José Williams
José Williams | |
|---|---|
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| Member of Congress | |
| Assumed office 26 July 2021 | |
| Constituency | Lima |
| President of the Congress of Peru | |
| In office 12 September 2022 – 26 July 2023 | |
| Vice President | 1st Vice President Martha Moyano 2nd Vice President Digna Calle Silvia Monteza 3rd Vice President Alejandro Muñante |
| Preceded by | Martha Moyano (Interim) |
| Succeeded by | Alejandro Soto Reyes |
| Chair of the Congressional Defense Committee | |
| In office 18 August 2021 – 20 September 2022 | |
| Deputy | Jeny Luz |
| Preceded by | Daniel Urresti |
| Succeeded by | Diego Bazán |
| Chief of the Joint Command of the Armed Forces of Peru | |
| In office 5 December 2005 – 4 December 2006 | |
| President | Alejandro Toledo Alan García |
| Preceded by | Frank Boyle Alvarado |
| Succeeded by | Jorge Montoya |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 9 November 1951 Lima, Peru |
| Nationality |  Peruvian |
| Political party | Go on Country - Social Integration Party (2020-present) |
| Other political affiliations | Independent (before 2020) |
| Alma mater | Chorrillos Military School (BS) Center for Higher National Studies (MA) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Peru |
| Branch/service |  Peruvian Army |
| Years of service | 1971–2006 |
| Rank | Major general |
| Battles/wars | Internal conflict in Peru Cenepa War Operation Chavín de Huántar Andahuaylazo |
José Daniel Williams Zapata (born 9 November 1951) is a politician and retired Peruvian Army general who served as President of the Congress of Peru, the head of the legislature and next in the line of succession for the Presidency of Peru. Williams currently represents the constituency of Lima in the Peruvian Congress as a member of Go on Country - Social Integration Party.[1]
In 1997, Williams led Operation Chavín de Huántar, a military operation that successfully ended the Japanese embassy hostage crisis.[2][3] He served as Chief of the Joint Command of the Armed Forces of Peru from 2005 to 2006.
Military career
[edit]Williams was born in Lima on November 9, 1951. He enrolled in the Peruvian Army through the Chorrillos Military School.
Accomarca massacre
[edit]In 1985, then Colonel Williams was allegedly involved in the Accomarca massacre in Ayacucho, reportedly leading two of four patrols that participated in the "Huancayoc Plan" that resulted in the massacre.[4][5][6] Two judicial events in 2005 did not find sufficient evidence to convict Williams of any crime, though details of the meeting introducing the Huancayoc Plan were not revealed until 2012 when second lieutenant Telmo Hurtado was questioned.[7] According to Hurtado, who served under Williams, the colonel gave orders to "not to give written account of terrorist casualties in any military operation, but verbally" in an attempt to "avoid complaints from the relatives of the victims".[4][6][7] According to attorney Carlos Rivera Paz of the IDL, this does not show Williams' involvement in the massacre but instead shows an attempt of a coverup.[7] Williams denied giving such orders and that since casualty numbers were ultimately reported and observed during trials investigating the massacre.[7]
Chavín de Huántar Operation
[edit]Williams led the Operation Chavín de Huántar in April 1997. He was hailed a national hero for the rescue of the remaining 72 captive hostages of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, effectively ending the Japanese embassy hostage crisis. This mission was a success and is considered one of the most successful rescue operations in history.[8][9][10] According to hostages rescued from the embassy, at least one guerilla fighter was arrested and was later found to be shot in the head, raising concerns of an extrajudicial execution.[6]
Piura leadership
[edit]In 2004, Williams served as the head of the Northern Military Region of Piura.[11] According to Wayka, Williams allegedly collaborated with the Tijuana Cartel at the time, with leaked diplomatic cables linking Williams to Captain Jonathan Huacac, who was accused of trafficking 700 kilograms of cocaine for the cartel.[11][12] Diario La Primera reported that Huacac would host late-night parties with mariachis for prominent Mexican drug lords at the Piura Military Casino, with all of this occurring only 100 metres (330 ft) away from the home of Williams.[12] Captain Hilario Rosales Sánchez of the Peruvian National Police reported that photographs existed linking Williams and Huacac, though no actions were taken after concerns were sent to Lima, according to Rosales.[11]
Other roles
[edit]Attaining the rank of major-general, Williams was appointed Chief of the Joint Command of the Armed Forces of Peru, serving in the position from 2005 to 2006. He retired from the Army in December 2006.
From 2009 and 2011, Williams served as was Academic Director of the Center for Higher National Studies (CAEN), from which he obtained a master's degree in defense studies. He also serves as professor at the San Ignacio de Loyola University since 2018, and is a Lecturer at the Higher School of War since 2020.
