Joseph T. White
Joseph T. White | |
|---|---|
 White in 1982 | |
| Born | November 5, 1961 St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. |
| Died | August 17, 1985 (aged 23) Ch'ongch'on River, North Korea |
| Allegiance |  United States North Korea (1982–1985) |
| Service |  United States Army |
| Years of service | 1981–1982 (defected) |
| Rank | Private |
| Unit | 1st Battalion, 31st Infantry Regiment |
Joseph T. White (November 5, 1961 – August 17, 1985) was a United States Army soldier who defected to North Korea on August 28, 1982.[1]
Life and career
[edit]Born to Norval and Kathleen White,[2] he had four siblings and volunteered for the 1980 Reagan presidential campaign before he could vote. In 1979, he attended a YMCA model legislature and introduced a 'bill' requiring 11 months of reserve military service for all 18-year-old males.[3] He was also a member of the Boy Scouts and volunteered at a muscular dystrophy camp.[3] In 1980, he introduced another bill in the model legislature that called for Missouri to withdraw from the union, and a list of "present abuses and injustices" of the federal government. Rejected by West Point, he intended to join the Army directly but was persuaded by his parents to attend Kemper Military School in Boonville, Missouri. The school commandant remembered White as an introvert and a loner.[3] White subsequently dropped out of school and enlisted in the Army as an infantryman.
After completing basic and advanced individual training, White was assigned to 1st Battalion, 31st Infantry Regiment[4] in South Korea. At around 2 a.m., on August 28, 1982,[5] he shot the lock off one of the gates leading into the Korean Demilitarized Zone and was witnessed by fellow soldiers walking through the DMZ from Guard Post Ouellette, near Kaesong[3] with a duffle bag full of documents he stole from the site including the layout of mines which were buried on the South Korean side of the DMZ. He surrendered to North Korean troops. He was the first American soldier to request asylum in North Korea since January 1965 and the fifth since the Korean War.[6]
North Korean authorities refused a request by United Nations Command representatives to meet White and ask him about the reasons for his defection.[7] North Korean authorities released a video of White, in which he denounced the United States' "corruptness, criminality, immorality, weakness, and hedonism," affirming he had defected to demonstrate how "unjustifiable [it was] for the U.S. to send troops to South Korea",[8] before leading a chant in homage to North Korean leader Kim Il Sung.[5]
Prior to White's defection, Charles Jenkins, in 1965, was the last U.S. soldier to cross the demilitarized zone into North Korea.[a] Jenkins wrote in his memoirs that he never met White, but once saw him on state television at a press conference soon after the defection.[9] He also wrote that plans were in the works for White to share housing with one of the other American defectors, but it eventually fell through. According to Jenkins' contacts[who?] in government, White suffered an epileptic seizure of some form and was left paralyzed. Following that, Jenkins heard nothing more about him.
In February 1983, White's parents received a letter from their son, stating that he was happy in North Korea and working as an English teacher.[10]
In November 1985, his parents received a letter penned by a North Korean contact of White, stating that their son had died by drowning in the Ch'ongch'on River in August 1985, and his body was not recovered.[11] A copy of the letter was released by Dick Gephardt, then a Congressman representing Missouri, in early 1986.[11]
See also
[edit]- List of American and British defectors in the Korean War: the 21 Americans and 1 Briton who refused repatriation during Operation Big Switch in 1953 (to remain in China)
- Larry Allen Abshier (1943–1983) of Urbana, Illinois, deserted in May 1962 at age 19
- James Joseph Dresnok (1941–2016) of Richmond, Virginia, deserted on August 15, 1962, at age 21
- Charles Robert Jenkins (1940–2017) of Rich Square, North Carolina, deserted in January 1965 at age 24
- Jerry Wayne Parrish (1944–1998) of Morganfield, Kentucky, deserted in December 1963 at age 19
- Travis King (born 1999 or 2000) of Racine, Wisconsin, deserted in July 2023 at age 23
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ NORTH KOREA SAYS G.I. SEEKS ASYLUM Archived March 7, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, New York Times, August 29, 1982
- ^ "U.S. Now Says Soldier Went Over To The North Koreans Voluntarily". The New York Times. United Press International. September 2, 1982. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
- ^ a b c d Bailey, Greg (October 28, 2009). "What Happened to Joseph White?". Failure Mag. Archived from the original on November 18, 2017. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
- ^ "Private's Family Doubts He Defected". The New York Times. September 2, 1982. Archived from the original on November 19, 2017. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
- ^ a b Friend, David. "What Made Joe Jump? A Mother Weeps For Her G.I. Son Who Defected To North Korea". Life. No. November 1982. Archived from the original on October 31, 2019. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
- ^ "U.S. Says Missing G.I. Defected to North Korea". The New York Times. Reuters. September 19, 1982. Archived from the original on November 19, 2017. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
- ^ "North Koreans Bar A U.S. Meeting With G.I." The New York Times. United Press International. September 14, 1982. Archived from the original on February 9, 2018. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
- ^ Neff, Robert (February 23, 2007). "Joseph White's walk in the dark". Asia Times. Archived from the original on February 24, 2007. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ The Reluctant Communist: My Desertion, Court-Martial, and Forty-Year Imprisonment in North Korea, Charles Robert Jenkins, Jim Frederick, University of California Press, 2009, page 116
- ^ Hendrickson, Paul (February 14, 1983). "Alleged Defector To North Korea Writes Parents". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 9, 2018. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
- ^ a b Massey, Barry (January 8, 1986). "American Defector to North Korea Drowned Last Summer, Letter Says". Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 9, 2018. Retrieved February 9, 2018.