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James Wilson (scientist)

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James M. Wilson
Alma materAlbion College, University of Michigan
Known forGene Therapy
Scientific career
InstitutionsPerelman School of Medicine
Doctoral advisorWilliam N. Kelley

James M. Wilson is an American biomedical researcher and CEO of two biotech companies, Gemma Biotherapeutics and Franklin Biolabs, focused on gene therapies.[1] He previously served as the Director of the Gene Therapy Program, Rose H. Weiss Professor and Director of the Orphan Disease Center, and Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.[2] Previously, he held the John Herr Musser endowed professorship at the Perelman School of Medicine.[3]

Education and Research

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Wilson graduated from Albion College (B.A., Chemistry) and the University of Michigan (MD, PhD).[4]  He completed residency training in Internal Medicine at the Massachusetts General Hospital followed by a postdoctoral fellowship at the Whitehead Institute.[5]

Wilson’s research involves the development of viral-based gene therapies for genetic diseases. A major research focus is the generation of novel vectors for improved transduction efficiencies and regulated expression, as well as the elucidation of host immune responses to viral vectors.[6] His work emphasizes the creation of vectors for in vivo gene therapy concentrating on adeno-associated viruses. This work began with the discovery in his laboratory of a new family of primate AAVs; over 120 new AAV capsids were rescued as latent genomes from primate tissues and studied for their biology and potential as vectors.[7][8] This has led to an enhanced understanding of vector host interactions and a new generation of vectors with substantially improved performance profiles beyond that provided from the original 6 AAV isolates. More recently, Wilson’s laboratory has used AAV to accomplish successful in vivo genome editing.[9][10] As of 2018, his laboratory’s translational research portfolio included more than 30 orphan disease programs.[11]

The adeno-associated viruses serotypes discovered in Wilson's lab were used in several clinically approved gene therapies including onasemnogene abeparvovec which uses AAV9. Wilson is the founder of several gene therapy companies including Genovo, Regenxbio, Passage Bio, and Scout Bio.[12]

On August 1, 2024 Jim Wilson announced he would be departing the University of Pennsylvania Gene Therapy Program and starting two new companies Gemma Biotherapeutics and Franklin Biolabs.[13] Gemma Biotherapeutics will aim to build advanced medicines for patients with rare diseases.[14] Franklin Biolabs will serve as a contract research organization for companies working on genetic medicines.[14]

Jesse Gelsinger

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See also: Jesse Gelsinger

In 1999, Wilson led a clinical trial at the Institute for Human Gene Therapy using an adenoviral vector that resulted in the death of Jesse Gelsinger. As a result, the government banned him from working on FDA-regulated human clinical trials for five years and shut down the institute, which led to a shift in his research focus towards a study of adeno-associated viruses (AAV).[15][12]

References

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  1. ^ George, John (1 Aug 2024). "Dr. Jim Wilson, gene therapy pioneer, leaves Penn to focus on two startups". Philadelphia Business Journal.
  2. ^ "University of Pennsylvania Gene Therapy Program | Our Team". gtp.med.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2018-09-28.
  3. ^ "John Herr Musser Professorship of Research Medicine | Endowed Professorships | Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania". www.med.upenn.edu.
  4. ^ "James M. Wilson | Faculty | About Us | Perelman School of Medicine | Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania". www.med.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2018-09-28.
  5. ^ "James M. Wilson - Faculty Biosketch". www.med.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2018-09-28.
  6. ^ "University of Pennsylvania Gene Therapy Program | Home". gtp.med.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2018-09-28.
  7. ^ Gao, Guang-Ping; Alvira, Mauricio R.; Wang, Lili; Calcedo, Roberto; Johnston, Julie; Wilson, James M. (2002-09-03). "Novel adeno-associated viruses from rhesus monkeys as vectors for human gene therapy". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (18): 11854–11859. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9911854G. doi:10.1073/pnas.182412299. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 129358. PMID 12192090.
  8. ^ Gao, Guangping; Vandenberghe, Luk H.; Alvira, Mauricio R.; Lu, You; Calcedo, Roberto; Zhou, Xiangyang; Wilson, James M. (June 2004). "Clades of Adeno-associated viruses are widely disseminated in human tissues". Journal of Virology. 78 (12): 6381–6388. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.12.6381-6388.2004. ISSN 0022-538X. PMC 416542. PMID 15163731.
  9. ^ Yang, Yang; Wang, Lili; Bell, Peter; McMenamin, Deirdre; He, Zhenning; White, John; Yu, Hongwei; Xu, Chenyu; Morizono, Hiroki (March 2016). "A dual AAV system enables the Cas9-mediated correction of a metabolic liver disease in newborn mice". Nature Biotechnology. 34 (3): 334–338. doi:10.1038/nbt.3469. ISSN 1546-1696. PMC 4786489. PMID 26829317.
  10. ^ Wang, Lili; Smith, Jeff; Breton, Camilo; Clark, Peter; Zhang, Jia; Ying, Lei; Che, Yan; Lape, Janel; Bell, Peter (September 2018). "Meganuclease targeting of PCSK9 in macaque liver leads to stable reduction in serum cholesterol". Nature Biotechnology. 36 (8): 717–725. doi:10.1038/nbt.4182. ISSN 1546-1696. PMID 29985478. S2CID 51600299.
  11. ^ "University of Pennsylvania Gene Therapy Program | Translational Research Lab". gtp.med.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2018-09-28.
  12. ^ a b Cross, Ryan (12 September 2019). "The redemption of James Wilson, gene therapy pioneer". Chemical & Engineering News. No. 36.
  13. ^ Joseph, Andrew (2024-08-01). "Jim Wilson, gene therapy pioneer, departs Penn to set up new companies". STAT. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  14. ^ a b "Updated: Jim Wilson to step down from gene therapy post at UPenn, will form two new companies". Endpoints News. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  15. ^ Zimmer, Carl (August 13, 2013). "Gene Therapy Emerges From Disgrace to Be the Next Big Thing, Again". Wired – via www.wired.com.
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