Political career
[edit]2021 congressional election
[edit]In 2020, Williams was announced as part of Go on Country - Social Integration Party's congressional list for the 2021 general election. In addition, he participated in Hernando de Soto's presidential campaign as the technical team's defense and security advisor.[13] During the presidential campaign, de Soto publicly announced a Shadow Cabinet, in which he included Williams as Shadow Defense Minister.[14] Although de Soto was not elected to the presidency, Williams was elected to a seat in the Peruvian Congress.[1] He is currently the party's parliamentary spokesperson, appointed by de Soto.[15] Upon assuming his congressional seat, Williams was selected on 18 August 2021 as chair of the Congressional Defense Committee.[16]
During his tenure, Williams signed the Madrid Charter, joining an international alliance of right-wing and far-right groups organized by Spanish party Vox.[17]
President of the Peruvian Congress
[edit]On 12 September 2022, Williams became leader of the legislature as the President of Congress after the impeachment and removal of President of Congress Lady Camones over audio recordings of alleged corruption.
On 7 December 2022, President of Congress José Williams led the congress in impeaching and removing President of Peru Pedro Castillo after Castillo attempted to dissolve congress, form an emergency government, and call for a constituent assembly to draft a new constitution. First Vice President Dina Boluarte became the President of Peru. Because Boluarte had no First Vice President or Second Vice President, José Williams became first in the line of succession after President Boluarte.
Public opinion
[edit]The Institute of Peruvian Studies (IEP) collected opinion polls regarding Williams; in November 2022, 68% of respondents disapproved of Williams, with the disapproval rate increasing to 72% in January 2023.[18]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Resultados de elecciones congresales". La República (in Spanish). May 15, 2021. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
- ^ "Chavín de Huántar y otros impresionantes rescates en el mundo". La Nación (in Spanish). April 22, 2017. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
- ^ "De Entebbe a Lima, otros rescates históricos". El Comercio (in Spanish). July 4, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
- ^ a b "José Williams Zapata: la vez que fue vinculado a la masacre de Accomarca, donde se asesinó a 69 personas | El Popular". El Popular (in Spanish). 12 September 2022. Retrieved 2023-01-03.
- ^ "Restitución de los restos de las víctimas de Accomarca". Coordinadora Nacional de Derechos Humanos (in Spanish). 2022-05-19. Retrieved 2023-01-03.
- ^ a b c Noriega, Carlos (2022-09-14). "Perú: asume un presidente del Congreso con un pasado oscuro | El ultraderechista y general retirado José Williams fue investigado por su rol en serias violaciones a los derechos humanos". Página 12 (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-01-03.
- ^ a b c d Meneses, Álvaro (28 October 2021). "La masacre de Accomarca guarda el nombre del congresista José Williams Zapata". Wayka. Retrieved 2023-01-03.
- ^ "Chavín de Huántar y otros impresionantes rescates en el mundo". La Nación (in Spanish). April 22, 2017. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
- ^ "De Entebbe a Lima, otros rescates históricos". El Comercio (in Spanish). July 4, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
- ^ "General (r) Zapata: "Chavín de Huántar fue un mensaje al terrorismo, a la región y al mundo"". RPP (in Spanish). April 21, 2017. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
- ^ a b c "EXCLUSIVO: El cártel de Tijuana operaba en las narices de José Williams Zapata cuando fue jefe de la Región Militar Norte de Piura en 2004". Wayka. 9 November 2022. Retrieved 2023-01-03.
- ^ a b Wiener, Raúl (15 December 2010). "Militares se vendían por un fajo de dólares". Diario La Primera. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
- ^ Castro, Jonathan (February 6, 2021). "José Williams Zapata: "Proponemos mejorar la asesoría legal a los militares" ENTREVISTA". El Comercio (in Spanish). Retrieved August 24, 2021.
- ^ "Hernando de Soto presentó a los miembros "del gabinete de oposición": ¿Quiénes son?". Caretas (in Spanish). February 24, 2021. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
- ^ "Hernando de Soto: José Williams será su interlocutor y vocero de la bancada de Avanza País". El Comercio (in Spanish). April 22, 2021. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
- ^ "Congresista José Williams presidirá la Comisión de Defensa Nacional". Centro de Noticias del Congreso (in Spanish). August 18, 2021. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
- ^ "Carta de Madrid". Fundación Disenso (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-12-07.
- ^ "Dina Boluarte y el Congreso: mayoría rechaza a presidenta y al Legislativo, según IEP". La Republica (in Spanish). 2023-01-15. Retrieved 2023-01-16.