Jitamitra Malla

Names
	Jayajitamitra Malla
Regnal name
	Sri Sri Sumati Jayajitamitra Malla Deva

Jitamitra Malla
Jitamitra Malla
Sumati
	Miniature of Jitamitra Malla on his throne, c. 1681
King of Bhaktapur
Reign	28 November 1672 — 21 September 1696
Coronation	28 November 1672
Predecessor	Jagat Prakasha Malla
Successor	Bhupatindra Malla
Born	Unknown date; Bhaktapur Durbar Square, Kingdom of Bhaktapur (Present day Bhaktapur, Nepal)
Died	14 November 1708; Bhaktapur, Nepal
Spouse	Lalamati
Issue	Bhupatindra Malla; Bhānumati Devi;
Names
Names
	Jayajitamitra Malla
Regnal name
	Sri Sri Sumati Jayajitamitra Malla Deva
Dynasty	Malla
Father	Sri Jaya Jagatprakasa Malla
Mother	Padmāvati Devi
Signature

Jitamitra Malla (Newar: 𑐖𑐶𑐟𑐵𑐩𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐬 𑐩𑐮𑑂𑐮‎) was a Malla Dynasty King of Bhaktapur, Nepal from 1673 till his abdication in 1696.^[1] He was also known by his nom de plume, Sumati, meaning "the wise one".^[2]

He left his throne in 1696 to his eldest son Bhupatindra Malla to spend the rest of his life in religious activities,^[1] and died on 14 November 1708.^[3]

Construction efforts

A son of Sri Jaya Jagatprakasa Malla Raja, Jitamitra was noted for his construction projects. In 1674 he built a Shikara-style Shiva temple with a gilded repousse mask of the God on each side in Bhaktapur. In 1682 he built near the Durbar the two-storied Dharmasala Palace with a golden Mahadeva.^[4] The palace was used by royalty until 1769 and today is a museum and part of the World Heritage Site on Durbar Square. To the east of this, he erected the temple and statue of Narayana, along with the temples of Dattatrikasa and Pashupati. An inscription in 1678 states that he built the royal palace Thanathu Dubar and its gardens and courtyard. Jitamitra was also credited with restoring Kumari Chowk, the images of Astamatrikas and, in 1690, donated two large cooper kettledrums (nagara) or bells to his favourite deity, the goddess Taleju for the gilded roof of Taleju.^[5] He also contributed a finely carved wooden tympanum above the main entrance to the Mul Chowk and also erected many memorials in Bhaktapur.^[4]

His son, Bhupatindra Malla who succeed him in 1696 was equally fascinated with architecture, and continued the development of the Dharmsala Palace, its 55 windows and gardens.^[4]

Death

Although historians initially believed that Jitamitra Malla died around the time of the coronation of his son.^[1] However, in 1967 Historian Gautama Vajracharya published a previously undiscovered manuscript, where his death date is given as the thirteen day of the waxing moon of Margasira in NS 829 which falls on 14 November 1708 on the Gregorian calendar.^[3] The same document mentions that no women were burned as Sati during the funeral.^[3]

Sometime after his death, his wife Lalamati consecrated two sets of gilded repoussé statuettes of her and Jitamitra Malla, among which one set is part of a gilded repoussé strut in the former royal palace and the other set is displayed at the palace during the festival of Mohani, on the day of Vijayadashami.^[6]

Gallery

Miniature of Jitamitra Malla (left) from a Paubha dated 1670; sitting behind him are his brother Ugra Malla, his stepmother Annapurna and his half-sister Nandini.^[7]
Miniature of Jitamitra alongside his brother Ugra Malla (right) and his son Bhupatindra Malla, dated 1686.
Jitamitra Malla with his brother Ugra Malla (right) and his son Bhupatindra Malla. minitaure from a Paubha dated 1681.^[8]
Posthumous gilded sculpture of Jitamitra Malla consecrated by his wife, Lālamati.^[6]
Sculpture of his wife Lālamati.
Wooden figurines depicting Jitamitra Malla's mother Padmavati and his step-mother Chandravati, c. 1670.^[9]

Maithili dramas

Jitamitramalla is known to have composed ten dramas in the Maithili language although none of these have been published.^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Vajrācārya, Cundā (January 1996). "mallakālako aitihāsika sāmāgrī: dhara pau" ["Dhara Pau", historical materials of the Malla Dynasty] (PDF). Contribution to Nepalese Studies (in Nepali). 23.
^ Widdess, Professor Richard (2013-12-02). Dāphā: Sacred Singing in a South Asian City: Music, Performance and Meaning in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 288. ISBN 978-1-4094-6601-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c Vajracharya, Gautama (14 January 1967). "aprakāśita thyāsaphu" [Some unpublished thyāsaphu] (PDF). Purnima (in Nepali). 3 (4): 31.
^ ^a ^b ^c Singh, Munshi; Gunanand, Pandit Sri (1877). The History of Nepal. Low Price Publications, Delhi, India. p. 131.
^ "Bhaktapur Durbar Square". Government of Nepal Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation, Department of Archaeology. Archived from the original on 11 September 2009. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
^ ^a ^b Vaidya, Tulasī Rāma; Shrestha, Purushottam Lochan (2002). Bhaktapur Rajdarbar. Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies, Tribhuvan University. pp. 72–73. ISBN 978-99933-52-17-4.
^ Guy, John (1992). "New Evidence for the Jagannātha Cult in Seventeenth Century Nepal". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 2 (2): 213–230. ISSN 1356-1863.
^ Pal, Pratapaditya (1975). Nepal: where the Gods are Young. Asia Society. p. 132. ISBN 978-0878480456.
^ Guy, John (1992). "New Evidence for the Jagannātha Cult in Seventeenth Century Nepal". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 2 (2): 213–230. doi:10.1017/S135618630000239X. ISSN 1356-1863. JSTOR 25182509. S2CID 162316166.
^ Yadav, Ramawatar (2011). "Medieval Maithili stagecraft in the Nepalamandala: the Bhaktapur school". Contributions to Nepalese Studies.

