July 2021.