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[:1-1] Vajrācārya, Cundā (January 1996). "mallakālako aitihāsika sāmāgrī: dhara pau" ["Dhara Pau", historical materials of the Malla Dynasty] (PDF). Contribution to Nepalese Studies (in Nepali). 23.

[2] Widdess, Professor Richard (2013-12-02). Dāphā: Sacred Singing in a South Asian City: Music, Performance and Meaning in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 288. ISBN 978-1-4094-6601-7.

[:0-3] Vajracharya, Gautama (14 January 1967). "aprakāśita thyāsaphu" [Some unpublished thyāsaphu] (PDF). Purnima (in Nepali). 3 (4): 31.

[History-4] Singh, Munshi; Gunanand, Pandit Sri (1877). The History of Nepal. Low Price Publications, Delhi, India. p. 131.

[5] "Bhaktapur Durbar Square". Government of Nepal Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation, Department of Archaeology. Archived from the original on 11 September 2009. Retrieved 8 October 2009.

[:2-6] Vaidya, Tulasī Rāma; Shrestha, Purushottam Lochan (2002). Bhaktapur Rajdarbar. Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies, Tribhuvan University. pp. 72–73. ISBN 978-99933-52-17-4.

[7] Guy, John (1992). "New Evidence for the Jagannātha Cult in Seventeenth Century Nepal". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 2 (2): 213–230. ISSN 1356-1863.

[8] Pal, Pratapaditya (1975). Nepal: where the Gods are Young. Asia Society. p. 132. ISBN 978-0878480456.

[9] Guy, John (1992). "New Evidence for the Jagannātha Cult in Seventeenth Century Nepal". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 2 (2): 213–230. doi:10.1017/S135618630000239X. ISSN 1356-1863. JSTOR 25182509. S2CID 162316166.

[Yadav2011-10] Yadav, Ramawatar (2011). "Medieval Maithili stagecraft in the Nepalamandala: the Bhaktapur school". Contributions to Nepalese Studies.

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v t e Malla dynasty rulers
Kathmandu Valley	Aridev Malla c. 1201–1216 Abhaya Malla c. 1216–1255 Jayadeva Malla c. 1255–1258 Jayabhimadeva c. 1258–1271 Jayasimha Malla c. 1271–1274 Ananta Malla c. 1274–1308 Jayanandadeva c. 1308–1320 Jayari Malla c. 1320–1344 Jayarajadeva c. 1348–1361 Jayarjunadeva c. 1361–1382 Jayasthiti Malla c. 1382–1395 Jayadharma Malla c. 1395–1408 Jyoti Malla c. 1408–1428 Yakshya Malla c. 1428–1482
Kantipur	Ratna Malla 1482–1520 Surya Malla 1520–1530 Amara (Narendra) Malla 1530–1560 Mahendra Malla 1560–1574 Sadashiva Malla 1574–1583 Shivasimha Malla 1583–1619 Lakshmi Narasimha Malla 1619–1641 Pratap Malla 1641–1674 Chakravartendra Malla 1669 Mahipatendra Malla 1670 Nripendra Malla 1674–1680 Parthibendra Malla 1680–1687 Bhupalendra Malla 1687–1700 Bhaskara Malla 1700–1722 Jagajjaya Malla 1722–1736 Jaya Prakash Malla 1736–1746 Jyoti Prakash Malla 1746–1750 Jaya Prakash Malla 1750–1768
Lalitpur	Purandara Simha c. 1580–1600 Harihara Simha (installed by his father Shivasimha) c. 1600–1609 Shivasimha Malla (King of Kantipur) 1609–1619 Siddhi Narasimha Malla 1620–1661 Srinivasa Malla 1661–1685 Yoga Narendra Malla 1685–1705 Loka Prakash Malla 1705–1706 Indra Malla (Purandara Malla) 1706–1709 Vira Narasimha Malla 1709 Vira Mahindra Malla 1709–1715 Riddhi Narasimha Malla 1715–1717 Mahindrasimha Malla (King of Kantipur) 1717–1722 Yoga Prakash Malla 1722–1729 Vishnu Malla 1729–1745 Rajya Prakash Malla 1745–1758 Vishvajit Malla 1758–1760 Jaya Prakash Malla (King of Kantipur) 1760–1761 Ranajit Malla (King of Bhaktapur) 1762–1763 Jaya Prakash Malla (King of Kantipur) 1763–1764 Dal Mardan Shah 1764–1765 Teja Narasimha Malla 1765–1768
Bhaktapur	Raya Malla 1482–1509 Bhuwana Malla 1505–1519 Prana Malla 1519–1547 Vishva Malla 1547–1560 Trailokya Malla (with Tribhuvana Malla and Ganga Rani) 1560–1613 Jagajjyoti Malla 1613–1637 Naresha Malla 1637–1644 Jagat Prakasha Malla 1644–1673 Jitamitra Malla 1673–1696 Bhupatindra Malla 1696–1722 Ranajit Malla 1722–1769

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